Ce、Zr改性Mn/ZSM-5分子筛催化剂对C3H6-SCR反应性能的影响

采用浸渍法制备了一系列Ce、Zr改性Mn/ZSM-5分子筛催化剂,对其C_3H_6-SCR(选择性催化还原)反应性能进行了评价,研究了Ce、Zr的引入对Mn/ZSM-5分子筛催化剂选择催化还原NO的影响,并采用X射线衍射、比表面积测量、扫描电子显微镜、NH_3-程序升温脱附(TPD)、H_2-程序升温还原(TPR)等表征手段对催化剂的物理化学性质进行了表征。结果表明:Ce、 Zr改性Mn/ZSM-5分子筛催化剂C_3H_6-SCR反应中表现出较为优异的催化活性,最优配比的20%Mn-7%Ce-1%Zr/ZSM-5催化剂在200℃、30000h~(-1)的空速下,催化剂的最大脱硝效率达到87%,且操作温度窗口T50=150～380℃。活性组分Mn以MnO_2和Mn_2O_3形式存在,且与助剂Ce、Zr高度分散在催化剂表面,而且形成协同作用;催化剂表面的弱酸和中强酸和氧化还原性能的增强有利于C_3H_6-SCR低温催化活性的提高。     

Pd-Cu/凹凸棒石黏土催化剂催化CO氧化性能

以凹凸棒石黏土(APT)作载体,采用浸渍法制备双金属催化剂Pd-Cu/APT、单金属催化剂Pd/APT和Cu/APT,在连续流动微反装置上考察催化剂的CO催化氧化活性,采用N_2物理吸附/脱附、X射线粉末衍射和程序升温还原/脱附等手段对催化剂进行表征。结果表明,Pd-Cu/APT催化剂中Cu主要以CuCl形式存在,Pd高度分散与Cu之间产生了明显的相互作用,使Cu物种的还原温度大幅降低;经水蒸汽预处理增强了Pd-Cu/APT催化剂表面酸性,促进了催化活性的提高。在CO体积分数为0.5%、水蒸汽体积分数3.3%、空速6 000h^(-1)和常温反应条件下,CO转化率可达90%以上。     

钕改性铁基催化剂用于氮氧化物脱除

采用分步浸渍法，分两步将金属铁和钕依次引入商业化成品二氧化钛表面，研究其脱硝性能。通过X射线衍射(XRD)、氮气吸附-脱附(N₂-BET)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)、氨程序升温脱附(NH₃-TPD)、氢气程序升温还原(H₂-TPR)等方法对样品进行表征分析。通过氮气吸附-脱附发现，钕的引入使得负载铁后的催化剂比表面积减小。X射线衍射分析结果表明，引入的金属物种在催化剂表面具有良好的分散性。氨程序升温脱附测试结果显示，钕的引入增加了催化剂的总酸量，同时改变了催化剂的酸性分布。X射线光电子能谱测试结果表明，钕改性增加了催化剂表面吸附氧和铁(Ⅱ)的含量，有利于脱硝反应的进行。氢气程序升温还原测试结果表明，钕的引入使得催化剂氧化还原性能略有下降。活性测试结果表明，适量钕负载有利于提升催化剂的脱硝性能，钕元素在催化剂中的质量分数为9%时催化剂表现最优，最佳脱硝效率为81.4%。     

混合载体锰基宽温SCR脱硝催化剂的研究

为制备宽温脱硝催化剂，采用机械研磨方法获得了TiO₂和ZSM-5混合载体，并采用浸渍法制备了负载型MnO_x/TiO₂-ZSM-5脱硝催化剂。对制得的催化剂进行了X射线衍射(XRD)、N₂等温吸附-脱附、H₂程序升温还原(H₂-TPR)、NH₃程序升温脱附(NH₃-TPD)和NO程序升温脱附(NO-TPD)等表征，并考察了其催化脱硝活性。结果表明：MnO_x/TiO₂-ZSM-5催化剂具有较大的比表面积、更多的表面活泼锰物种、较多的酸位点，其对低温NH₃和NO吸附量及高温NH₃吸附量均有所增加，从而表现出更好的脱硝催化活性，在200～350℃时NO转化率达99%以上。     

超重力法制备Cu-Mn/ZSM-5催化剂及其催化燃烧甲苯的研究

ZSM-5分子筛负载复合过渡金属催化剂(Cu-Mn/zeolite)兼具分子筛和复合过渡金属的双重优势,在催化燃烧消除VOCs领域具有良好的催化性能。通过超重力技术制备了ZSM-5负载复合过渡金属催化剂,系统地研究了超重力环境下制备的Cu-Mn/ZSM-5催化剂的催化活性,并与传统浸渍法制备的催化剂进行比较。通过BET比表面积测试法、X射线衍射、程序升温还原、扫描电子显微镜和X射线光电子能谱分析等技术对催化剂进行表征,结果表明,超重力法制备的催化剂具有更高的催化活性,活性组分在ZSM-5上均匀分散,且负载量较高。     

甘油氢解用固体超强碱负载的铜催化剂

用浸渍-燃烧法制备了固体超强碱MgO-CaO和MgO-SrO负载的高分散铜基催化剂,并将其用于甘油氢解制备1,2-丙二醇的反应。N₂吸附、X射线衍射、透射电子显微镜、H₂程序升温还原和N₂O氧化吸附及CO₂程序升温脱附等表征实验结果显示:Cu粒子均分散于Cu/MgO-CaO(或者Cu/MgO-SrO)催化剂的表面;与Cu/MgO相比,Cu/MgO-CaO和Cu/MgO-SrO具有更强的碱性,可以加速甘油的转化。上述结果表明,甘油氢解反应中铜催化剂的活性随碱性的增强而增加。     

甘油氢解用固体超强碱负载的铜催化剂（英文）

用浸渍-燃烧法制备了固体超强碱Mg O-Ca O和Mg O-Sr O负载的高分散铜基催化剂,并将其用于甘油氢解制备1,2-丙二醇的反应。N2吸附、X射线衍射、透射电子显微镜、H2程序升温还原和N2O氧化吸附及CO2程序升温脱附等表征实验结果显示:Cu粒子均分散于Cu/Mg O-Ca O(或者Cu/Mg O-Sr O)催化剂的表面;与Cu/Mg O相比,Cu/Mg O-Ca O和Cu/Mg O-Sr O具有更强的碱性,可以加速甘油的转化。上述结果表明,甘油氢解反应中铜催化剂的活性随碱性的增强而增加。     

FeMnTiOx催化剂协同脱硝脱汞性能研究

通过共沉淀法制备了FeMnTiO_x催化剂,通过调变焙烧温度和Fe/Mn摩尔比调控催化剂的表面酸性和氧化还原能力,从而优化协同脱硝脱汞性能。利用X射线衍射、电子显微镜、N₂吸附/解吸、氢气程序升温还原、氨气程序升温脱附和X射线光电子能谱等手段分析催化剂的结构和催化反应机理。结果表明,焙烧温度为400℃、Fe/Mn摩尔比为0.5时,Fe_0.5MnTiO_x-400催化剂在150～330℃范围内的NO转化率大于90%;在200℃下的Hg⁰转化率高于90%,脱硝效率达到100%,表现出良好的协同脱硝脱汞性能。     

甲烷催化燃烧用LaMn/Al_2O_3催化剂研究

为获得具有优良低温活性的甲烷燃烧用催化剂,采用稀土La作为助剂制备了系列Mn基催化剂,借助X射线衍射(XRD)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)和程序升温还原(TPR)技术对催化剂的结构进行了表征,并评价了其对甲烷燃烧的低温催化性能。结果表明,La助剂的添加显著促进了活性组分MnO2的分散,使其更易于还原,且使Mn4+和晶格氧富集于催化剂表面,因而显著提高了催化剂对甲烷催化燃烧的低温活性。当La质量分数为5%时,催化活性最高,甲烷50%转化率对应的温度较未加助剂时降低了70℃,且完全转化的温度低至480℃。     

W-Mo-Ni-Cr/Al2O3催化剂的表征及其加氢脱氮性能研究

采用分步浸渍法制备了负载型W-Mo-Ni-Cr催化剂。并采用X射线衍射（XRD）、差热分析（TG/DTA）、氮气吸附（BET）、程序升温脱附（TPD）、程序升温还原（TPR）和红外光谱（IR）等方法对其进行表征。以吡啶为模型化合物进行了加氢脱氮活性试验，在反应温度180 ℃，反应时间1 h时，催化剂的催化性能最佳。实验条件下，吡啶的单次转化率可达88.5％。     

Active sites of Cu-ZSM-5 for the decomposition of acrylonitrile

The catalytic decomposition of acrylonitrile (AN) over Cu-ZSM-5 prepared with various Cu loadings was investigated. AN conversion, during which the nitrogen atoms in AN were mainly converted to N₂, increased as Cu loading increased. N₂ selectivities as high as 90–95% were attained. X-ray diffraction measurements (XRD) and temperature-programmed reduction by H₂ (H₂-TPR) showed the existence of bulk CuO in Cu-ZSM-5 with a Cu loading of 6.4 wt% and the existence of highly dispersed CuO in Cu-ZSM-5 with a Cu loading of 3.3 wt%. Electron spin resonance measurements revealed that Cu-ZSM-5 contains three forms of isolated Cu²⁺ ions (square-planar, square-pyramidal, and distorted square-pyramidal). The H₂-TPR results suggested that in Cu-ZSM-5 with a Cu loading of 2.9 wt% and below, Cu⁺ existed even after oxidizing pretreatment. The activity of AN decomposition over Cu/SiO₂ suggested that CuO could form N₂, but, independent of the CuO dispersion, nitrogen oxides (NO_x) were formed above 350 °C. Cu⁺ and the square-pyramidal and distorted square-pyramidal forms of Cu²⁺ showed low activity for AN decomposition. Temperature-programmed desorption of NH₃ suggested that N₂ formation from NH₃ proceeded on Cu²⁺, resulting in the formation of Cu⁺. The Cu⁺ ions were oxidized to Cu²⁺ at around 300 °C. Thus, high N₂ selectivity over Cu-ZSM-5 with a wide range of temperature was probably attained by the reaction over the square-planar Cu²⁺, which can be reversibly reduced and oxidized.     

炭化活化条件对Cu/AC表面Cu价态及其催化降解苯酚的影响

采用前体浸渍法研制了生物质基载铜活性炭催化剂（Cu/AC）,利用N₂-吸附脱附、X射线光电子能谱等技术对Cu/AC性质进行了表征,在固定床反应器中研究了不同炭化活化条件所得Cu/AC催化湿式氧化降解苯酚性能。结果表明：Cu/AC表面Cu物种以Cu²⁺和（Cu⁺+Cu⁰）共存。随着制备Cu/AC炭化温度的升高,炭化过程中产生更多的挥发分,促进Cu²⁺还原为Cu⁺和Cu⁰,（Cu⁺+Cu⁰）含量增大,Cu/AC降解苯酚催化活性逐渐升高;随着炭化时间延长,（Cu⁺+Cu⁰）含量下降,Cu₂O、CuO较好地并入载体使晶格氧含量增加,催化活性先升高后下降;随着活化温度升高和活化时间延长,Cu/AC比表面积达到1096.1m²/g并有大量微孔生成,大量含氧官能团分解将炭化过程中还原生成的（Cu⁺+Cu⁰）氧化为Cu²⁺,晶格氧含量增加,催化活性随着活化温度的升高而升高,随着活化时间的延长先升高后下降。催化湿式氧化降解苯酚过程中,Cu/AC具有良好的稳定性和低的Cu离子浸出浓度。Cu/AC的最优制备条件为炭化温度800℃,炭化时间2h,活化温度880℃,活化时间为2h,所得Cu/AC在反应8.5h时实现98.5%的苯酚转化率和91.1%的COD转化率。     

Pt/TiO2/ZSM-5催化剂的制备及其催化转化正丁烷

采用溶胶-凝胶法和等体积浸渍法,分别对ZSM-5分子筛进行TiO₂改性和Pt负载,获得了具有脱氢-裂解双功能的Pt/TiO₂/ZSM-5催化剂,采用XRD、N₂吸附-脱附、TEM、XPS和NH₃-TPD对样品的晶体结构,孔结构、形貌、活性金属价态和酸性质等进行了表征,并研究了正丁烷在此催化剂上催化转化制备低碳烯烃的反应规律。研究结果表明,TiO₂的引入,一方面使得改性后的ZSM-5分子筛获得了额外的酸性中心,特别是强酸性位含量的增加,有助于促进正丁烷的活化;另一方面Pt与TiO₂之间存在“金属-载体”强相互作用（SMSI）,在H₂还原气氛下,Pt能够促进TiO₂的还原,生成Ti³⁺物种,而Ti³⁺的存在增加了Pt周围的电荷密度,降低了Pt对低碳烯烃（C₂⁼～C₃⁼）的吸附能力,抑制了深度脱氢和生焦反应,从而提高双功能催化剂对烯烃的选择性。当H₂还原温度为450℃时,Pt/10TiO₂/ZSM-5催化剂在625℃下的正丁烷转化率为76.1%,低碳烯烃（C₂⁼～C₃⁼）收率为50.9%,分别比Pt/ZSM-5催化剂提高了16.7%和12.6%。     

Insight into the promotional mechanism of Cu modification towards wide-temperature NH3-SCR performance of NbCe catalyst

A simple strategy of Cu modification was proposed to broaden the operation temperature window for NbCe catalyst. The best catalyst Cu_0.010/Nb₁Ce₃ presented over 90% NO conversion in a wide temperature range of 200-400 ℃ and exhibited an excellent H₂O or/and SO₂ resistance at 275 ℃. To understand the promotional mechanism of Cu modification, the correlation among the “activity-structure-property” were tried to establish systematically. Cu species highly dispersed on NbCe catalyst to serve as the active component. The strong interaction among Cu, Nb and Ce promoted the emergence of NbO₄ and induced more Brønsted acid sites. And Cu modification obviously enhanced the redox behavior of the NbCe catalyst. Besides, EPR probed the Cu species exited in the form of monomeric and dimeric Cu²⁺, the isolated Cu²⁺ acted as catalytic active sites to promote the reaction: Cu²⁺-NO₃^-+NO(g) → Cu²⁺-NO₂^-+NO₂(g). Then the generated NO₂ would accelerate the fast-SCR reaction process and thus facilitated the low-temperature deNO efficiency. Moreover, surface nitrates became unstable and easy to decompose after Cu modification, thus providing additional adsorption and activation sites for NH₃, and ensuring the improvement of catalytic activity at high temperature. Since the NH₃-SCR reaction followed by E-R reaction pathway efficaciously over Cu_0.010/Nb₁Ce₃ catalyst, the excellent H₂O and SO₂ resistance was as expected.     

Elucidation of a preparation method for copper ion-exchanged ZSM-5 samples exhibiting extremely efficient N2-adsorption at room temperature: effect of counter ions in the exchange solution

The adsorption of N₂ on a copper ion-exchanged ZSM-5 sample (CuZSM-5) prepared by ion exchange using an aqueous solution of copper propionate, Cu(C₂H₅COO)₂, was examined at room temperature by measuring the FT-IR spectra, adsorption isotherms and heat of adsorption. This sample was found to be extremely efficient in terms of N₂ adsorption with regard to both the amount and the energy (i.e., heat) of adsorption, compared with samples prepared by a conventional ion-exchange method using an aqueous solution involving Cu²⁺ and simple counter ions, Cl⁻ or NO₃⁻. To clarify the specificity of the newly-prepared sample, the ion-exchange of ZSM-5 with Cu²⁺ was carried out by employing aqueous solutions involving Cu²⁺ and various types of counter ions [propionate (C₂H₅COO⁻), acetate (CH₃COO⁻), formate (HCOO⁻), chloride (Cl⁻) and nitrate (NO₃⁻) ions]. When the ion exchange was performed by using a Cu(C₂H₅COO)₂ or Cu(CH₃COO)₂ solution, the Cu²⁺ species with propionate or acetate ligand (in the monomer state) were ion-exchanged in ZSM-5, as confirmed by the DR, EPR and FT-IR spectra for CuZSM-5. In contrast, Cu²⁺ species were present in the form of aquo-complexes in samples prepared with other solutions. This distinct difference can be ascribed to the difference in the pK_a values of the counter ions; carboxylate ions, with a high pK_a value, are inclined to form a complex with Cu²⁺. Using this newly applied Cu(C₂H₅COO)₂ solution, the present ion-exchange method has the potential to develop new effective materials that possess the specific adsorption and catalytic properties of CuZSM-5.     

负载型Cu_2O/MgO催化剂制备及催化正己醇脱氢制备正己醛

以氧化镁粉末为载体,N2H4·H2O为还原剂,采用浸渍还原法制备Cu2O/MgO催化剂。考察制备条件对催化剂活性的影响,最佳原料配比为n(Cu2+)∶n(NaOH)∶n(N2H4·H2O)=5∶11∶5,对筛选出最佳条件下制备的催化剂进行正己醇脱氢制备正己醛工艺条件考察,采用SEM、XRD和BET对催化剂进行表征。结果表明,在反应温度250℃、空速1.25 m L·(h·g)-1、催化剂用量12 g和N2流速0.05 L·min-1条件下,正己醇转化率为59.33%,正己醛选择性为93.81%。     

粉煤灰基SAPO-34分子筛脱硝催化剂的合成及其脱硝性能

以内蒙准格尔电厂粉煤灰为原料,采用酸碱联合法,制备了粉煤灰基SAPO-34微孔分子筛。以SAPO-34分子筛为载体,以碳酸铵为铵盐、硝酸铜为铜源,采用离子交换法制备了不同Cu担载量的Cu-SAPO-34分子筛催化剂。在500℃、8% H₂O/N₂气氛下老化处理后,对催化剂的选择性催化还原脱硝性能和物理化学特性进行了测试分析。结果表明,SCR活性与Cu物种种类密切相关,位于离子交换位的孤立态的Cu²⁺是Cu-SAPO-34催化剂在NH₃-SCR反应中的主要活性中心,随着Cu担载量的增加,催化剂的低温SCR活性提高,而高温活性在Cu质量分数达到1.50%上达到最高而后降低。1.50 Cu-SAPO-34催化剂在空速高达200000h^-1、350~500℃范围内可达到80%以上的NO_x转化率,显示出较宽的脱硝温度窗口。文中指出该催化剂因更好的高温活性和抗烧结能力,相比钒钛系催化剂更适用于高温工况。这项工作开辟了燃煤电厂粉煤灰无害化处理用于制备SCR催化剂的新途径。     

焙烧温度对MgO修饰Cu/ZnO催化剂结构及催化草酸二甲酯加氢反应研究

采用共沉淀法制备了系列掺杂Mg2+离子的Cu-Mg/ZnO[n(Cu)∶n(Zn)=5∶4]催化剂,并用N2吸附-脱附、XRD和H2-TPR等对催化剂进行表征,考察焙烧温度对催化剂结构及其催化草酸二甲酯加氢反应性能的影响。结果表明,经350℃焙烧所得Cu-Mg/ZnO-c350催化剂具有较大的比表面积,发达的介孔结构,较高的Cu物种分散性和较多的表面Cu0活性位;而较高的焙烧温度导致催化剂中纳米粒子聚集烧结,降低催化剂比表面积、孔径尺度和表面Cu0活性物种数量。适宜反应条件,Cu-Mg/ZnO-c350催化剂催化草酸二甲酯气相加氢反应转化率为100%,乙二醇收率为95%。此外,较强的金属-载体作用力抑制铜活性物种的抗烧结能力,赋予其优异的稳定性。     

Silver modified Cu/SiO2 catalyst for the hydrogenation of methyl acetate to ethanol

A series of silver modified Cu/SiO_2 catalysts were synthesized with ammonia-evaporation method and applied in vapor-phase hydrogenation of methyl acetate to ethanol. The influence of additive ‘Ag' on the structural evolution of catalyst was systematically studied by several characterization techniques, such as N_2 adsorption–desorption, N_2O titration, PXRD, FTIR, in-situ FTIR, H_2-TPR, H_2-TPD, XPS and TEM. Results showed that incorporation of a small amount of Ag could enhance the structural stability, and the strong interaction between Cu and Ag species was conducive to increase the dispersion of copper species and create a suitable Cu~(+)/(Cu~0+ Cu~(+)) ratio, which was proposed to be responsible for the improved catalytic activity. The maximum conversion of MA(94.1%)and selectivity of ethanol(91.3%) over optimized Cu-0.5 Ag/SiO_2 and 120 h on stream without deactivation under optimal conditions demonstrates its excellent stability.     

CuO改性商用选择性催化还原催化剂催化氧化单质汞性能

燃煤烟气中单质汞（Hg⁰）的高效氧化是提高燃煤电厂脱汞效率的关键,为提高传统选择性催化还原（SCR）催化剂氧化Hg⁰的性能,本文采用溶液浸渍法制备了CuO-SCR催化剂,在固定床反应装置上考察了其脱硝协同氧化单质汞性能,并借助BET、XRD和XPS等分析技术对催化剂进行表征。结果表明,CuO的掺杂显著提高了商用SCR催化剂的Hg⁰氧化性能和低温脱硝活性;在200~400℃内,随着反应温度升高和NO+NH₃浓度增大,NH₃对CuO-SCR催化剂的Hg⁰氧化性能抑制作用加强;在350℃、模拟燃煤烟气条件下,随着空速比的减小,催化剂的Hg⁰氧化性能显著提高,NH₃对Hg⁰氧化的抑制作用明显减弱。催化剂表征结果表明,CuO-SCR催化剂表面存在氧化还原反应V⁴⁺+Cu²⁺?V⁵⁺+Cu⁺,增强了催化剂的催化活性。Hg⁰在CuO-SCR催化剂表面的氧化过程遵循Mars-Maessen机制,能够有效增强催化剂的Hg⁰氧化性能。