球磨工艺对Mg_2B_2O_5w/6061Al基复合材料微观组织演变及力学性能的影响（英文）

采用粉末热挤压法制备了硼酸镁晶须增强铝基复合材料,对球磨工艺参数、粉末特性及热挤压态复合材料间的相互关系进行了研究。研究结果表明,在球磨过程中,增强体晶须的添加促进了基体合金的变形,加快了铝粉颗粒的焊合与断裂过程的发生。在球磨过程中,经过适当时间的高速球磨后,铝合金基体晶粒尺寸减小,增强体晶须在基体中的分布得到显著改善,从而使热挤压态复合材料力学性能得到大幅度的提高。     

石墨烯纳米片增强铝基复合材料的制备与性能

采用高能球磨、放电等离子烧结以及热挤压工艺制备含量为5.0%(体积分数)的石墨烯增强铝基复合材料。分别采用X射线光电子能谱、透射电镜及拉伸试验研究挤压态复合材料的显微组织与力学性能,发现5.0%(体积分数)的石墨烯分散在铝晶界上,并且未与铝基体发生界面反应。最终,挤压态复合材料的屈服强度和抗拉强度高达462 MPa和479 MPa,分别比挤压态铝基体提高62%和60%。断口分析表明,在断裂过程中复合材料中分散的石墨烯起到明显的载荷传递的作用。上述结果表明,采用高能球磨、放电等离子烧结以及热挤压制备工艺可将高含量石墨烯分散于铝合金中,且能控制石墨烯和铝基体之间的界面反应。     

液氮球磨制备纳米SiCp/Al基复合材料的研究

利用液氮球磨技术制备了纳米SiC颗粒增强铝基复合材料粉末,对该纳米粉末进行真空热压和热挤压,获得纳米铝基复合材料块体.采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X射线衍射仪(XRD)研究了纳米SiC粉和Al-Zn-Mg-Cu粉在液氮球磨过程中形貌、组织和相组成等.结果表明,液氮球磨可以使复合材料粉末达到纳米级,且纳米SiC可均匀地分布于铝合金中.     

热挤压原位合成TiB_2/6351Al复合材料的组织性能

利用金相显微镜、扫描电镜、透射电镜和万能拉伸试验机等测试手段,研究了原位合成TiB2(wt,8%)/6351Al复合材料在热挤压前后的显微组织及室温拉伸性能。结果表明,热挤压变形有助于增强颗粒在基体合金中均匀分布,热挤压后TiB2颗粒与基体界面结合良好,未发现界面处开裂;热挤压变形时TiB2颗粒周围的基体合金中形成复杂的位错;基体合金发生再结晶和回复形成完整的等轴晶和亚结构,显微组织得到细化,基体合金再结晶的主要形核方式为增强体颗粒引起位错塞积区形核,亚晶吞并长大形核及应变诱发晶界迁移形核。热挤压复合材料基体合金具有较强的[111]织构。与铸态相比,热挤压后复合材料的屈服强度Rp0.2、抗拉强度Rm、伸长率A及布氏硬度显著提高。复合材料断口特征由热挤压前的韧性和沿晶的混合断裂,转变为以韧性断裂为主。     

n-SiCp/MB2复合材料组织与力学性能

采用纳米级颗粒增强的镁基复合材料可望比微米级复合材料具有更好的力学性能.采用纳米N-SiCp作为增强体,复合粉体经机械合金化、真空热压和热挤压得到了致密的n-SiCp/MB2镁基复合材料.进行了热挤压态组织观察,测试了挤压态复合材料的气孔率、硬度、常温和高温力学性能.结果表明:制备的n-SiCp/MB2复合材料致密且SiCp分布均匀,增强体/基体界面结合良好,基体中无明显的位错,基体晶粒尺寸小于300 nm;复合材料的硬度、常温和高温力学性能比基体合金的高,但塑性下降;复合材料拉伸断口存在韧窝,高温拉伸断口上的韧窝更深.     

TiB2-Al2O3-TiAl3颗粒增强铝基复合材料的制备方法

采用机械合金化的方法,以纳米级的TiO2粉末与B2O3和Al为原料,通过原位反应的方法,成功制得了TiB2+Al2O3+Al3Ti颗粒增强铝基复合材料.对球磨前后TiO2粉末的XRD衍射图谱进行了对比分析,得到球磨后TiO2粉末的晶粒尺寸和晶格畸变量,并对球磨后的粉末进行了ESEM和TEM分析;同时对原料在不同的球磨时间下(1 h、2 h、3 h)的XRD衍射图谱和ESEM形貌进行对比,得到了原位反应过程中各物相的变化情况.最后把球磨得到的粉末进行压制烧结,对最终得到的复合材料进行了ESEM形貌、TEM和相关力学研究,发现陶瓷颗粒相在基体里分布细小均匀,与基体结合良好,尺寸有几个微米,而压制烧结后试样的最终抗拉强度达到了327.4 MPa.     

热挤压对内氧化法制备Cu-Al2O3组织性能的影响

采用一种新型简化内氧化工艺结合热挤压工艺,制备了Cu-Al2O3复合材料.对热挤压后复合材料的微观组织和硬度、抗拉强度和电导率进行了研究.结果表明,热挤压明显细化了复合材料的组织,提高了组织均匀性,减少了孔隙等粉末烧结缺陷,得到了较为致密的Cu-Al2O3复合材料;密度达到8.82 g·cm-3;热挤压后其硬度、抗拉强度和电导率显著提高,分别达到HV111、242 MPa、40.6 MS/m.拉伸断口分析表明,烧结态和挤压态断口均为韧窝聚集型断裂,热挤压改善了烧结态的韧性.     

热处理对Mg_2B_2O_(5w)/6061Al复合材料组织和性能的影响

研究了单级固溶及峰值时效处理对粉末热挤压法制备5 vol%Mg2B2O5w/6061Al复合材料组织和力学性能的影响。结果表明:经粉末热挤压制备的材料,晶须分布相对均匀,但长径比显著降低,材料主要由α(Al)、Mg2B2O5w和Mg2Si相为主;热挤压态复合材料经固溶时效(510℃×1 h+160℃×9 h)处理后,晶粒内部析出大量的β'相;拉伸强度、屈服强度和伸长率分别为357.6 MPa、205 MPa和8.77%,相比挤压态复合材料,拉伸强度和屈服强度分别提高了81%和78%;拉伸断口分析表明,材料的失效形式以基体的韧性断裂和晶须团聚体的脆性开裂为主。     

石蜡润滑条件下(Mg_2B_2O_(5w)+ND)/ZK60镁基复合材料的摩擦磨损性能研究

将球磨后的粉末经热压烧结、热挤压成型制备(Mg_2B_2O_(5w)+ND)/ZK60镁基复合材料。研究了ZK60基体合金及(Mg_2B_2O_(5w)+ND)/ZK60镁基复合材料在石蜡湿润条件下的摩擦磨损性能。结果表明:在液体石蜡润滑条件下,随着滑动距离的增加,基体合金和复合材料在开始时都具有很短的跑和阶段,相比基体材料,该复合材料的摩擦性能更加稳定,且具有更低的摩擦系数。随着载荷和转速的增加,该复合材料的摩擦系数减小,然后逐渐趋于平稳;复合材料的磨损机制由磨粒磨损向剥层磨损转变。     

SiC_p/AZ91镁基复合材料的热挤压

采用搅拌铸造法制备SiC体积分数为5%、10%和15%的颗粒增强AZ91镁基复合材料（SiCp/AZ91）。复合材料经过T4处理后,于350°C以固定挤压比12：1进行热挤压。在铸态复合材料中,颗粒在晶间微观区域发生偏聚。热挤压基本上消除了这种偏聚并有效地改善颗粒分布。另外,热挤压有效地细化基体的晶粒。结果表明：热挤压明显提高复合材料的力学性能。在挤压态复合材料中,随着SiC颗粒含量的升高,基体的晶粒尺寸减小,强度和弹性模量升高,但是伸长率降低。     

Thermal Conductivity and Tensile Properties of Carbon Nanofiber-Reinforced Aluminum-Matrix Composites Fabricated via Powder Metallurgy: Effects of Ball Milling and Extrusion Conditions on Microstructures and Resultant Composite Properties

Carbon nanofiber(CNF)-reinforced aluminum-matrix composites were fabricated via ball milling and spark plasma sintering(SPS), SPS followed by hot extrusion and powder extrusion. Two mixing conditions of CNF and aluminum powder were adopted: milling at 90 rpm and milling at 200 rpm. After milling at 90 rpm, the mixed powder was sintered using SPS at 560 °C. The composite was then extruded at 500 °C at an extrusion ratio of 9. Composites were also fabricated via powder extrusion of powder milled at 200 rpm and 550 °C with an extrusion ratio of 9(R9) or 16(R16). The thermal conductivity and tensile properties of the resultant composites were evaluated. Anisotropic thermal conductivity was observed even in the sintered products. The anisotropy could be controlled via hot extrusion. The thermal conductivity of composites fabricated via powder extrusion was higher than those fabricated using other methods. However, in the case of specimens with a CNF volume fraction of 4.0%, the thermal conductivity of the composite fabricated via SPS and hot extrusion was the highest. The highest thermal conductivity of 4.0% CNF-reinforced composite is attributable to networking and percolation of CNFs. The effect of the fabrication route on the tensile strength and ductility was also investigated. Tensile strengths of the R9 composites were the highest. By contrast, the R16 composites prepared under long heating duration exhibited high ductility at CNF volume fractions of 2.0% and 5.0%. The microstructures of composites and fracture surfaces were observed in detail, and fracture process was elucidated. The results revealed that controlling the heating and plastic deformation during extrusion will yield strong and ductile composites.     

高强塑性TiB2P/Al复合材料的制备与力学性能

采用TiB2颗粒与铝粉混配的方法,获得利于成形的预制体,采用压力浸渗法制备体积分数为20%的TiB2P/6061Al复合材料,并采用10:1的挤压比对复合材料进行热挤压。利用扫描电镜(SEM)、透射电镜(TEM)和万能电子拉伸机对热挤压前后复合材料的微观组织及力学性能进行研究,发现经过该种方法制备的复合材料经热挤压后具有良好的室温拉伸力学性能,抗拉强度为447.5MPa,弹性模量为121.8GPa,延伸率可达7.95%,显示出良好的强塑性配合,分析其强塑性来源于增强体与基体之间的良好界面结合、晶粒细化强化和沉淀强化。     

MICROSTRUCTURE AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF SiC W/BAS (BaAl 2Si 2O 8) GLASS CERAMIC COMPOSITE

１．ＩｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎＢＡＳ（ＢａＯＡｌ２Ｏ３ＳｉＯ２）ｇｌａｓｓｃｅｒａｍｉｃｓｗｉｔｈｃｅｌｓｉａｎａｓｍａｉｎｃｒｙｓｔａｌｌｉｎｅｐｈａｓｅａｒｅｐｏｔｅｎｔｉａｌｍａｔｒｉｃｅｓｏｆｒｅｆｒａｃｔｏｒｙｆｉｂｅｒｏｒｗｈｉｓｋｅｒｒｅｉｎｆｏｒｃｅｄｃｏｍｐｏｓｉｔｅｓｄｕｅｔｏｔｈｅｈｉｇｈｍｅｌｔｉｎｇｐｏｉｎｔ（１７６０℃）ａｎｄｇｏｏｄｏｘｉｄａｔｉｏｎｒｅｓｉｓｔａｎｃｅｏｆｃｅｌｓｉａｎ．Ｃｅｌｓｉａｎｗｉｔｈｍｏｎｏｃｌｉｎｉｃｓｔｒｕｃｔｕｒｅｉｓｓｔａｂ…     

Mechanical Properties of Al/BN Nanocomposites Fabricated by Planetary Ball Milling and Conventional Hot Extrusion

In this study, Al matrix nanocomposites containing 1, 2 and 4 wt% nano-boron nitride were fabricated by mechanical milling and hot extrusion. The mechanical properties of all extruded samples were evaluated. Also, the morphology and microstructure of the milled composite powders were characterized using two types of electron microscope. The results showed that a high fraction of the boron nitride nanoparticles dissolved and formed a solid solution in Al matrix during the milling process. Through the process of solid solution formation, the work hardening rate of the composite powders increased. This led to a morphological change in the composite powders and resulted in equiaxed shape. The powder particle size also decreased after the milling process. By increasing boron nitride content within a range of 0–4 wt% in the hot extruded samples, tensile stress increased from 212 to 333 MPa. The hardness of the nanocomposite samples including 1, 2 and 4 wt% boron nitride improved approximately 55, 70 and 90% in comparison with pure Al,respectively.     

球磨与烧结对Al2Ti3V2ZrB/2024Al复合材料组织与硬度的影响

利用粉末冶金方法制备了Al2Ti3V2ZrB/2024Al复合材料,研究了球磨工艺和烧结温度对复合材料微观组织和硬度的影响。结果表明,球磨时过高的球磨速度或过长的球磨时间均会造成Al2Ti3V2ZrB颗粒的团聚,影响复合材料的组织均匀性。在球磨速度为150r/min下球磨5h,Al2Ti3V2ZrB颗粒在2024Al基体中的分布最均匀,复合材料的硬度最高。当烧结温度低于510℃时,Al2Ti3V2ZrB颗粒在2024Al基体中分布比较均匀,复合材料密度和硬度随烧结温度升高逐渐增加;超过510℃后Al2Ti3V2ZrB颗粒开始团聚,复合材料密度和硬度下降,在510℃制备的复合材料具有最高的硬度。     

Influence of Mixing Technique on the Mechanical Properties and Structural Evolution of Al-NiAl Composites

Fabrication and processing of 99.7% purity aluminum powder reinforced with 0, 5, 10% volume fractions NiAl intermetallic metal matrix composites were conducted. The mechanically alloyed nanostructured NiAl was mixed by both regular and high energy ball milling techniques. Powders of NiAl employed for reinforcement were milled for 18 and 31 h, and therefore denoted as NiAl18 and NiAl31, respectively. The mixed powders were consolidated via a combination of cold pressing followed by hot extrusion at 480 °C for 1 h at a reduction ratio 4:1. Hardness, tensile properties, and fracture behavior of the extruded composite powders were evaluated. Structural evolution of the milled composite powders was investigated before and after extrusion using optical microscopy, field emission scanning, and transmission electron microscopy. In addition, particle type identification was carried out via energy dispersive x-ray analysis. Introducing NiAl31 (0.8 µm) enhanced the mechanical properties of the composites compared to NiAl18 (1.0 µm). Moreover, powders milling enhanced the tensile properties post hot extrusion compared to the mixed conditions due to the enhanced reinforcement distribution and bonding with the Al matrices. Hot extruded milled composite powders of Al reinforced with 10% NiAl31 produced nanostructured high-angle grain boundary structure <200 nm.     

Mgx／Mg2Ni复合储氢合金的机械合金化制备及电极性能

利用Mg2Ni合金和不同质量百分数的Mg粉(x=10％，30％，50％)混合后球磨制得Mgx／Mg2Ni复合合金。XRD分析证实，Mg2Ni合金和Mg粉混合球磨时无新相生成，Mg粉的添加可有效抑制Mg2Ni合金单独球磨时存在的Mg2Ni相的分解反应。采用模拟电池法测试了Mgx／Mg2Ni复合合金的电极性能，结果表明，Mg量的增加可显著地提高复合合金的放电容量。在球磨的开始阶段，复合合金的放电容量随球磨时间的延长而增加，球磨一定时间后，其放电容量则随球磨时间的延长而迅速降低。放电容量与球磨时间的变化关系体现了球磨对复合合金微结构改变的影响。     

粉末冶金制备SiC_P/2009Al复合材料的相组成和元素分布

采用粉末冶金法制备SiCp/2009AI复合材料热压锭,并对热压锭进行了热挤压,分析了热压态和挤压态复合材料的相组成和元素分布.结果表明:热压锭存在轻微的元素偏析,下部Cu和Mg含量略高于上部.热压态复合材料组成相主要为Al,SiC,Al2Cu和Mg2Si,另外还含有少量的Al7Cu2Fe和Mg的氧化物.经固溶处理后,Al₂Cu和Mg₂Si溶解,Cu在基体中均匀分布,但Mg仍偏聚于原始铝颗粒边界和SiC团聚处.挤压变形不改变复合材料的相组成,但使SiC分布更均匀并破碎了铝颗粒表面的氧化膜.挤压态复合材料经固溶处理后,Cu和Mg均在基体中均实现了均匀分布.     

热压对(Mg2Ni+Mg3Sb2)/Mg复合材料组织及性能的影响

采用粉末冶金工艺制备了不同Ni含量的(Mg2Ni+Mg3Sb2)/Mg基复合材料,并采用热压工艺对已制备的复合材料进行塑性变形处理,研究了热压对(Mg2Ni+Mg3Sb2)/Mg基复合材料显微组织及力学性能的影响。结果表明,热压变形可以细化基体Mg颗粒,提高Mg3Sb2和Mg2Ni相分布均匀性,消除材料中的孔洞和裂隙等缺陷,提高复合材料的致密度,同时,使复合材料的力学性能得到显著提高。