长/长波双色二类超晶格红外探测器研究

报道了长/长波双色二类超晶格红外焦平面探测器组件的研制。通过能带结构设计和分子束外延技术,获得了表面质量良好的长/长波双色超晶格外延材料。突破了长波超晶格低暗电流钝化、低损伤干法刻蚀等关键技术,制备出像元中心距30 μm的320×256长/长波双色InAs/GaSb超晶格焦平面探测器芯片。将芯片与双色读出电路互连,采用杜瓦封装,与制冷机耦合形成探测器组件。组件双波段50%后截止波长分别为7.7 μm（波段1）和10.0 μm（波段2）。波段1平均峰值探测率达到8.21×10¹⁰ cmW^-1Hz^1/2,NETD实现28.8 mK;波段2平均峰值探测率达到6.15×10¹⁰ cmW^-1Hz^1/2,NETD为37.8 mK,获得了清晰的成像效果,实现长/长波双色探测。     

InAs/GaSb II类超晶格长波红外焦平面探测器研究

InAs/GaSb II类超晶格材料是第三代红外焦平面探测器的优选材料。报道了一种面阵规模为320×256、像元中心距为30 μm的InAs/GaSb II类超晶格长波红外焦平面器件。在77 K时,该器件的平均峰值探测率为7.6×10¹⁰ cm·Hz^1/2·W^-1,盲元率为1.46%,响应非均匀性为7.55%,噪声等效温差(Noise Equivalent Temperature Difference, NETD)为25.5 mK。经计算可知,这种器件的峰值量子效率为26.2%,50%截止波长为9.1 μm。最后对该器件进行了成像演示。结果表明,该研究为后续的相关器件研制奠定了基础。     

短/中波双色碲镉汞红外探测器性能分析研究

介绍了国内外双色红外探测器的发展现状,并报道了中国电子科技集团公司第十一研究所（以下简称“中电十一所”）自行研制的像元间距为30 μm的Si基320×256短/中波双色红外探测器的性能。在77 K测试条件下,短波和中波两个波段的盲元率分别为0.88%和1.47%,平均峰值探测率分别为2.21×10¹² cm·Hz^1/2·W^-1和2.13×10¹¹ cm·Hz^1/2·W^-1,后截止波长分别为3.129 μm和 5.285 μm,且短波向中波波段的光谱串音为1.38%,中波向短波波段的光谱串音为2.82%。同时,该探测器在双波段具有较好的成像效果,为后续更大面阵、更佳性能的多波段探测器研究提供了基础。     

320×256 InAs/GaSb超晶格中/短波双色探测器组件研制

InAs/GaSb超晶格材料制备的新型红外器件在最近十几年得到了迅速发展。文中开展了InAs/GaSb二类超晶格中/短波双色焦平面探测器组件研制,设计了中/短波双色叠层背靠背二极管芯片结构,用分子束外延技术生长出结构完整、表面平整、低缺陷密度的PNP结构超晶格材料,制备出性能优良的320×256双色焦平面探测器组件,对探测器组件进行了测试分析。结果显示,在77 K下中波二极管RA值达到26.0 kΩ·cm2,短波的RA值为562 kΩ·cm2。光谱响应特性表明短波响应波段为1.7~3 μm,中波为3~5 μm,满足设计要求。双色峰值探测率达到中波3.12×1011 cm·Hz1/2W-1,短波1.34×1011 cm·Hz1/2W-1。响应非均匀性中波为9.9%,短波为9.7%。中波有效像元率为98.46%,短波为98.06%。     

InAs基室温中波红外探测器的液相外延生长

材料质量好坏对于获得高性能红外探测器至关重要。提出决定材料质量的关键点在于精准控制材料结构中层与层之间的晶格失配度，报道了晶格失配对材料质量和器件暗电流性能的影响。实验结论表明在液相外延技术生长的InAs/InAsSbP材料体系中，InAs和InAsSbP间的晶格失配不是越小越好，而是有一个最佳值。如果晶格失配偏离这个值，不管是偏大还是偏小，材料的质量都会恶化。阐述了如何调整生长参数以获得合适的晶格失配度。制备了具有适宜晶格失配度的红外探测器件，该探测器零偏压下的室温峰值探测率为6.8×10⁹ cm Hz^1/2W^-1，与国际商用InAs探测器的指标相当。     

基于InAs/GaSb超晶格的中波段红外焦平面材料生长与器件制备

本文展示了基于InAs/GaSb二类超晶格材料的中红外焦平面器件制备研究。探测器材料由400周期的结构为8ML InAs /8ML GaSb 的超晶格构成。超晶格材料通过分子束外延技术在N 型GaSb(100)衬底上生长。超晶格层与GaSb衬底层的失配被降低到148.9ppm,通过高分辨X射线衍射分析得到超晶格层的1级衍射峰半缝宽达到28arcsec.。单元探测器和128×128像元红外焦平面通过柠檬酸系腐蚀配方制备完成。通过I-V测试分析表明器件工艺中的化学和物理钝化能够有效降低器件的表面漏电流。最终单元探测器件在77K温度下50%截止波长为4.73微米,R₀A 达到 10³Ωcm²量级。最后我们对焦平面器件进行了成像实验,测试条件为积分时间0.5ms,光圈F/2.0,器件黑体平均探测率达到2.01 × 10⁹cmHz^1/2W^-1.。     

InAs/GaSb二类超晶格中/短波双色红外焦平面探测器

InAs/GaSb超晶格材料已经成为了第三代红外焦平面探测器的优选材料。开展了InAs/GaSb二类超晶格中/短波双色焦平面探测器器件结构设计、材料外延、芯片制备,对钝化方法进行了研究,制备出性能优良的320256双色焦平面探测器。首先以双色叠层背靠背二极管电压选择结构作为基本结构,设计了中/短波双色芯片结构,然后采用分子束外延技术生长出结构完整、表面平整、低缺陷密度的PNP结构超晶格材料。采用硫化与SiO2复合钝化方法,最终制备的器件在77 K下中波二极管的RA值达到13.6 kcm2,短波达到538 kcm2。光谱响应特性表明短波响应波段为1.7~3 m,中波为3~5 m。双色峰值探测率达到中波3.71011 cmHz1/2W-1以上,短波2.21011 cmHz1/2W-1以上。响应非均匀性中波为9.9%,短波为9.7%。中波有效像元率为98.46%,短波为98.06%。     

320×256元InAs/GaSb II类超晶格中波红外双色焦平面探测器

报道了320×256元InAs/GaSb II类超晶格红外双色焦平面阵列探测器的初步结果.探测器采用PN-NP叠层双色外延结构,信号提取采用顺序读出方式.运用分子束外延技术在GaSb衬底上生长超晶格材料,双波段红外吸收区的超晶格周期结构分别为7 ML InAs/7 ML GaSb和10 ML InAs/10 ML GaSb.焦平面阵列像元中心距为30μm.在77 K时测试,器件双色波段的50%响应截止波长分别为4.2μm和5.5μm,其中N-on-P器件平均峰值探测率达到6.0×10~(10) cmHz~(1/2)W~(-1),盲元率为8.6%;P-on-N器件平均峰值探测率达到2.3×10~9 cmHz~(1/2)W~(-1),盲元率为9.8%.红外焦平面偏压调节成像测试得到较为清晰的双波段成像.     

高量子效率中波InAs/GaSb II类超晶格探测器分子束外延生长及特性

基于分子束外延（MBE）生长技术获得了高量子效率的InAs/GaSb T2SLs中波红外（MWIR）光电探测器结构材料,表现出了层状结构生长的光滑表面和出色的晶体结构均匀性。此超晶格中波红外探测器的50%截止波长约为5.5 μm,峰值响应率为2.6 A/W,77 K下量子效率超过了80%,与碲镉汞的量子效率相当。在77 K,-50 mV偏压下的暗电流密度为1.8×10^-6 A/cm²,最大电阻面积乘积（RA）（-50 mV偏压）为3.8×10⁵Ω·cm²,峰值探测率达到了6.1×10¹² cm Hz^{1 / 2}/W。     

双层异质结碲镉汞甚长波红外焦平面探测器研究进展

报道了甚长波碲镉汞红外焦平面探测器的最新研究进展。采用水平液相外延In掺杂和垂直液相外延As掺杂技术生长p-on-n异质结材料,并基于湿法腐蚀、表侧壁钝化、In柱互连工艺,制备了第一支甚长波碲镉汞台面型焦平面器件。在60 K的工作温度下,该器件的截止波长达到14.28 μm,有效像元率为94.5%,平均峰值探测率达到8.98×10¹⁰ cm·Hz^1/2·W^-1。     

Development of the readout system for waveguide multilayer optical card

Waveguide multilayer optical card （WMOC） is a novel storage device of three-dimensional optical information. An advanced readout system fitting for the WMOC is introduced in this paper. The hardware mainly consists of the light source for reading, WMOC, motorized stages addressing unit, microscope imaging unit, CCD detecting unit and PC controlling ＆ processing unit. The movement of the precision motorized stage is controlled by the computer through Visual Basic （VB） language in software. A control panel is also designed to get the layer address and the page address through which the position of the motorized stages can be changed. The WMOC readout system is easy to manage and the readout result is directly displayed on computer monitor.     

Nanoimprint Lithography -A Next Generation High Volume Lithography Technique

IntroductionNanoimprint Lithography is a well-acknowl-edged low cost, high resolution, large area pattern-ing process. It includes the most promising methods,high-pressure hot embossing lithography (HEL) [2],UV-cured imprinting (UV-NIL) [3] and micro contactprinting (m-CP, MCP) [4]. Curing of the imprintedstructures is either done by subsequent UV-lightexposure in the case of UV-NIL or by cooling downbelow the glass transition temperature of the ther-moplastic material in case of HEL…     

Collinear phase-matching study of terahertz-wave generation via difference frequency mixed in GaAs and Inp

The collinearly phase-matching condition of terahertz-wave generation via difference frequency mixed in GaAs and InP is theoretically studied. In collinear phase-matching, the optimum phase-matching wave hands of these two crystals are calculated. The optimum phase-matching wave bands in GaAs and lnP are 0.95-1.38μm and 0.7-0.96μm respectively. The influence of the wavelength choice of the pump wave on the coherent length in THz-wave tuning is also discussed. The influence of the temperature alteration on the phase-matching and the temperature tuning properties in GaAs crystal are calculated and analyzed. It can serve for the following experiments as a theoretical evidence and a reference as well.     

Effects of the alloy compositions on the phonon-polaritons in ternary mixed crystals

Composition dependence of bulk and surface phonon-polaritons in ternary mixed crystals are studied in the framework of the modified random-element-isodisplacement model and the Bom-Huang approximation. The numerical results for Several Ⅱ - Ⅵ and Ⅲ- Ⅴ compound systems are performed, and the polariton frequencies as functions of the compositions for ternary mixed crystals AlxGa1-xAs, GaPxAS1-x, ZnSxSe1-x, GaAsxSb1-x, GaxIn1-xP, and ZnxCd1-xS as examples are given and discussed. The results show that the dependence of the energies of two branches of bulk phonon-polaritons which have phonon-like characteristics, and surface phonon-polaritons on the compositions of ternary mixed crystals are nonlinear and different from those of the corresponding binary systems.     

Influence of PVK ： NPB hole transporting layer on the characteristics of organic light-emitting devices

A doping system consisting of NPB and PVK is employed as a composite hole transporting layer （CHTL）. By adjusting the component ratio of the doping system, a series of devices with different concentration proportion of PVK ： NPB are constracted. The result shows that doping concentration of NPB enhances the competence of hole transporting ability, and modifies the recombination region of charge as well as affects the surface morphology of doped film. Optimum device with a maximum brightness of 7852 cd/m^2 and a power efficiency of 1.75 lm/W has been obtained by choosing a concentration proportion of PVK ： NPB at 1：3.     

New insert layer structure OLEDs

An insert layer structure organic electroluminescent device（OLED） based on a new luminescent material （Zn（salen）） is fabricated. The configuration of the device is ITO/CuPc/NPD/Zn（salen）/Liq/LiF/A1/CuPc/NPD/Zn（salen）/Liq/LiF/A1. Effective insert electrode layers comprising LiF（1nm）/Al（5 nm） are used as a single semitransparent mirror, and bilayer cathode LiF（1 nm）/A1（100 nm） is used as a reflecting mirror. The two mirrors form a Fabry-Perot microcavity and two emissive units. The maximum brightness and luminous efficiency reach 674 cd/m^2 and 2.652 cd/A, respectively, which are 2.1 and 3.7 times higher than the conventional device, respectively. The superior brightness and luminous efficiency over conventional single-unit devices are attributed to microcavity effect.     

Analysis of error performance on Turbo coded FDPIM

Due to variable symbol length of digital pulse interval modulation（DPIM）, it is difficult to analyze the error performances of Turbo coded DPIM. To solve this problem, a fixed-length digital pulse interval modulation（FDPIM） method is provided. The FDPIM modulation structure is introduced. The packet error rates of uncoded FDPIM are analyzed and compared with that of DPIM. Bit error rates of Turbo coded FDPIM are simulated based on three kinds of analytical models under weak turbulence channel. The results show that packet error rate of uncoded FDPIM is inferior to that of uncoded DPIM. However, FDPIM is easy to be implemented and easy to be combined, with Turbo code for soft-decision because of its fixed length. Besides, the introduction of Turbo code in this modulation can decrease the average power about 10 dBm, which means that it can improve the error performance of the system effectively.     

A method for calculating the center position of collimated light

It is a key problem to accurately calculate beam spots＇ center of measuring the warp by using a collimated laser. A new method, named double geometrical center method （DGCM）, is put forward for the first time. In this method, a plane wave perpendicularly irradiates an aperture stop, and a charge couple device （CCD） is employed to receive the diffraction-beam spots, then the geometrical centers of the fast and the second diffraction-beam spots are calculated respectively, and their mean value is regarded as the center of datum beam. In face of such adverse instances as laser intension distributing defectively, part of the image being saturated, this method can still work well. What＇s more, this method can detect whether an unacceptable error exits in the courses of image receiving, processing and calculating. The experimental results indicate the precision of this method is high.     

Resolution Enhancement Technology:Integrated Process Solutions using OPC

DUV lithography, using the 248 nm wavelength, is a viable manufacturing option for devices with features at 130 nm and less. Given the low kl value of the lithography, integrated process development is a necessary method for achieving acceptable process latitude. The application of assist features for rule based OPC requires the simultaneous optimization of the mask, illumination optics and the resist.Described in this paper are the details involved in optimizing each of these aspects for line and space imaging.A reference pitch is first chosen to determine how the optics will be set. The ideal sigma setting is determined by a simple geometrically derived expression. The inner and outer machine settings are determined, in turn,with the simulation of a figure of merit. The maximum value of the response surface of this FOM occurs at the optimal sigma settings. Experimental confirmation of this is shown in the paper.Assist features are used to modify the aerial image of the more isolated images on the mask. The effect that the diffraction of the scattering bars (SBs) has on the image intensity distribution is explained. Rules for determining the size and placement of SBs are also given.Resist is optimized for use with off-axis illumination and assist features. A general explanation of the material' s effect is discussed along with the affect on the through-pitch bias. The paper culminates with the showing of the lithographic results from the fully optimized system.     

Preparation and Characterization of TaN ALD Precursors

High purity organic-tantalum precursors for thin film ALD TaN were synthesized and characterized.Vapor pressure and thermal stability of these precursors were studied.From the vapor pressure analysis,it was found that TBTEMT has a higher vapor pressure than any other published liquid TaN precursor,including TBTDET,TAITMATA,and IPTDET.Thermal stability of the alkyl groups on the precursors was investigated using a 1H NMR technique.The results indicated that the tertbutylimino group is the most stable group on TBTDET and TBTEMT as compared to the dialkylamido groups.Thermal stability of TaN precursors decreased in the following order:TBTDET ＞ PDMAT ＞ TBTEMT.In conclusion,precursor vapor pressure and thermal stability were tuned by making slight variations in the ligand sphere around the metal center.