钎焊温度和热处理对钨铜连接性能的影响

采用厚20 μm的非晶态Ti-Zr-Ni-Cu钎料,真空钎焊连接用于聚变堆面向等离子体部件的钨和铜铬锆合金,钎焊温度分别为860、880和900℃,对880℃下的钎焊样品进行热等静压(HIP)处理.采用SEM和EDS分析连接接头的形貌和成分,用静载剪切法测量焊接接头强度.测试结果表明在860～880℃下钎焊10 min能够获得较好的连接界面,经880℃钎焊后焊接接头的剪切强度为16.57 MPa,880℃钎焊后HIP处理的试样界面结合强度提高至142.73 MPa,说明真空钎焊后HIP处理可以显著改善接头的结合强度.     

钛基钎料钎焊石墨与TZM合金接头组织和性能研究

研究了钛基钎料钎焊石墨与TZM合金的钎焊组织。结果表明，使用钛合金箔为钎料能很好润湿石墨和TZM母材，通过界面反应和TLP扩散连接获得良好的钎焊组织。接头组织主要分为两层：Ti-TiC和Ti-Mo固溶体。热震循环试验证明接头再熔化温度高于1400℃，承受热应力而不失效。接头剪切强度为14．1MPa。     

超声辅助SAC0307无铅焊料低温钎焊研究北大核心

采用SAC0307无铅焊料实现了Cu/Cu的低温互连,研究了纳米Ni颗粒和超声辅助共同作用下SAC0307低银无铅焊料接头的显微组织和力学性能。结果表明:两种焊料界面IMC厚度均随着超声时间的增加先升高后下降;低温时,焊料接头IMC呈扇贝状,复合焊料接头IMC呈锯齿状;随温度升高,锯齿状的IMC变得更显著。超声辅助下,钎焊温度为210～230℃时,随超声时间延长,两种钎焊接头剪切强度先增加后减小,均在超声5 s时剪切强度达到最高;钎焊温度为240℃时,两种焊料接头剪切强度随超声时间延长而下降。无超声时,240℃时两种焊料接头剪切强度均最高,分别为25.54 MPa和26.54 MPa;超声5 s时,220℃钎焊的焊料接头剪切强度最高,为31.31 MPa,210℃钎焊的复合焊料接头剪切强度最高,为35.26 MPa。焊料处在固态、半固态或黏稠液态,超声振动有助于焊料填缝,获得密实的接头,接头力学性能提高;而振动时间过长,焊料中气体和氧化夹杂等不容易溢出,会聚集长大造成力学性能下降。     

钎焊真空度对铜与铪钎焊接头组织及性能的影响

采用72Ag-28Cu钎料对铜与铪进行真空钎焊试验.钎焊温度为840℃,保温时间为15 min,真空度试验范围为5.0×10-2~8.0Pa.研究了钎焊真空度对铜与铪钎焊接头组织及性能的影响,采用场发射扫描电子显微镜(FESEM)观察钎焊接头的组织形貌,采用ZWICKZ050电子万能材料试验机测试接头剪切强度.结果表明:随着钎焊真空度的升高,接头剪切强度呈先升高后降低的趋势;在钎焊温度为840℃、保温时间为15 min时,较佳的钎焊真空度为2.0×10-1Pa.     

TiZrNiCu钎料真空钎焊TZM合金接头界面组织及力学性能

采用Ti-Zr-Ni-Cu非晶钎料箔实现了TZM合金的真空钎焊连接,研究了钎焊温度和保温时间对接头界面微观组织结构及力学性能的影响。通过扫描电镜(SEM)、能谱仪(EDS)分析了接头界面组织及物相成分、确定接头的断裂位置和断裂方式,通过X射线衍射仪(XRD)分析确定接头中存在的物相。研究结果表明:接头典型界面组织为TZM/Ti-Mo固溶体+(Ti,Zr)2(Ni,Cu)/TZM,随着钎焊温度或保温时间的增加,钎缝中Ti-Mo固溶体的含量增加,(Ti,Zr)2(Ni,Cu)相含量减少,且Ti-Mo固溶体中Mo元素的原子比例增加,钎缝与母材连接界面处、母材中的裂纹状结构含量增加。随钎焊温度或保温时间的增加,接头剪切强度先增大后减小,当钎焊温度1020℃,保温时间20 min时,接头具有最大剪切强度105 MPa。断口分析表明,断裂位置为钎缝与母材连接界面,断裂方式为解理断裂兼部分沿晶断裂。     

铪与铜钎焊接头的组织与强度

采用72Ag-28Cu钎料对铪与铜进行了真空钎焊试验,钎焊温度为820~920℃,保温时间为1~45 min。研究了钎焊温度与保温时间对Hf/72Ag-28Cu/Cu钎焊接头组织和强度的影响,采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)观察钎焊接头组织形貌,用能谱仪(EDS)进行化学成分分析,用X射线衍射(XRD)进行物相分析。结果表明:随着钎焊温度的升高与保温时间的延长,接头剪切强度先升高后降低;在钎焊温度为840℃、保温时间为15 min的真空钎焊条件下,钎缝中的各相分布均匀,且尚未粗化,相比温度升高和保温时间延长获得的大块连续状相而言更有分布优势,起到了弥散强化的作用,并有利于应力的缓解释放,此时剪切强度最高,达到了最大的201 MPa,钎缝内形成了良好的结合界面;钎焊接头界面生成了Cu51Hf14,Cu8Hf3金属间化合物,但Cu-Hf化合物过多会对缺陷比较敏感,易产生裂纹,降低接头强度;Cu-Hf化合物过少导致没有形成良好冶金结合;因此,钎焊温度过高或过低,保温时间过长或过短对接头强度都不利。接头的界面结构为Hf/Cu-Hf化合物+Hf基固溶体/Hf基固溶体+Ag-Cu共晶组织+Cu-Hf化合物+Cu基固溶体/Cu。     

热处理温度对1Cr18Ni9Ti／16Mn爆炸焊接复合钢板界面组织和性能的影响

研究了不同热处理温度对爆炸焊接复合钢板结合界面组织和性能的影响。试验表明，随着热处理温度升高，界面强度降低，但温度超过某一值后，界面强度急剧下降。利用扫描电镜观察不同热处理温度下的剪切试样断口，发现复合钢板的开裂部位有明显不同。通过光学及电镜金相观察发现，复合钢板界面结合区包括基板变形区、覆板绝热剪切区及中间共熔区。共熔区的成分既不同于基板，也不同于覆板。分析表明，界面区域强度急剧下降不仅与基板变形区的晶粒长大有关，也与热处理时产生的相变有关。     

不锈钢/碳钢拉拔钎焊复合管的实验研究

采用拉拔-钎焊的方式制备不锈钢/碳钢复合管,应用金相显微镜观察钎焊后复合界面的微观形貌,实验测试了钎焊温度和保温时间对复合强度的影响。研究发现,钎焊后金属间形成致密的冶金结合,随钎焊温度增加,金属间的剪切强度提高,当温度大于1150℃时,剪切强度从295MPa缓慢增加,随钎焊保温时间剪切强度呈先增大后降低规律。保温3h时剪切强度最大为301MPa。     

Ti-Ni-Nb钎料钎焊βNb-Ti合金接头的微观组织及力学性能

采用65Ti-25Ni-10Nb (%,质量分数)钎料对体心立方结构的βNb-Ti固溶体合金进行钎焊,研究了钎焊条件对接头微观组织和力学性能的影响规律。研究发现,接头焊缝组织主要由{(Nb,Ti)+TiNi}共晶组织、(Nb,Ti)固溶体相、 TiNi相、 Ti_2Ni相和富Ti相组成。随着钎焊温度的升高和钎焊时间的延长,钎焊过程中钎料和基体中的合金元素发生互扩散,焊缝组织中的{(Nb, Ti)+TiNi}共晶组织和TiNi相逐向Ti_2Ni相转变,并在Ti_2Ni相内部逐渐析出富Ti相。同时,基体中的其他合金元素如Al, V和Cr元素向钎料中扩散。随钎焊温度的升高或保温时间的延长,钎焊接头的剪切强度呈先增加后降低的趋势。这主要是由于Ti_2Ni相具有较高的剪切模量,其含量的增加使钎焊接头的剪切强度增加,但随后Ti_2Ni相内部析出富Ti相使焊缝内应力增加,导致钎焊接头的剪切强度迅速降低。在1150℃钎焊15 min时, 65Ti-25Ni-10Nb/Nb-Ti钎焊接头的室温剪切强度可达到617.7 MPa。     

PDC钻头用急冷钎料的研究

本文针对PDC钻头焊接的需要,研究了硬质合金真空钎焊用的Ag-Cu-In-Ti活性钎头。结果表明,在PDC热稳定极限温度以下,急冷的Ag-Cu-In-Ti钎料可以连接硬质合金,接头剪切强度可达308MPa以上。连接过程中,活性元素Ti起着重要的作用。Ti在结合界面富集并与硬质合金发生化学反应,反应的主要产物为TiC。钎焊温度和保温时间都有一个最佳范围,在此范围之内,接头强度最高。     

感应钎焊工艺对黄铜接头组织的影响

研究了感应钎焊时 ,不同钎焊参数对零件内外表面温度的影响 ,分析了钎焊工艺参数对母材组织和接头质量的影响。缓慢升温可使工件内外表面温度达到平衡 ,钎焊温度在 780℃以下 ,保温时间小于 2 0s的工艺参数可获得优良钎缝和不损伤母材组织。     

几种不同银基钎料对钛合金/不锈钢钎焊焊缝的影响

采用不同成分的钎料在相同温度、相同时间条件下，利用光学显微镜，扫描电子显微镜(SEM)等检测手段，对钛合金／不锈钢钎焊焊缝进行了观测分析，并对钎焊接头中形成的不同相的特征以及金属间化合物对接头结合性能的影响进行了分析探讨。     

Brazing Inconel 625 Using the Copper Foil

Brazing Inconel 625 (IN-625) using the copper foil has been investigated in this research. The brazed joint is composed of nanosized CrNi₃ precipitates and Cr/Mo/Nb/Ni quaternary compound in the Cu/Ni-rich matrix. The copper filler 50 μm in thickness is enough for the joint filling. However, the application of Cu foil 100 μm in thickness has little effect on the shear strength of the brazed joint. The specimen brazed at 1433 K (1160 °C) for 1800 seconds demonstrates the best shear strength of 470 MPa, and its fractograph is dominated by ductile dimple fracture with sliding marks. Decreasing the brazing temperature slightly decreases the shear strength of the brazed joint due to the presence of a few isolated solidification shrinkage voids smaller than 15 μm. Increasing the brazing temperature, especially for the specimen brazed at 1473 K (1200 °C), significantly deteriorates the shear strength of the joint below 260 MPa because of coalescence of isothermal solidification shrinkage voids in the joint. The Cu foil demonstrates potential in brazing IN-625 for industrial application.     

Ni元素对Al-Si-Cu基真空钎焊料接头性能的影响

研究了添加Ni的Al-Si-Cu基钎料真空钎焊LF21铝合金接头的力学性能、微观组织形貌.结果表明,采用添加Ni元素的真空钎料,可提高钎焊接头的剪切强度,其机制在于Ni元素能够改善LF21铝合金真空钎焊接头焊缝及其基体组织的分布.但随着Ni元素含量的增加,其钎料的熔点也有所提高.     

以Nb为中间层AgCuTi为钎料连接炭/炭复合材料与不锈钢

在连接温度为900℃、保温时间10 min的条件下,以Nb为中间层,采用AgCuTi钎料对炭/炭复合材料与不锈钢进行连接.利用扫描电镜和X射线衍射对接头界面组织进行分析.实验结果表明,以Nb为中间层、AgCuTi为钎料能很好地连接炭/炭复合材料与不锈钢;连接过程中,钎料中的Ti向炭/炭复合材料界面区聚集并形成含TiC的...     

In Situ Measurement of the Thermal Contact Resistance of an Al Lap Joint During Braze Processing

A technique was developed, using a laser flash thermal diffusivity apparatus, to measure the thermal contact resistance, R _c, of an Al lap joint during braze processing. The method required a determination of the temperature dependence of the thermal diffusivity of the individual Al braze sheets, as well as a two-layer lap joint made from these sheets, under identical conditions. A two-layer modeling method was then used to analyze the above data to determine R _c for the lap joint as a function of processing temperature. This in situ analysis of R _c for a developing joint during brazing was able to distinguish both solid-state and liquid-phase reactions occurring at the faying surfaces of the joint. Consequently, it represents a powerful, new experimental tool that can be used to investigate the mechanisms of braze joint formation and the thermal properties of a joint as a function of processing condition. In the particular case of this study, the technique demonstrates that the use of a Ni-based fluxless brazing process to join aluminum (Al) sheets, reduced the R _c of the lap joint by 100-folds from 1.3 × 10^?4 m² K/W before brazing to 1.35 × 10^?6 m² K/W after brazing.     

Brazing of Ti-6Al-4V and niobium using three silver-base braze alloys

Evaluations of the (infrared)-brazed Ti-6Al-4V and niobium joints using three silver-base braze alloys have been extensively studied. According to the dynamic wetting angle measurement results, the niobium substrate cannot be effectively wetted by all three braze alloys. Because the dissolution of Ti-6Al-4V substrate causes transport of Ti into the molten braze, the molten braze dissolved with Ti can effectively wet the niobium substrate during brazing. For infrared-brazed Ti-6Al-4V/Ag/Nb joint, it is mainly comprised of the Ag-rich matrix. The TiAg reaction layer is observed at the interface between the braze and Ti-6Al-4V substrate. In contrast, Ti-rich, Ag-rich, and interfacial TiAg phases are found in the furnace-brazed specimen. The dominated Ti-rich phase in the joint is caused by enhanced dissolution between the molten braze and Ti-6Al-4V substrate. The infrared-brazed Ti-6Al-4V/72Ag-28Cu/Nb joint is mainly comprised of the Ag-rich matrix and Ag-Cu eutectic. With increasing the brazing temperature or time, the amount of Ag-Cu eutectic is decreased, and the interfacial Cu-Ti reaction layer(s) is increased. The infrared brazed joint has the highest average shear strength of 224.1 MPa. The averaged shear strength of the brazed joint is decreased with increasing brazing temperature or time, and its fracture location changes from the braze alloy into the interfacial reaction layer(s) due to excessive growth of the Cu-Ti intermetallics. The infrared-brazed Ti-6Al-4V/95Ag-5Al/Nb joint is composed of Ag-rich matrix and TiAl interfacial reaction layer. With increasing the brazing time, the amount of Ag-rich phase is greatly decreased, and the interfacial reaction layer becomes Ti₃Al due to enhanced dissolution of Ti-6Al-4V substrate into the molten braze. The average shear strength of the infrared-brazed joint is 172.8 MPa. Additionally, the existence of an interfacial Ti₃Al reaction layer significantly deteriorates the shear strength of the furnace-brazed specimen.     

Manufacture of powders of nickel-base brazing alloys

Conclusions A process has been developed for the manufacture of a Ni-Cr-Si-Fe-B brazing alloy in powder form, designated as PKh12N75S8R, and also brazing alloy powder No. 6MA, which is a mechanical mixture of 85% of PKh12N75S8R powder and 15% of molybdenum. Using alloy powder No. 6MA (instead of PKh12N75S8R) for brazing high-alloy steels raises the secondary melting (unbrazing) temperature of the brazed joint.Translated from Poroshkovaya Metallurgiya, No. 5 (113), pp. 82–88, May, 1972.     

钛合金钎缝中元素的扩散行为研究

采用钛基钎料钎焊TC4板材,在钎焊接头组织和力学性能分析的基础上,确定合理的工艺规范,并从理论上对TC4板材钎缝中元素扩散行为进行了分析,总结出了较为普遍的规律。     

Effects of applied pressure on the brazing of superplastic INCONEL 718 superalloy

A superplastic INCONEL 718 superalloy was brazed with a Ni-P and a Ni-Cr-P amorphous filler metal. The effects of applied pressure on the bonding strength, microhardness, and corrosion resistance were studied. The results showed that the brazements with Ni-Cr-P filler metal have higher bonding strength and better corrosion resistance than those with Ni-P filler metal using a conventional brazing method without applied pressure. When brazing was conducted under applied pressure, the bonding strength increased with applied pressure for the brazements with both filler metals. This was caused by a decrease of intermetallic phase through ejection of the liquid phase enriched with melting temperature depressants in the molten filler metals from the joint clearance. Corrosion tests show that these brazements failed at the brazed joint and at the grain boundaries in the region adjacent to the brazement.