阿维菌素与杀虫单复配对水稻二化螟室内活性测定

室内研究了阿维菌素与杀虫单以不同配比的混配对水稻二化螟的毒力,结果表明：m（阿维菌素）∶m（杀虫单）=1∶79时共毒系数最低,为103.60,表现为相加作用。其它各配比共毒系数均大于120,表现为增效作用。其中m（阿维菌素）∶m（杀虫单）=1∶99时的共毒系数最高,达164.23,增效作用最显著,说明该混剂应用配比（1∶99）复配防治水稻二化螟具有合理性和可行性。     

阿维菌素与毒死蜱对小菜蛾联合毒力的生物测定

[方法]小菜蛾是十字花科蔬菜上危害最为严重的害虫之一。采用浸液法研究了阿维菌素与毒死蜱联合混配对小菜蛾的毒力作用。[结果]结果表明:2种药剂单用时阿维菌素毒力高于毒死蜱,24 h时阿维菌素和毒死蜱的LC50值分别为380.6794、2,274.0142 mg/L。24 h内两药剂混用表现为相加作用。阿维菌素与毒死蜱的比例为1∶2.22时,48、72 h后的共毒系数可高达983和998,均表现为增效作用。[结论]随着时间的延长,2种药剂混配后表现为较强的增效作用。     

溴虫腈与虫酰肼及其复配对甜菜夜蛾的毒力测定

溴虫腈与虫酰肼以五种比例复配,经室内对甜菜夜蛾的毒力测定,溴虫腈对甜菜夜蛾的毒力较高,48h的LC50为27.2030mg/L。其优选配方（v∶v=1～2∶1）的共毒系数达219.9～254.1,增效作用明显。     

不同药剂复配对南方根结线虫增效作用

[目的]筛选对南方根结线虫高效低毒的药剂。[方法]采用浸泡杀线虫法测定9种药剂对南方根结线虫的毒力,选活性较高的单剂进行交互复配,测定其联合毒力。[结果]甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐对2龄幼虫和卵囊的毒力最强,LC50值分别为2.51、10.50 mg/L;甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐与噻唑膦复配的共毒系数为141.59,阿维菌素与噻唑膦复配的共毒系数为159.37。[结论]单剂以甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐活性最高,复配剂以噻唑膦与阿维菌素、甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐复配效果最佳。     

阿维菌素与常用杀虫剂复配对Q型烟粉虱的增效作用及田间防效

[目的]筛选出对Q型烟粉虱具有增效作用的药剂复配组合。[方法]室内采用叶片浸渍法测定了阿维菌素与6种杀虫剂单剂对Q型烟粉虱成虫和若虫的毒力及其复配后的增效作用,并通过大田试验进行进一步验证。[结果]供试药剂中,阿维菌素和乙基多杀菌素对烟粉虱成虫和若虫均显示了较高毒力,LC50值分别为1.27、0.82 mg/L和1.15、0.68 mg/L。阿维菌素与吡虫啉、苦参碱、藜芦碱等3种药剂复配(有效成分1∶1)对烟粉虱成虫和若虫的增效作用较强,共毒因子分别为125.60、152.11、104.53和125.65、106.99、114.83。最佳配比筛选结果表明:阿维菌素与吡虫啉、苦参碱、藜芦碱复配对烟粉虱成虫和若虫的增效作用均以有效成分1∶4的比例最好,其共毒系数分别达到915.45、543.87、349.72和780.00、520.48、306.52,增效作用显著。田间药效试验结果表明:[阿维菌素+吡虫啉(1∶4)]的复配组合对烟粉虱成虫和若虫防治均有明显的增效作用,防效可分别可高达92.99%和90.36%;与主干药剂阿维菌素相比,防效分别提高3.86%～7.67%和6.59%～14.95%。[结论]阿维菌素与吡虫啉以有效成分1∶4复配时增效作用最显著,是田间进行Q型烟粉虱成虫和若虫防治的最佳复配组合,有较高的推广应用价值。     

牛心朴子总生物碱与化学农药复配剂对小菜蛾的联合毒力作用

[目的]研究牛心朴子生物碱对2种化学农药阿维菌素和辛硫磷的增效作用。[方法]采用Bliss法进行最佳比例筛选,并通过Sun法对复配剂的联合毒力作用进行评价。[结果]复配后实际死亡率都大于理论死亡率,牛心朴子生物碱∶阿维菌素为2∶3时共毒系数为275.68,牛心朴子生物碱∶辛硫磷为1∶1时共毒系数为293.37。[结论]牛心朴子生物碱与2种化学农药之间有一定的增效作用。     

杀虫剂复配对抗溴氰菊酯小菜蛾幼虫的活性测定

为了对抗溴氰菊酯小菜蛾防治提供理论依据,采用几种杀虫剂按不同比例2元复配,测定其对抗溴氰菊酯小菜蛾3龄幼虫的室内活性。结果表明,甲维盐和氰戊菊酯、甲维盐和高效氯氰菊酯复配对小菜蛾幼虫都表现为增效作用;阿维菌素和溴氰菊酯复配比为1∶20和1∶25、阿维菌素和高效氯氰菊酯复配比为1∶25、甲维盐和毒死蜱复配比为1∶10和1∶15时,对小菜蛾幼虫表现为拮抗作用。     

药剂复配对B型烟粉虱增效作用测定

采用试管药膜法,测定了阿维菌素、氟虫腈等7种药剂及相关混配对B型烟粉虱的毒力及增效作用.结果显示:在7种药剂中阿维菌素和氟虫腈对烟粉虱显示了较高毒力,LC50值分别为1.122 9、3.081 3 mg/L,毒力倍数较毒死蜱分别为125.0和45.6;在新烟碱类药剂中啶虫脒对烟粉虱的毒力最高,LC50值为7.1195 mg/L;啶虫脒和阿维菌素1:5和1:10的质量浓度比混配LC50值分别为1.3881、1.0647mg/L,显示了一定的相加作用;啶虫脒币口氟虫腈1:2和1:4的混配LC50值分别为3.765 3、1.5831mg/L,其中1:4混配共毒系数达到了219.79,显示了较高的增效作用;啶虫脒和毒死蜱1:4和1:8混配的LC50值分别为21.813、25.730 mg/L,共毒系数分别为135.68、177.16,有较高的增效作用.     

阿维菌素与噻虫胺混配对烟蚜、B型烟粉虱的联合毒力测定

[方法]采用叶片浸渍法和玻管药膜法测定阿维菌素和噻虫胺对烟蚜、烟粉虱的毒力及联合毒力,并加工成悬浮剂进行了田间试验。[结果]阿维菌素对烟蚜、烟粉虱的LC50值分别为1.014、0.317 mg/L,噻虫胺对烟蚜、烟粉虱的LC50值分别为2.191、4.212 mg/L;阿维菌素和噻虫胺按质量比1∶8混配对烟蚜的共毒系数为128.44,增效作用明显;按质量比1∶4混配对烟粉虱的共毒系数为171.34,增效作用显著。18%阿维菌素·噻虫胺悬浮剂150 mg/L质量浓度药后3、7、14 d对烟蚜防效分别为90.6%、84.9%和79.4%,对烟粉虱防效分别为94.2%、90.6%和74.8%,显示了很好的速效性和持效性。[结论]阿维菌素和噻虫胺混配是防治烟蚜、烟粉虱的较好药剂。     

4种杀螨剂对二斑叶螨不同发育阶段的联合毒力作用

[目的]选取4种杀螨剂对二斑叶螨不同发育阶段进行毒力测定,并研究阿维菌素与四螨嗪及甲维盐与噻螨酮混配的联合毒力,对杀螨剂的合理使用具有指导意义。[方法]采用浸虫法进行毒力测定。[结果]阿维菌素和四螨嗪混配时,在1∶24~1∶199混配范围内对二斑叶螨主要表现相加作用或拮抗作用;甲维盐和噻螨酮混配时,在1∶4~1∶24混配范围内对二斑叶螨主要表现增效作用或相加作用。将四螨嗪和噻螨酮在各自复配剂有效成分中的质量分数k进行反正弦转换,通过Spss软件拟合k反正弦转换值与共毒系数的数学模型,进而求得各复配剂最大共毒系数及各单剂有效质量分数。[结论]综合分析可得到阿维菌素和四螨嗪的最优配比为1∶99,甲维盐和噻螨酮的最佳配比为12∶88。     

Many Drugs of Abuse May Be Acutely Transformed to Dopamine,Norepinephrine and Epinephrine In Vivo

It is well established that a wide range of drugs of abuse acutely boost the signaling of the sympathetic nervous system and the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, where norepinephrine and epinephrine are major output molecules. This stimulatory effect is accompanied by such symptoms as elevated heart rate and blood pressure, more rapid breathing, increased body temperature and sweating, and pupillary dilation, as well as the intoxicating or euphoric subjective properties of the drug. While many drugs of abuse are thought to achieve their intoxicating effects by modulating the monoaminergic neurotransmitter systems (i.e., serotonin, norepinephrine, dopamine) by binding to these receptors or otherwise affecting their synaptic signaling, this paper puts forth the hypothesis that many of these drugs are actually acutely converted to catecholamines (dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine) in vivo, in addition to transformation to their known metabolites. In this manner, a range of stimulants, opioids, and psychedelics (as well as alcohol) may partially achieve their intoxicating properties, as well as side effects, due to this putative transformation to catecholamines. If this hypothesis is correct, it would alter our understanding of the basic biosynthetic pathways for generating these important signaling molecules, while also modifying our view of the neural substrates underlying substance abuse and dependence, including psychological stress-induced relapse. Importantly, there is a direct way to test the overarching hypothesis: administer (either centrally or peripherally) stable isotope versions of these drugs to model organisms such as rodents (or even to humans) and then use liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to determine if the labeled drug is converted to labeled catecholamines in brain, blood plasma, or urine samples.     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

ICP-MS法测定地球化学样品中As、Cr、Ge、V等18种微量痕量元素的研究

建立了测定地球化学样品中包括As、Cr、Ge、V等18种微量、痕量元素的ICP-MS方法。地化试样用HF-HNO3混酸分解后,以1 1 HNO3溶解干渣。由于制样不使用盐酸,避免了Cl对As、Cr、Ge、V的质谱干扰。用国家一级地球化学标准物质GBW 07309制备溶液优化仪器工作参数,并用于校准。方法测定限(6s)为:0.007~6.4μg/g,精密度(RSD%,n=12)为:29%~9.4%,经过国家一级地球化学标准物质的分析验证,结果与标准值吻合。方法已应用于国土资源调查的试样分析。     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

基于ATRP法制备的触角状亲水性羟胺树脂的吸硼性能的研究

以大分子引发剂氯乙酰化聚苯乙烯微球(PS-acyl-Cl)经原子转移自由基聚合(ATRP)法引发丙烯酰胺(AM)和甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯(GMA)单体的共聚接枝,制得一种触角状亲水性环氧载体(PS-acyl-g-P(AM-co-GMA)),再经二乙醇胺(DEA)的环氧基开环胺化反应,得到一种含多个-NCH2CH2OH螯合配基的多齿-五元螯合环的触角状亲水性羟胺树脂(PS-acyl-g-P(AM-co-GMA)-DEA)。将此树脂用于硼吸附研究,结果表明,PS-acyl-g-P(AM-co-GMA)-DEA树脂对硼的吸附满足Langmuir方程,为单分子层吸附;饱和吸附量约为37.7 mg·g-1,且树脂5 min即可达到吸附平衡,与其它已报道的吸硼树脂相比,该树脂具有更高的吸附量和吸硼速率。吸附动力学研究表明,树脂吸附硼的过程主要由颗粒扩散过程控制。重复使用5次后该树脂的吸附量基本不变,解吸率均在90%以上,重复使用性能良好。