集成光收发芯片中激光器调制特性研究

文章从理论上研究了一种应用于光纤到户(FTTH)网络中的基于单片集成的双端口光收发芯片,结合器件的结构和参数分析了该产品的直接调制特性,计算了其驰豫振荡、增益抑制和频率啁啾,得到了该器件的直接调制频率限制和频率啁啾效应下的输出光场表达式,并通过仿真分析得出了高频直接调制频率啁啾下的输出光频谱.     

半导体微腔激光器中的自发辐射耦合增强效应

针对半导体微腔激光器的结构特点,以及腔量子电动力学中自发辐射增强效应,采用光增益与载流子密度的对数关系,引入增益饱和项和非辐射复合项的贡献,指出即便是对于理想的封闭微腔,由于非辐射衰减速率的影响,光输出并不随泵浦线性变化。结合频谱和相图分析,给出了自发辐射耦合因子与微腔激光器的辐射阈值、开关延迟时间、驰豫振荡频率和光输出等参量关系的仿真结果,这对于微腔激光器的理论研究和优化器件结构有所裨益。     

基于对数关系的多量子阱VCSELs阈值特性研究

采用光增益与载流子浓度的对数关系，考虑到非辐射复合的影响，从理论上推导出多量子阱垂直腔面发射半导体激光器(VCSELs)的速率方程。讨论了阈值电流密度、最佳阱数等与器件参数(腔长和端面反射率)之间的依赖关系。为改善VCSELs阈值特性和优化器件结构提供了理论依据。     

基于对数关系的多量子阱VCSELs阈值特性研究

采用光增益与载流子浓度的对数关系,考虑到非辐射复合的影响,从理论上推导出多量子阱垂直腔面发射半导体激光器(VCSELs)的速率方程。讨论了阈值电流密度、最佳阱数等与器件参数(腔长和端面反射率)之间的依赖关系。为改善VCSELs阈值特性和优化器件结构提供了理论依据。     

半导体微腔激光器瞬态响应及调制特性分析

针对半导体微腔激光器的结构特点,考虑到腔量子电动力学中自发辐射增强效应,采用传统速率方程的表示形式,建立了微腔激光器的速率方程,着重讨论了微腔激光器的瞬态响应及调制特性,给出了其动态特性的仿真结果,分析了自发辐射因子、注入电流和腔长对微腔激光器的激射阈值、延迟时间、驰豫振荡频率和光输出等参量的影响,从而为改善微腔激光器的高频调制特性和优化器件结构提供了理论依据。     

半导体微腔激光器瞬态响应及调制特性分析

针对半导体微腔激光器的结构特点,考虑到腔量子电动力学中自发辐射增强效应,采用传统速率方程的表示形式,建立了微腔激光器的速率方程,着重讨论了微腔激光器的瞬态响应及调制特性,给出了其动态特性的仿真结果,分析了自发辐射因子、注入电流和腔长对微腔激光器的激射阈值、延迟时间、驰豫振荡频率和光输出等参量的影响,从而为改善微腔激光器的高频调制特性和优化器件结构提供了理论依据.     

VCSELs与EELs多模弛豫振荡的研究

根据多模速率方程,利用MATLAB提供的SIMULINK软件包对垂直腔面发射激光器(VCSELs)和边发射激光器(EELs)多模弛豫振荡进行了研究。结果表明,与单模情况相比,多模时EELs弛豫振荡频率增大、弛豫和延迟时间缩短,而VCSELs动态特性变化不大。与此同时,在得出VCSELs的单模工作、高速调制以及提高偏置电流或自发辐射因子可改善两类器件动态特性等结论外还看到,VCSELs边模抑制比(SMSR)随偏置电流变化率高于EELs;自发辐射因子增大时,边模强度同比例增大、主模强度减小,利用微腔效应有效控制自发辐射因子可以优化VCSELs的单模特性。     

多量子阱半导体激光器的瞬态响应特性分析

根据光增益与载流子密度的对数关系,在受激发射速率中分别引入了增益饱和项和载流子复合项,通过适应于多量子阱激光器的速率方程,从理论上证明了短腔结构存在与阈值电流最小值对应的最佳阱数。给出了多量子阱激光器的瞬态呼应特性的直接仿真结果及相图,分析了注入电流、阱数和腔长对其激射阈值、开关延误时间、弛豫振荡频率和光输出等能量的影响。     

垂直腔面发射激光器的动态特性分析

本文给出了动态的垂直腔面发射速率方程,并由此推出了瞬态下的衰减因子和张弛振荡频率和计算公式,以及小信号调制下的光子、载流子的响应函数表达式。计算结果表明,在瞬态下衰减因子随β的增加明显变大,它使张弛振荡过程变短;在小信号调制下,多量子阱的周期增益结构比一般的垂直腔面发射结构有更大的调制带宽。     

超高速半导体激光器组件调制带宽的研讨

本文叙述了影响超高速半导体激光器组件调制带宽的各种因素:激光器芯片的驰豫振荡频率;芯片及组件的寄生参量以及激光器匹配驱动电路的频率特性。文中还讨论了超高速半导体激光器组件的最佳设计。最后,讨论了进一步提高组件调制带宽的可能性。     

High-speed digital modulation characteristics of oxide-confined vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers-numerical simulations consistent with experimental results

The vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser (VCSEL) is a preferred light source for short-distance high-speed fiber-optic communication links. We simulate the digital modulation behavior of typical oxide-confined VCSELs under realistic working conditions with a comprehensive model that includes the detailed geometry when calculating the optical fields and that accurately accounts for the dynamic effects of carrier density and temperature on the modal distributions. The intrinsic output characteristics of single- and multimode VCSELs were studied as functions of bias and modulation depth under a 2/sup 7/-1 pseudorandom bit sequence current modulation at 2 and 10 Gb/s. The data were used to create numerical eye diagrams that show, e.g., the significant impact of the bit pattern history and the noise on the timing jitter in both single- and multimode VCSELs. For the single-mode VCSEL, the choice of the bias current and modulation depth was less critical due to its higher damping of the relaxation oscillations. The simulated VCSELs were fabricated and experimentally evaluated. The measured eye diagrams showed the same characteristic features as those in the simulations.     

多量子阱VCSELs阈值特性的分析

采用光增益与载流子浓度的对数关系,从理论上推导出量子阱垂直腔面发射半导体激光器的速率方程。比较了三维理想封闭腔与普通开腔中的特性曲线这将对于ＶＣＳＥＬｓ的理论研究和优化器件结构有所裨益。     

Spectral signature of relaxation oscillations in semiconductorlasers

A novel and relatively simple expression is given for the optical spectrum of a single-mode semiconductor laser which, due to the presence of relaxation oscillations, consists of a strong central line with a broad weak sideband at each side. The coupling between phase and amplitude fluctuations is included in this derivation and is shown to result in an asymmetry between the relaxation oscillation sidebands. This asymmetry can be used to determine the linewidth enhancement factor. Using optical heterodyne detection, the spectrum of a Fabry-Perot-type AlGaAs laser has been measured as a function of output power. Information on the dynamics of the relaxation oscillations was thus obtained. The power dependence of the frequency and damping of the relaxation oscillations allowed the spontaneous lifetime and the dependence of the gain on both carrier density (differential gain) and intensity (gain saturation) to be separately determined     

Reduced effective differential gain in diode lasers due toconfinement factor modulation

A reduced effective differential gain is shown to arise in diode lasers by including the modulation of the confinement factor with carrier density. This effective differential gain, not the material gain, is the parameter determined from conventional measurements of the differential gain. This term is in addition to the static reduction in confinement factor with carrier density, and can significantly reduce the resonance frequency and modulation bandwidth for lasers with short cavities and thin active layers     

Dynamic behavior of fundamental-mode stabilized VCSELs using a shallow surface relief

An extensive theoretical study was performed on the dynamic behavior of 850-nm-wavelength oxide-confined fundamental-mode stabilized vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs), using a shallow surface relief. The surface relief is used to provide lower mirror loss for the fundamental mode, thus acting as a mode discriminator. In this way, single-mode operation at high power levels can be obtained. We utilized a comprehensive model that includes the detailed epitaxial layer structure and device geometry when calculating the optical fields and that accurately accounts for the dynamic effects of carrier density and temperature on the modal distributions. Modulation response, eye diagrams, bit error rate (BER), and relative intensity noise (RIN) were simulated and compared to the performance of VCSELs without a mode discriminator, i.e., conventional multimode VCSELs. The fundamental-mode stabilized VCSELs are associated with a higher out-coupling, which lowers the relaxation oscillation frequency and damping, and strong spatial hole burning, which induces a low-frequency roll-off in the modulation response and contributes to the damping of the relaxation oscillation at low bias. However, their dynamics is fully competitive with conventional multimode VCSELs at both 2.5 and 10 Gb/s although they exhibit a slightly higher eye closure. We only found a 0.5-dB power penalty in the BER. The RIN is enhanced, with a peak that is about 10-15 dB higher, caused by the lower damping of the relaxation oscillation. It should be noted that in the comparison we assume that all modes are equally captured from the multimode VCSEL. A mode-selective loss can severely degrade its performance.     

Harmonic and intermodulation distortion in oxide-confined vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers

The nonlinear distortion in single and multimode vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs) under analog modulation was studied both numerically and experimentally. A quasi-three-dimensional time domain model was used to simulate the second-order harmonic and third-order intermodulation distortion in typical GaAs-based oxide-confined VCSELs emitting at 850 nm. The model is based on fundamental interrelated physical processes involving the optical fields and carrier and temperature distributions with no parameter fitting to experimental results. The simulations show that for low modulation frequencies (<2 GHz), the distortion is strongly affected by spatial hole burning, and at higher modulation frequencies, the distortion is dominated by the relaxation oscillation effects. At intermediate frequencies the two effects often cancel, resulting in a significantly lower distortion. Due to mode competition, the multimode VCSEL shows a more unpredictable behavior in the low frequency region. Moreover, in this region, the distortion of an individual mode can be much higher than the distortion of the total output power demonstrating the importance of avoiding mode-selective losses in multimode applications. The general trends observed in the simulations are well reproduced in the experiments.     

Design and optimization of strained-layer-multiquantum-well lasersfor high-speed analog communications

We report on how the contributions from spatial hole burning, gain suppression, and relaxation oscillations to the chirp and harmonic distortion of SL-MQW DFB lasers can be calculated and minimized. It is shown how, by taking into account the specific properties of strained-layer-multiquantum-well (SL-MQW) lasers, simple solutions of the rate equations point the way to a chirp reduction and an increase of the useful bandwidth for analog communications. In such lasers, the absorption is only weakly dependent on the carrier density and therefore the harmonic distortion at lower modulation frequencies is mainly caused by spatial hole burning. Our numerical simulations indicate that in many cases this distortion is seduced by the same measures that reduce the chirp and increase the bandwidth