环已酮在无H2条件下2,6-二甲基苯酚胺化反应中的诱导机制研究

在无氢条件下,以Pd/C为催化剂,以环已酮为诱导剂,对2,6-二甲基苯酚进行胺化反应。考查了环已酮的量对反应的影响,提出并证明了其诱导机理。结果表面,适当量的环已酮可诱导反应原料生成重要的中间产物2,6-二甲基环已酮,该中间产物可促进反应的进行。     

科技动态

降低副产硫铵的已内酰胺制造法——《Chem.& Eng.News》,51[15],14(1973).已内酰胺是生产尼龙6的单体,一般工业上生产已内酰胺的路线很多,可以从环已烷、甲苯或苯酚开始,经过不同方法制环已酮肟,环已酮肟再进行贝克曼重排反应而成已内酰胺,贝克曼重排反应要用硫酸催化,最后在产物已内酰胺回收前酸要用氨来中和,结果生成了副产物硫酸铵。此外,在制备中间体环已酮肟时,通常是用环已酮     

微波照射硅钨酸催化合成环己酮乙二醇缩酮

在微波辐射下,以硅钨酸为催化剂、环已烷为带水剂,合成了环已酮乙二醇缩酮。考察了催化剂的用量、反应时间、酮醇物质的量之比、带水剂的用量及微波功率等诸多因素对产品收率的影响。实验表明,在环已酮用量为0.2mol、n（环已酮）：n（乙二醇）=1.0：1.35、催化剂用量为反应物料总质量的2.7％、以15mL环已烷为带水剂、微波功率为500W和反应时间为30min等优化条件下,环已酮乙二醇缩酮的收率可达71．8％。     

制备环己醇、环己酮的新技术路线

介绍了经苯制环已醇、环已酮的新技术路线:苯转化为环已烯或环已基苯,再由此制备环弓醇及环已酮。由苯经环已烯制环已醇及环已酮,由于工艺上的优点,日益引起人们的重视。1990年日本实现了环已烯水合制环已醇的工业化。     

低粘度高强度改性环氧树脂化学灌浆材料的研究

低粘度,高强度改性环氧树脂化学灌浆材料是由环氧树脂,糠醛,环已酮缩合物及二乙烯三胺组成。适合于灌注大坝等混凝土建筑物的细小裂缝,改变了过去环氧灌不进细小裂缝的状况。文中介绍了该材料的配制方法、性能。探讨了制缩合物时倦化剂用量和糠醛,环已酮摩尔比,固化剂用量以及环氧树脂与糠醛环已酮缩合物配比对固化物机械性能的影响。     

日本开发由环已酮生产氟苯的新方法

日本开发由环已酮生产氟苯的新方法日本旭化成工业公司开发了一种由环已酮生产氟苯的新方法，预期此法比使用苯胺的传统路线节省３０～４０％的费用。氟苯可用作药物原料，并用于生产制造聚醚酮一类高性能树脂的单体。据介绍，环已酮和起到催化剂作用的三氟乙酐在缓和的条...     

相关市场行情

8月3日环已酮市场依然弱市盘整贸易商接盘较少今日环已酮市场依然弱市盘整,贸易商接盘较少,多供应老客户,下游需求平淡,实际商谈一般。市场方面,华东地区成交大致在14700-14800元/吨左右送到,西南地     

硫酸氢钠催化合成环已酮乙二缩酮

在一水合硫酸氢钠存在下，由环已铜和乙二醇合成了环已酮乙二缩酮、当环已酮、乙二酮和硫酸氢的摩尔比为2:4:0.11，以环已烷为溶剂，回流分水40min，产品收率达85：6%.     

科技开发

碳氢化合物选择性氧化难题已获得重大突破 由湖南大学化学化工学院自主研发并首创的“金属卟啉仿生催化空气氧化环已烷制备环已酮”项目最近通过年产800吨环已酮工业化试验。这一项目的成功标志着仿生催化氧化技术应用于碳氢化合物空气氧化工业生产的成功,一直以来困扰着国际工业界的碳氢化合物选择性氧化的难题获得重大突破。     

在环已酮10 kt/a改造中新技术的应用

价绍了巨化锦纶厂在环已酮10kt/a改造中新技术应用的情况.     

Sapindaceae,cyanolipids, and bugs

Scentless plant bugs (Heteroptera: Rhopalidae) are so named because adults of the Serinethinae have vestigial metathoracic scent glands. Serinethines are seed predators of Sapindales, especially Sapindaceae that produce toxic cyanolipids. In two serinethine species whose ranges extend into the southern United States,Jadera haematoloma andJ. sanguinolenta, sequestration of host cyanolipids as glucosides renders these gregarious, aposematic insects unpalatable to a variety of predators. The blood glucoside profile and cyanogenesis ofJadera varies depending on the cyanolipid chemistry of hosts, and adults and larvae fed golden rain tree seeds (Koelreuteria paniculata) excrete the volatile lactone, 4-methyl-2(5H)-furanone, to which they are attracted.Jadera fed balloon vine seeds (Cardiospermum spp.) do not excrete the attractive lactone. Loss of the usual heteropteran defensive glands in serinethines may have coevolved with host specificity on toxic plants, and the orientation ofJadera to a volatile excretory product could be an adaptive response to save time.Mention of a commercial product does not consititute an endorsement by the USDA.     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Many Drugs of Abuse May Be Acutely Transformed to Dopamine,Norepinephrine and Epinephrine In Vivo

It is well established that a wide range of drugs of abuse acutely boost the signaling of the sympathetic nervous system and the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, where norepinephrine and epinephrine are major output molecules. This stimulatory effect is accompanied by such symptoms as elevated heart rate and blood pressure, more rapid breathing, increased body temperature and sweating, and pupillary dilation, as well as the intoxicating or euphoric subjective properties of the drug. While many drugs of abuse are thought to achieve their intoxicating effects by modulating the monoaminergic neurotransmitter systems (i.e., serotonin, norepinephrine, dopamine) by binding to these receptors or otherwise affecting their synaptic signaling, this paper puts forth the hypothesis that many of these drugs are actually acutely converted to catecholamines (dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine) in vivo, in addition to transformation to their known metabolites. In this manner, a range of stimulants, opioids, and psychedelics (as well as alcohol) may partially achieve their intoxicating properties, as well as side effects, due to this putative transformation to catecholamines. If this hypothesis is correct, it would alter our understanding of the basic biosynthetic pathways for generating these important signaling molecules, while also modifying our view of the neural substrates underlying substance abuse and dependence, including psychological stress-induced relapse. Importantly, there is a direct way to test the overarching hypothesis: administer (either centrally or peripherally) stable isotope versions of these drugs to model organisms such as rodents (or even to humans) and then use liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to determine if the labeled drug is converted to labeled catecholamines in brain, blood plasma, or urine samples.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

2008～2009年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2008年7月～2009年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2008～2009年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况。按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、环氧树脂、不饱和聚酯树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍。