Nb的添加对Fe3B/Nd2Fe14B纳米永磁体磁性能与微观结构的影响

研究了微量合金元素Nb的添加对Fe3B／Nd2Fe14B型纳米复合永磁体微观结构与磁性能的影响规律。结果表明,添加Nb元素可以稳定非晶相,阻碍Fe3B粒子的结晶动力学。Nd5．5Fe70．0Co5Cu0．5Nb0．5B18．5非5晶合金在640℃退火处理30min可获得最佳磁性能：Br=1．05T,JHc=367kA／m,(BH)max=80．2kJ／m^3。Nb与Cu的复合添加对Fe3B晶粒的细化效果更显著;Nb元素的添加可以提高合金的磁性能,但添加量必须适中。     

歧化氢压对Nd12.5Fe80.4-xCoxGa0.5Zr0.1B6.5各向异性HDDR磁粉性能的影响

主要研究了d-HDDR工艺及添加合金元素Co对Nd12.5Fe80.4-xCoxGa0.5Zr0.1B6.5(x=0、4、8、12、15)合金磁性能的影响规律.结果表明,氢压是HDDR磁粉吸氢歧化产生磁各向异性的重要敏感因素,0.025MPa的歧化氢压对提高磁粉的各向异性具有最好的效果,磁能积达到:Br=1.252T,jHc=768.7kA/m,(BH)max=253.4kJ/m3,DOA=0.58.(合金元素Co的添加有益于HDDR磁粉磁性能改善,在0～15%(原子分数),随着Co含量增加d-HDDR磁粉的磁能积逐渐增大.     

纳米晶复合Nd9.5Fe81-xCoxZr3B6.5永磁材料磁性能的研究

采用熔体快淬及晶化退火工艺制备了Nd9.5Fe81-xCoxZr3B6.5(x=0、2、5、8、10)纳米晶合金条带,研究了Co的添加对快淬合金磁性能和居里温度的影响.结果表明,适量Co元素的添加能够有效降低各相晶粒的尺寸,增强了软、硬磁相晶粒的交换耦合作用,从而提高了合金的磁性能.Co含量为5%(原子分数)的合金,经670℃/4min的晶化处理后所得到的最佳磁性能为`Br=0.90T,jHc=588kA/m,(BH)max=117kJ/m3.     

Cr对纳米晶复合Nd2Fe14 B/α-Fe永磁材料磁性能的影响

采用快淬和晶化退火法制备了成分为Nd8.5Fe75-xCo5Cu1Nb1Zr3CrxB6.5(x=0.5,1,2)的纳米晶复合永磁合金.研究了Cr的添加对合金晶粒尺寸及磁性能的影响,结果表明适量Cr的添加能有效抑制磁性相晶粒长大,提高了合金的矫顽力.Cr含量为1%(at%),快淬速度为15.0m/s的合金经690℃/4min的晶化处理,由晶化磁粉粘结所得到的磁体最佳磁性能为:Br=0.62T,jHc=806.4kA/m,(BH)max=69.0kJ/m3.     

纳米晶复合Nd9.5Fe76Co5Zr3-xNbxB6.5（x=0～3.0）粘结磁体的磁性能和温度系数的研究

采用熔体快淬法及真空退火工艺制备了Nd9.5Fe76Co5Zr3-xNbxB6.5(x=0～3.0)粘结磁体,研究了其磁性能及温度系数。结果表明,随着Nb含量的增加,合金剩磁逐渐提高,磁能积和矫顽力呈现先增大后减小的趋势。Zr元素与Nb元素复合添加,能够有效地改善矫顽力温度系数β。经最佳条件退火处理后制备的Nd9.5Fe76Co5Zr1.5Nb1.5B6.5的粘结磁体,具有最优的综合磁性能:Br=0.717T,Hcj=773kA/m,(BH)max=82kJ/m3,α20～150℃=-0.111%/℃,β20～150℃=-0.356%/℃。     

Nd13Fe80.1-xTixB6.5Zr0.1Cu0.3永磁合金磁性能研究

HDDR(氢化-歧化-脱氢-再结合)工艺是制备各向异性Nd2Fe14B基磁粉的有效方法.主要研究了改进的d-HDDR工艺及添加合金元素Ti对Nd13Fe80.1-xTixB6.5Zr0.1Cu0.3(x=0、1.0、2.0)合金磁性能的影响规律.结果表明,d-HDDR工艺中吸氢氢压和歧化时间是促使材料产生磁各向异性的#合金经d-HDDR工艺处理,其最佳磁性能为:Br=1.39T;iHc=1006kA/m;(BH)max=169.66kJ/m3;DOA=0.797.关键;合金元素Ti使NdFeB合金矫顽力显著提高,其作用主要体现在两方面:一方面是在晶界间形成低熔物,抑制晶粒长大、细化晶粒,改善富Nd相的组织结构,使富Nd相沿边界更加均匀地分布;另外,Ti元素使Nd2Fe14B晶界平直而清晰,主相晶粒表面各向异性提高,反磁化畴难以形核,从而使矫顽力提高,其最佳添加量为1.0%(原子分数).成分为Nd13Fe79.1Ti1.0B6.5Zr0.1Cu0.3 的2#合金经d-HDDR工艺处理,其最佳磁性能为:"Br=1.39T;iHc=1006kA/m;(BH)max=169.66kJ/m3;DOA=0.797.     

纳米晶复合Nd10Fe76B10Nb4-xZrx（x=0～4）永磁合金的磁性能研究

采用熔体快淬法制备了成分为Nd10Fe76B10Nb4-xZrx(x=0～4)的合金条带,退火处理后得到了纳米晶复合永磁合金。利用振动样品磁强计(VSM)分析了该合金体系的退磁曲线、磁交互作用曲线(δM-H曲线)、磁化率χ随外加磁场变化曲线,研究了其磁性能及软、硬磁性相间的交换耦合作用的变化。结果表明,添加适量的Zr元素可细化晶粒,从而有效地增强合金中软、硬磁性相间的交换耦合作用,进而提高合金的综合磁性能。当Zr含量为2%(原子分数)时,制得的合金具有最佳的综合磁性能:jHc=1059.16kA/m,Br=1.08T,(BH)max=185.72kJ/m3。     

纳米晶复合Nd8.5Fe76.6-xGaxCo5Zr2.7B6.2(x=0～0.5) 粘结磁体磁性能的研究

采用快淬和晶化退火法制备了成分为Nd8.5Fe76.6-xGaxCo5Zr2.7B6.2(x=0～0.5)的纳米晶复合永磁粘结磁体,研究了其磁性能的变化.结果表明,适量Ga元素的添加能有效提高磁体退磁曲线的方形度,进而提高磁体的最大磁能积.Ga含量0.2%(原子分数),快淬速度为16.0m/s的合金经670℃/4min的晶化处理后,制得的粘结磁体具有较佳的磁性能:Br=0.745T,jHc=730.1kA/m,(BH)max=80.1kJ/m3.适量的Ga元素的添加可以提高磁体的温度稳定性.Ga含量为0.2%(原子分数)的合金具有较好的温度系数,在25～150℃温度区间内剩磁温度系数α=-0.091%/℃,内禀矫顽力温度系数β=-0.353%/℃.     

Nd2Fe14B/α-Fe纳米复相永磁合金微结构的形成

研究了使用不同快淬速度制备的Nd3 6Pr5 4Fe83Co3B5合金中Nd2Fe14B/α-Fe复合纳米晶结构的形成.采用X射线(XRD)、透射显微(TEM)分析技术和振动样品磁强计(VSM)观测和测量了材料的微结构和磁性.结果表明,使用最佳淬速(20m/s)形成的Nd2Fe14B/α-Fe复合纳米晶结构晶粒细小,晶粒尺寸均匀Nd2Fe14B相和α-Fe相的平均晶粒尺寸分别为14nm、16nm.合金中α-Fe相的体积分数为48.6%.纳米晶合金的磁性能为Jr=1.108T,Hc=446.5kA/m,(BH)max=193.6kJ/m3,剩磁比Jr/Js=0.736.     

Ag、Cu添加对Fe40Co40Zr6Mo4B10合金热稳定性和磁性能的影响

采用单辊快淬法制备Fe40Co40Zr6Mo4B10、Fe40Co40Zr6Mo4B9Ag1和Fe40Co40Zr6Mo4B9Cu1三种非晶合金,在不同温度下对3种合金进行热处理。利用DSC、XRD、VSM对合金的热性能、微观结构和磁性能进行测试。结果发现,Ag和Cu元素的添加均提高了合金的热稳定性,同时也降低了合金的矫顽力。Cu元素的添加作用更为明显。Fe40Co40Zr6Mo4B9Cu1合金具有相对高的热稳定性能和低的矫顽力。     

机械球磨制备纳米双相Nd2Fe14B/α-Fe永磁材料及晶化行为研究

机械球磨氲气保护下的铸态Nd8Fe86B6合金,并进行晶化处理,制备了纳米双相Nd2Fe14B/α-Fe永磁材料.用XRD、TEM和DSC等手段研究了不同球磨工艺和晶化处理工艺对纳米双相Nd8Fe86B6材料组织结构影响.同时研究了非晶态Nd8Fe86B6材料的晶化行为.结果表明延长球磨时间,Nd2Fe14B相迅速细化形成非晶,α-Fe的晶粒尺寸逐渐减小,25h后趋于定值(约为7nm).球磨时间越长,所需完全晶化的温度越高,晶化后粉末的晶粒越小且越均匀.在晶化过程中,非晶态Nd8Fe86B6首先形成Nd4 4Fe77.8B17.8、Nd1.1Fe4B4、Nd2Fe14B和α-Fe四相混合物.升高温度,最后得到Nd2Fe14B相和α-Fe相,但最终产物中仍有少量未分解的Nd1.1Fe4B4相.     

Cr5Si3B and Hf5Si3B: New MAB phases with anisotropic electrical,mechanical properties and damage tolerance

Through a combination of electronic structure,chemical bonding and mechanical property investigations,anisotropic electrical and mechanical properties,and damage tolerant ability of MAB phases Cr_5Si_3B and Hf_5Si_3B are predicted.The anisotropic electrical conductivity is due to the anisotropic distribution of Cr in Cr_5Si_3B and Hf in Hf_5Si_3B,which mainly contribute to the electrical conductivity.The anisotropic mechanical properties are underpinned by the anisotropic chemical bonding within the crystal structures of Cr_5Si_3B and Hf_5Si_3B.The high stiffness is determined by the strong covalent-ionic Cr1 B Cr1 and Cr1 Si bonds in Cr_5Si_3B and the ionic-covalent Hf1 B Hf1 and Si B bonds in Hf_5Si_3B;while the low shear deformation resistance is attributed to the presence of metallic Cr Cr,Hf Hf and Si Si bond.Based on the low Pugh’s ratio,Cr_5Si_3B and Hf_5Si_3B are predicted tolerant to damage.The possible cleavage plane is(0001)and the possible slip systems are1 100|{11 20}and11 20|{0001}for both Cr_5Si_3B and Hf_5Si_3B.     

La2Fe14B和Ce2Fe14B合金在快淬和热处理过程中相析出行为的比较

研究了溶体快淬三元La_2Fe_(14)B和Ce_2Fe_(14)B合金的相析出行为和磁性能,对不同快淬速度(10~50 m/s)和不同热处理温度下制备的样品进行了系统分析。结果表明,通过直接快淬,La_2Fe_(14)B合金中不能形成2∶14∶1硬磁相,而Ce_2Fe_(14)B合金可以获得2∶14∶1相。La_2Fe_(14)B合金在10m/s快淬时主要由La和α-Fe相组成,而Ce_2Fe_(14)B合金中2∶14∶1硬磁相在10m/s和20m/s快淬时析出。随着辊速的增加,非晶相逐渐增多并成为主相。在热处理过程中,La_2Fe_(14)B合金析出相以α-Fe和La相为主,并且高温下液态的富La相和α-Fe相可以共存;而Ce_2Fe_(14)B合金中先析出α-Fe,后析出2∶14∶1硬磁相,随后析出相长大。结果还表明,La_2Fe_(14)B比Ce_2Fe_(14)B有更高的非晶居里温度和更低的α-Fe相析出温度。由于硬磁相的析出,Ce_2Fe_(14)B合金可以获得较好的硬磁性能,包括一定的矫顽力。此研究对含La、Ce稀土永磁材料的生产具有一定的指导作用。     

Nd2Fe14B/(α-Fe,Fe3B)复合纳米晶的生长动力学研究

采用X射线衍射分析(XRD)研究了Fe-Co-Nd-Dy-B非晶合金晶化过程中α-Fe、Fe3B纳米晶的生长动力学.根据纳米晶生长达到稳定状态所需的时间常数tE与退火温度Ta的关系,计算了α-Fe和Fe3B纳米晶的生长激活能为Egα-Fe=95±2 kJ/mol和E Fe3B=133±13 kJ/mol.该值远小于α-Fe和Fe3B两相的表观晶化激活能Ecα-Fe=555 kJ/mol和EcFe3B=481 kJ/mol.这表明Fe-Co-Nd-Dy-B非晶合金晶化过程中α-Fe和Fe3B纳米晶的形成主要由成核所控制.     

Conditions of formation and magnetic properties of tetragonal Fe14La2B

Tetragonal Fe₁₄La₂B (a = 0.883 nm, c = 1.236 nm)is stable below 860°C. At 25°C it has a magnetization approaching 1.1 T in a field of 2000 kA/m. Its anisotropy field is considerably lower than that of related Fe₁₄Nd₂B or Fe₁₄Pr₂B.     

各向异性Nd2Fe14B／α-Fe纳米晶复合磁体的制备和性能

采用声化学法、放电等离子烧结技术(SPS)和热变形工艺制备致密各向同性和各向异性Nd_2Fe_(14)B/αFe复合磁体,研究了软磁相包覆对磁体的结构和性能的影响.结果表明,软磁相α-Fe对各向同性Nd_2Fe_(14)B/α-Fe复合磁体的影响主要表现为增强两相间的交换耦合作用,从而提高剩磁.当α-Fe体积分数的数值适当(不超过2%)时,各向异性Nd_2Fe_(14)B/α-Fe磁体形成较好的c轴晶体织构,具有较高的磁性能.α-Fe体积分数为1%的磁体性能最高:B_r=1.367 T,H_(ci)=712 kA/m,(BH)_m=327 kJ/m~3.     

Magnetic Domain Imaging of Nd2Fe14B Single Crystals With Unmodified Scanning Electron Microscopy

The stray flux manifestations of surface magnetic domains found in as-grown Nd₂Fe₁₄B single crystals were observed by conventional scanning electron microscopy (SEM) without instrumental modifications. Kerr optical microscopy was employed to confirm the results obtained by SEM. Spike domains were observed on the (001) plane, while a lozenge-type domain pattern was observed on (223) plane of Nd₂Fe₁₄B. A modified image-distortion mode was applied to image the three-dimensional stray flux emanating from the sample. The optimum scanning electron microscope imaging conditions are attained with an incident-electron energy set at 5 to 6kV, which produced images with resolution on the order of 1μm. The simplicity of the technique and the ready adaptability of the SEM to such modifications as in situ current and magnetic field application suggest the extension of these to investigations of other materials of technological interest, such as perpendicular media disks.     

Study of the formation of crystal texture in α-Fe/Nd2Fe14B nanocomposite magnets prepared by controlled melt-spinning

For further improving the magnetic properties of nanocomposite magnets, the study of the formation of crystal textures in the hard magnetic phase is of great significance. In the present study, a strong (00l) crystal texture with the c-axis perpendicular to the ribbon plane was obtained in Nd₂Fe₁₄B nanocrystals in the α-Fe/Nd₂Fe₁₄B nanocomposite magnets prepared by the controlled melt-spinning of NdPrFeCoB. The intensity of the texture weakens from the free surface layer of the ribbon to the layer attached with the wheel. The oriented Nd₂Fe₁₄B crystals have a fine equiaxed characteristic, d = 36 nm, in the layer attached with the wheel and a coarse columnar characteristic, d = 69 nm, in the layer near the free surface. The formation of the crystal texture in the Nd₂Fe₁₄B nanocrystals is attributed to a large temperature gradient normal to the ribbon plane during the melt-spinning process.     

Invar like properties of transition metal monoborides Mn1−xCrxB and Mn1−xFexB

Lattice parameters of the pseudo-binary monoborides Mn_1?xCr_xB and Mn_1?xFe_xB were studied in the temperature range from 298 to 1000 K. Expansion of the a- and c-axes and contraction of the b- axis are brought about by the ferromagnetic ordering in the composition range near to MnB. The lattice-parameter-composition curve at 973 K shows that the lattice is affected by the local magnetic moment even at higher temperature than the Curie temperature. Paramagnetic susceptibility in these systems was studied and the number of magnetic carriers per atom q_c, deduced from the Curie-Weiss constant, does not always coincide with the number of carriers q_s, deduced from the saturation moment. In the system Mn_1?xCr_xB, the magnetic properties are strongly affected by local fluctuations of the composition.     

Micromagnetic simulation on magnetic properties of Nd2Fe14B/α-Fe nanocomposites with Fe nanowires as the soft phase

Fe nanowire array with strong shape anisotropy was employed as the soft phase in Nd–Fe–B based nanocomposites. The effects of the Fe nanowire distribution on magnetic properties of the nanocomposites were investigated by micromagnetic simulation. The results indicate that the shape anisotropy of Fe wires added in the same direction as the uniaxial magnetocrystalline anisotropy of the hard phase cannot increase the coercivity of the nanocomposite. When the nanowires are distributed perpendicular to the easy axis of the hard phase, the shape anisotropy of soft phase can retard the moments from rotating to the full reversed direction, leading to enhanced coercivity. In addition, with increasing the nanowire diameter, the coercivity of the nanocomposite decreases, but the dipolar interaction shows different roles in magnetic reversal of nanocomposite for different distributions of nanowires. The current results suggest that the coercivity of the Nd₂Fe₁₄B/α-Fe nanocomposite can be enhanced by introducing the soft magnetic nanowire array with the diameter less than the exchange length and with the long axis along the direction other than the easy axis of hard phase.