联合迭代解调译码算法的短波FH/OFDM系统的性能分析

该文提出了一种基于联合迭代解调译码的短波跳频OFDM系统,并在其接收端采用非相干序列检测和迭代译码相结合的联合迭代解调译码算法。该联合迭代解调译码算法可以降低差分检测时所导致的性能损失,同时,也可以提高短波FH/OFDM系统的可靠性。仿真结果表明:该方法可使其系统在短波信道中获得较好的比特误码性能,当Eb/N0＝5.5 dB时,其系统的比特误码率可达到10-5,数据传输速率达到8.912 kb/s,显然,该联合迭代译码解调算法是适合短波FH/OFDM系统的。     

短波COFDM空、时、频系统迭代检测算法

短波信道是一个复杂的时变信道,多径效应、本振频偏、多普勒频移和时变衰落都为OFDM技术的应用造成了很大困难.本文设计的COFDM短波多天线接收系统,分别采用了多天线接收,串行级联卷积码(SCCC)编码,OFDM调制,可以分别达到空间、时间和频率上面的分集,从而改善了系统的性能.采用基于期望最大化(EM)算法与MAP译码算法相结合的迭代频偏、信道跟踪和信号检测算法.可以有效地克服短波时变信道的影响.计算机仿真结果表明,本文算法随着迭代次数的增多系统性能得到优化,而且,多天线系统比单天线系统有更好频偏、信道跟踪和信号检测性能.     

基于低密度校验码的OFDM编码调制译码算法

低密度校验码(LDPC)具有编码增益高、译码速度快、性能接近Shannon限的优点。LDPC码应用于OFDM，能有效地提高多径环境下OFDM的BER性能。本文首先简单介绍LDPC码及其概率域上的译码算法，在此基础上对译码算法作融合，阐述概率似然比的译码算法。为了把LDPC应用于OFDM系统上，提出了多电平调制下的LDPC译码的算法。仿真结果表明，在AWGN和Rayleigh信道下，此算法正确有效。     

短波OFDM系统中基于迭代插值的信道估计

经典的线性插值算法具有实现简单的优点,但短波信道是靠电离层反射进行通信,而电离层的分布是随机变化的,导致短波信道随机变化.所以数据子载波的频域响应与相邻导频子载波频域响应之间不再满足线性关系,即线性插值算法不适用于短波OFDM系统中.基于此提出了一种迭代的插值算法,该算法利用了两个距离最近的子载波的信道响应的相关性越大的原理,利用信号的相关性进行迭代,从而得出频域的信道估计.仿真表明,该插值算法有效拟合了短波信道特性曲线,降低了系统的误比特率和均方误差.     

OFDM系统中一种新型盲载波频偏估计

正交频分复用(OFDM)是一种能够有效地抗频率选择性衰落的技术。由于载波频偏的存在会引起载波间干扰,导致系统性能的严重下降。在分析载波频偏对系统影响的基础上,提出了一种联合译码的新型盲频偏估计算法。该算法只需要一个OFDM符号,将BICM译码的硬判决反馈信息作为虚拟训练序列,利用该反馈信号与接收信号的相关性进行频偏估计。通过BICM迭代译码,更新译码反馈信息,提高频偏估计精度。仿真结果表明,提出的算法经过3次迭代,可以有效地进行频偏估计。     

空时分块编码OFDM系统的Turbo均衡

研究了空时分块编码的OFDM（正交频分复用）系统,对系统进行了Turbo均衡,并讨论了此时系统的译码算法和均衡算法。系统信道编码采用Turbo码,通过对BCJR（Bahl,Cocke,Jelinek,Raviv）算法的简单修改得到SISO（单输入单输出）MAP（最大后验概率）译码算法;均衡器采用SISOMMSE（最小均方差）Turbo均衡算法,并利用OFDM系统的循环前缀特性进一步降低算法复杂度。通过仿真对系统性能进行了比较分析,仿真结果表明,采用迭代均衡的空时分块编码OFDM系统性能要明显优于未空时编码和未迭代均衡的OFDM系统。     

基于整体最小二乘的联合信道估计及OFDM信号检测算法

针对现有的联合信道估计及OFDM信号检测算法性能不高的问题,该文提出一种基于整体最小二乘的联合信道估计及OFDM信号检测算法。该算法首先通过导频估计初始的信道信息,在此基础上不断地采用整体最小二乘进行OFDM信号检测及信道估计,有效缓解迭代模型误差的影响,加快了算法迭代的收敛速度,提高了信道估计的精度,从而降低了OFDM系统的误码率。该文推导的信道估计克拉美罗界及仿真结果均表明所提出的算法在时变信道环境下优于现有的联合信道估计及OFDM信号检测算法。     

基于低密度奇偶校验码和非对称限幅光正交频分复用技术的大气激光通信系统性能

研究了一种光功率效率高的非对称限幅光正交频分复用(OFDM)调制技术,通过对信号的非对称削减,将OFDM调制技术运用到光通信领域。将这种非对称限幅光OFDM技术运用到大气激光通信系统中,分析了采用非对称限幅光OFDM技术大气激光通信系统在大气湍流信道下的性能。在此基础上,将低密度奇偶校验(LDPC)码和置信传播迭代译码算法应用到大气激光通信系统中,并结合非对称限幅光OFDM强度调制方案,在大气湍流信道中进行了仿真。仿真结果表明,LDPC码具有优越的纠错能力并获得了较大的编码增益,该方案可以满足大气激光通信系统的需要。     

BICM-OFDM系统中基于ML算法的迭代频偏估计

正交频分复用(OFDM)联合比特交织编码调制(BICM),是一种能够有效地抗频率选择性衰落的技术.由于载波频偏的存在会引起载波间干扰,导致系统性能的严莺下降.针对BICM-OFDM系统提出了一种基于最大似然(ML)估计的迭代频偏估计算法.该算法充分利用了译码信息,分两步进行.首先,利用最大似然估计进行初始频偏估计,然后再利用BICM译码的硬判决反馈信息进行残留频偏估计.通过BICM迭代译码,更新译码反馈信息,提高频偏估计精度.在短波宽带信道下的仿真结果表明,在频偏为0～0.2的范围内,提出的算法经过3次迭代可有效地进行频偏估计.与传统最大似然估计算法相比,本文提出的算法提高了低信噪比下的频偏估计精度,并且提高了频偏估计范围.     

一种适用于Turbo译码的新型迭代停止算法

针对Turbo码迭代译码延时大的问题,本文提出了一种加速译码的新型迭代停止方法,该方法利用了两个分量译码器输出的对数似然比LLR(Logarithm Likelihood Ratio)的统计特性,简称为LCB(LLR Characters Based)算法.同现存的经典停止准则相比,在相同的比特误码率性能下,新方法有效的降低了译码平均迭代次数,加速了Turbo码译码,可应用于流媒体信号传输系统.     

Development of the readout system for waveguide multilayer optical card

Waveguide multilayer optical card （WMOC） is a novel storage device of three-dimensional optical information. An advanced readout system fitting for the WMOC is introduced in this paper. The hardware mainly consists of the light source for reading, WMOC, motorized stages addressing unit, microscope imaging unit, CCD detecting unit and PC controlling ＆ processing unit. The movement of the precision motorized stage is controlled by the computer through Visual Basic （VB） language in software. A control panel is also designed to get the layer address and the page address through which the position of the motorized stages can be changed. The WMOC readout system is easy to manage and the readout result is directly displayed on computer monitor.     

Nanoimprint Lithography -A Next Generation High Volume Lithography Technique

IntroductionNanoimprint Lithography is a well-acknowl-edged low cost, high resolution, large area pattern-ing process. It includes the most promising methods,high-pressure hot embossing lithography (HEL) [2],UV-cured imprinting (UV-NIL) [3] and micro contactprinting (m-CP, MCP) [4]. Curing of the imprintedstructures is either done by subsequent UV-lightexposure in the case of UV-NIL or by cooling downbelow the glass transition temperature of the ther-moplastic material in case of HEL…     

Collinear phase-matching study of terahertz-wave generation via difference frequency mixed in GaAs and Inp

The collinearly phase-matching condition of terahertz-wave generation via difference frequency mixed in GaAs and InP is theoretically studied. In collinear phase-matching, the optimum phase-matching wave hands of these two crystals are calculated. The optimum phase-matching wave bands in GaAs and lnP are 0.95-1.38μm and 0.7-0.96μm respectively. The influence of the wavelength choice of the pump wave on the coherent length in THz-wave tuning is also discussed. The influence of the temperature alteration on the phase-matching and the temperature tuning properties in GaAs crystal are calculated and analyzed. It can serve for the following experiments as a theoretical evidence and a reference as well.     

Effects of the alloy compositions on the phonon-polaritons in ternary mixed crystals

Composition dependence of bulk and surface phonon-polaritons in ternary mixed crystals are studied in the framework of the modified random-element-isodisplacement model and the Bom-Huang approximation. The numerical results for Several Ⅱ - Ⅵ and Ⅲ- Ⅴ compound systems are performed, and the polariton frequencies as functions of the compositions for ternary mixed crystals AlxGa1-xAs, GaPxAS1-x, ZnSxSe1-x, GaAsxSb1-x, GaxIn1-xP, and ZnxCd1-xS as examples are given and discussed. The results show that the dependence of the energies of two branches of bulk phonon-polaritons which have phonon-like characteristics, and surface phonon-polaritons on the compositions of ternary mixed crystals are nonlinear and different from those of the corresponding binary systems.     

Influence of PVK ： NPB hole transporting layer on the characteristics of organic light-emitting devices

A doping system consisting of NPB and PVK is employed as a composite hole transporting layer （CHTL）. By adjusting the component ratio of the doping system, a series of devices with different concentration proportion of PVK ： NPB are constracted. The result shows that doping concentration of NPB enhances the competence of hole transporting ability, and modifies the recombination region of charge as well as affects the surface morphology of doped film. Optimum device with a maximum brightness of 7852 cd/m^2 and a power efficiency of 1.75 lm/W has been obtained by choosing a concentration proportion of PVK ： NPB at 1：3.     

New insert layer structure OLEDs

An insert layer structure organic electroluminescent device（OLED） based on a new luminescent material （Zn（salen）） is fabricated. The configuration of the device is ITO/CuPc/NPD/Zn（salen）/Liq/LiF/A1/CuPc/NPD/Zn（salen）/Liq/LiF/A1. Effective insert electrode layers comprising LiF（1nm）/Al（5 nm） are used as a single semitransparent mirror, and bilayer cathode LiF（1 nm）/A1（100 nm） is used as a reflecting mirror. The two mirrors form a Fabry-Perot microcavity and two emissive units. The maximum brightness and luminous efficiency reach 674 cd/m^2 and 2.652 cd/A, respectively, which are 2.1 and 3.7 times higher than the conventional device, respectively. The superior brightness and luminous efficiency over conventional single-unit devices are attributed to microcavity effect.     

Analysis of error performance on Turbo coded FDPIM

Due to variable symbol length of digital pulse interval modulation（DPIM）, it is difficult to analyze the error performances of Turbo coded DPIM. To solve this problem, a fixed-length digital pulse interval modulation（FDPIM） method is provided. The FDPIM modulation structure is introduced. The packet error rates of uncoded FDPIM are analyzed and compared with that of DPIM. Bit error rates of Turbo coded FDPIM are simulated based on three kinds of analytical models under weak turbulence channel. The results show that packet error rate of uncoded FDPIM is inferior to that of uncoded DPIM. However, FDPIM is easy to be implemented and easy to be combined, with Turbo code for soft-decision because of its fixed length. Besides, the introduction of Turbo code in this modulation can decrease the average power about 10 dBm, which means that it can improve the error performance of the system effectively.     

A method for calculating the center position of collimated light

It is a key problem to accurately calculate beam spots＇ center of measuring the warp by using a collimated laser. A new method, named double geometrical center method （DGCM）, is put forward for the first time. In this method, a plane wave perpendicularly irradiates an aperture stop, and a charge couple device （CCD） is employed to receive the diffraction-beam spots, then the geometrical centers of the fast and the second diffraction-beam spots are calculated respectively, and their mean value is regarded as the center of datum beam. In face of such adverse instances as laser intension distributing defectively, part of the image being saturated, this method can still work well. What＇s more, this method can detect whether an unacceptable error exits in the courses of image receiving, processing and calculating. The experimental results indicate the precision of this method is high.     

Resolution Enhancement Technology:Integrated Process Solutions using OPC

DUV lithography, using the 248 nm wavelength, is a viable manufacturing option for devices with features at 130 nm and less. Given the low kl value of the lithography, integrated process development is a necessary method for achieving acceptable process latitude. The application of assist features for rule based OPC requires the simultaneous optimization of the mask, illumination optics and the resist.Described in this paper are the details involved in optimizing each of these aspects for line and space imaging.A reference pitch is first chosen to determine how the optics will be set. The ideal sigma setting is determined by a simple geometrically derived expression. The inner and outer machine settings are determined, in turn,with the simulation of a figure of merit. The maximum value of the response surface of this FOM occurs at the optimal sigma settings. Experimental confirmation of this is shown in the paper.Assist features are used to modify the aerial image of the more isolated images on the mask. The effect that the diffraction of the scattering bars (SBs) has on the image intensity distribution is explained. Rules for determining the size and placement of SBs are also given.Resist is optimized for use with off-axis illumination and assist features. A general explanation of the material' s effect is discussed along with the affect on the through-pitch bias. The paper culminates with the showing of the lithographic results from the fully optimized system.     

Preparation and Characterization of TaN ALD Precursors

High purity organic-tantalum precursors for thin film ALD TaN were synthesized and characterized.Vapor pressure and thermal stability of these precursors were studied.From the vapor pressure analysis,it was found that TBTEMT has a higher vapor pressure than any other published liquid TaN precursor,including TBTDET,TAITMATA,and IPTDET.Thermal stability of the alkyl groups on the precursors was investigated using a 1H NMR technique.The results indicated that the tertbutylimino group is the most stable group on TBTDET and TBTEMT as compared to the dialkylamido groups.Thermal stability of TaN precursors decreased in the following order:TBTDET ＞ PDMAT ＞ TBTEMT.In conclusion,precursor vapor pressure and thermal stability were tuned by making slight variations in the ligand sphere around the metal center.