Growth and microstructure of AlN whiskers and dendrites

AlN whiskers or dendrites were synthesized with a sublimation-recrytallization method by using Al,AlN powders and some additives as raw materials.Whiskers with different sizes that featured high purity and good crystallinity were obtained by controlling temperature and gas supersaturation in the reaction container,The whiskers were described as long and straight single crystals of approximately 1-30 um in diameter by the centimeter range in length.However,AlN dendrites were about 1mm in diameter by 0.5cm in length,and showed an obviously preferential growth orientation.i.e.,perpendicular to [211] and [1011] planes.It is concluded that the whiskers or dendrites grow via the vapor-solid mechanism.     

Electronic Structures and Chemical Bonds of Cobaltite and Ni-Doped

The relation among electronic structure, chemical bond and thermoelectric property of Ca3 Co2 O6 and Ni-doped was studied by density function theory and discrete variation method（DFT-DVM）. The results indicate that the highest valence band（ HVB ）attd the lowest conduction band（ LCB ） are mainly attribuled to Co3d, Ni3d and O2p atomic orbitals. The property of a semiconductor is shown from the gap between HVB and LCB. The gap of Ni-doped one is less than that of Ca3 Co2 O6. The non-metal bond or ceramic characteristic of Ni-doped one is weaker than that of Ca3 Co2 O6, but the metal characteristics of Ni-doped one are stronger than those of Ca3 Co2 O6. The thermoelectric property should be improved by adding Ni element into the system of Ca3 Co2 O6 .     

Magnetic properties and XPS of Dy-Y and Dy-Nd alloys

The magnetic properties and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) spectra in the Dy100-xYx and Dy100-zNdz rare-earth alloys are studied.The magnetism measurements show that the dhcp crystal-field influence in the Dy-Nd alloys,which tends to destroy the orbital moment,does not vanish even though a field of 6T is applied.With increasing Y (or Nd) content the temperature region corresponding to helical phase becomes wider (or narrower).The XPS records suggest that the property of the valence fluctuation in neodymium tends to increase the Fermi wave vector kF of the Dy-Nd alloys.This testifies that the abrupt dropping of the Neel temperature,as Nd is introduced,is not only due to a dilution effect of Nd.The introduction of light rare earths into heavy ones is favorable for suppressing the helical phase in the alloys and overcoming the negative magnetocaloric effect.This result will play a guiding role in designing composite magnetic refrigeration working substances.     

Pattern Recognition and Forecast of Coal and Gas Outburst

Coal and gas outburst is a complicated dynamic phenomenon in coal mines, Multi-factor Pattern Recognition is based on the relevant data obtained from research achievements of Geo-dynamic Division, With the help of spatial data management, the Neuron Network and Cluster algorithm are applied to predict the danger probability of coal and gas outburst in each cell of coal mining district. So a coal-mining district can be divided into three areas： dangerous area, minatory area, and safe area. This achievement has been successfully applied for regional prediction of coal and gas outburst in Hualnan mining area in China.     

Synthesis of Ni-Zn ferfite and its microstructure and magnetic properties

Nanometer Ni0.5Zn0.5Fe2O4 powders with spinel phase were prepared by the hydrothermal method using purified FeSO4 solution from sodium jarosite＇s slag as materials. The results show that the spinel phase of Ni0.5Zn0.5Fe2O4 powders begins to form at a relatively low temperature （130 ℃） and a shorter holding time （1 h） when pH=8. The crystallization kinetics equation at 200℃ is ln[-ln（1-x）] =-0.78＋0.951n t. The growth activation energy of Ni0.5Zn0.5Fe2O4 grains is 41.6 kJ/moL in hydrothermal synthesis process. With the increase of sintering temperature, the density and diameter shrinkage of ferrite circulus increase, whereas its pores decrease. The results of magnetic measurements show that saturation magnetic flux density Bs increases and the coercivity Hc decreases with the increase of their sintering temperature. Magnetic parameters of all the investigated samples satisfy the character demand of high Bs, low Br and low Hc of soft magnetic ferrite materials.     

Mechanical and Thermal Properties of Polysiloxanes and NBR Blend Elastomer

A series of elastomers , based on NBR , polysiloxanes （PS） were prepared and characterized by tensile tests, thermogravimetry （ TG ） and differential scanning calorimetry （ DSC ）. Two kinds of vulcanizing agent, DMDBH （2,5-dimethyl- 2,5-di （ t- butyl perory ） hexane ） and DCP （ dicumylperoxide ） were used to investigate the influence of different vulcanizing agents on properties of PS/ NBR. The addition of PS to NBR was found to improve the thermal stability and decrease the tensile strength of NBR. The tensile strength decreased conshterably while the elongation at break increased obviously with the increase of PS content. The series using DMDBH as vulcanizing agent showed a higher tensile strength and elongation at break than the series using DCP as vulcanizing agent. Simultaneity the thermal stability increased with the increase of PS content.     

Decomposition and reconstitution principle for complex surfaces and its applications

Though there are already a variety of models for complex surfaces, they are not so convenient as needed in practice. A hierarchical model and the principle of decomposition and reconstitution for complex surfaces have been proposed, which have the potential to enhance the support of automated design systems on creative work intelligently Then the progress made is discussed involving the applications of the new principle in the following three areas:conjugation surface calculation, tool path generation in numerically controlled machining, and machining process innovation by re-recognition     

Synthesis of Ni-Zn ferrite and its microstructure and magnetic properties

1 INTRODUCTION Ni-Zn ferrite with spinel structure is a versatile technological material due to their high-resistivity and low-eddy current losses, particularly suitable for high-frequency applications. Ni-Zn ferrites have been commercially used in recording heads, antennas rods, loading coils, microwave devices and telecommunication applications fields, and so on[1?2]. Ni-Zn ferrites are usually prepared by the conventional ceramic method[3] and the wet-chemical method[4?16]. The cerami…     

Geodynamical features and geotectonic evolution of Kalimantan and adjacent areas

Kalimantan Island is located in the Southeast Asia continental marginal tectono-magmatic mobile zone in the West Pacific Ocean, where the lithosphere of Earth is one of the most complicated tectonic mobile regions on the Earth since Meso-Cenozoic. Based on the geophysical data of the basement and deep structures, the stress field of mantle flow, the maximum principal stress field and geothermal flux, the crustal nature and geodynamical features of Kalimantan Island and adjacent areas were analyzed. Researches on geotectonic movement and evolution of Kalimantan and adjacent areas show that Southeast Asia continental margin crustobody was formed at about middle-late Triassic. In addition, the geotectonic units of the Kalimantan area were subdivided, and characteristics of their geotectonic evolution were discussed.     

Preparation of High Impermeable and Crack-resistance Chemical Admixture and Its Mechanism

A kind of high impermeable and crack-resistance chemical admixture ( HICRCA ) was prepared, which is a compound chemical admixture composed of an expansion ingredient, density ingredient, and organic hydrophobic poreblocking ingredient. The results of the experiments indicate that the addition of HICRCA improves mortar and concrete in the following performances: ( 1 ) perfect workability: slump is more than 22cm, the slump after 3 h is about 16cm; (2) high impermeability.for the mortar, the pervious height under a water pressure of 1.5MPa is 1.5cm,for the concrete, the pervious height under a water pressure of 5.0MPa is 2.2cm; (3) high crack-resistance:there is a micro-expansion at the age of 9Od ; ( 4 ) high compressivestrength : compared with the controlled concrete, the compressive strengths at the age of 3d and 28d are improved by 66.4% and 62.0%, respectively. At the same time, the effects of different curing condigon on mortar and concrete expansive and shrinkage performance were studied. In addition, the impermeable and crack-resistance mechanism was investigated in the present paper.     

Mechanical and damage evolution properties of sandstone under triaxial compression

To study the mechanical and damage evolution properties of sandstone under triaxial compression,we analyzed the stress strain curve characteristics,deformation and strength properties,and failure process and characteristics of sandstone samples under different stress states.The experimental results reveal that peak strength,residual strength,elasticity modulus and deformation modulus increase linearly with confining pressure,and failure models transform from fragile failure under low confining pressure to ductility failure under high confining pressure.Macroscopic failure forms of samples under uniaxial compression were split failure parallel to the axis of samples,while macroscopic failure forms under uniaxial compression were shear failure,the shear failure angle of which decreased linearly with confining pressure.There were significant volume dilatation properties in the loading process of sandstone under different confining pressures,and we analyzed the damage evolution properties of samples based on acoustic emission damage and volumetric dilatation damage,and established damage constitutive model,realizing the real-time quantitative evaluation of samples damage state in loading process.     

Dynamic tensile behaviour and crack propagation of coal under coupled static-dynamic loading

The fracture behaviour and crack propagation features of coal under coupled static-dynamic loading conditions are important when evaluating the dynamic failure of coal. In this study, coupled static-dynamic loading tests are conducted on Brazilian disc(BD) coal specimens using a modified split Hopkinson pressure bar(SHPB). The effects of the static axial pre-stress and loading rate on the dynamic tensile strength and crack propagation characteristics of BD coal specimens are studied. The average dynamic indirect tensile strength of coal specimens increases first and then decreases with the static axial pre-stress increasing. When no static axial pre-stress is applied, or the static axial pre-stress is 30% of the static tensile strength, the dynamic indirect tensile strength of coal specimens shows an increase trend as the loading rate increases. When the static axial pre-stress is 60% of the static tensile strength, the dynamic indirect tensile strength shows a fluctuant trend as the loading rate increases. According to the crack propagation process of coal specimens recorded by high-speed camera, the impact velocity influences the mode of crack propagation, while the static axial pre-stress influences the direction of crack propagation. The failure of coal specimens is a coupled tensile-shear failure under high impact velocity.When there is no static axial pre-stress, tensile cracks occur in the vertical loading direction. When the static axial pre-stress is applied, the number of cracks perpendicular to the loading direction decreases,and more cracks occur in the parallel loading direction.     

Physical and mechanical properties of sandstone containing a single fissure after exposure to high temperatures

In order to investigate the physical and mechanical properties of sandstone containing fissures after exposure to high temperatures,fissures with different angles α were prefabricated in the plate sandstone samples,and the processed samples were then heated at 5 different temperatures.Indoor uniaxial compression was conducted to analyze the change rules of physical properties of sandstone after exposure to high temperature,and the deformation,strength and failure characteristics of sandstone containing fissures.The results show that,with increasing temperature,the volume of sandstone increases gradually while the quality and density decrease gradually,and the color of sandstone remains basically unchanged while the brightness increases markedly when the temperature is higher than 585 ℃;the peak strength of sandstone containing fissures first decreases then increases when the temperature is between 25℃and 400℃.The peak strain of sandstone containing fissures increases gradually while the average modulus decreases gradually with increasing temperature,and the mechanical properties of sandstone show obvious deterioration after 400 ℃.The peak strain of sandstone containing fissures increases gradually while the average modulus decreases gradually with increasing temperature;with increasing angle αof the fissure,the evolution characteristics of the macro-mechanical parameters of sandstone are closely related to the their own mechanical properties.When the temperature is 800 ℃,the correlation between the peak strength and average modulus of sandstone and the angle α of the fissure is obviously weakened.The failure modes of sandstone containing fissures after high temperature exposure are of three different kinds including:tensile crack failure,tensile and shear cracks mixed failure,and shear crack failure.Tensile and shear crack mixed failure occur mainly at low temperatures and small angles;tensile crack failure occurs at high temperatures and large angles.     

Thermal-mechanical coupled effect on fracture mechanism and plastic characteristics of sandstone

Scanning electronic microscopy (SEM) was employed to investigate fractographs of sandstone in mine roof strata under thermal-mechanical coupled effect. Based on the evolution of sandstone surface morphology in the failure process and fractography, the fracture mechanism was studied and classified under meso and micro scales, respectively. The differences between fractographs under different temperatures were examined in detail. Under high temperature, fatigue fracture and plastic deformation occurred in the fracture surface. Therefore, the temperature was manifested by these phenomena to influence strongly on micro failure mechanism of sandstone. In addition, the failure mechanism would transit from brittle failure mechanism at low temperature to coupled brittle-ductile failure mechanism at high temperature. The variation of sandstone strength under different temperature can be attributed to the occurrence of plastic deformation, fatigue fracture, and microcracking. The fatigue striations in the fracture surfaces under high temperature may be interpreted as micro fold. And the coupled effect of temperature and tensile stress may be another formation mechanism of micro fold in geology.     

受剪状态下化学锚栓群锚系统承载力

为了研究化学植筋式后锚固群锚系统抗剪承载力的影响因素,通过4组化学锚栓群锚系统受剪破坏性试验,研究在不同边距、不同间距下系统抗剪承载力情况.通过观察试件的破坏形式、测试破坏荷载以及有限元分析,结果表明:边距大小影响化学锚栓群锚系统破坏形式和锚栓位移,边距小会发生脆性破坏而边距大则发生延性破坏;植筋间距大小会影响群锚系统锚栓之间相互作用.间距小时,同一排锚栓产生的应力相互影响,裂缝会向锚栓深度方向上扩展,间距大时同一排锚栓的产生应力相互独立,开裂后混凝土形成两个独立楔形体.通过对比规范计算结果、有限元分析结果和试验结果,验证了现行规范关于抗剪承载力设计的可靠性.     

Strength properties and evolution laws of cracked sandstone samples in re-loading tests

To study the strength properties and evolution laws of cracked sandstone samples in re-loading tests,strength and damage evolution properties of intact sandstone samples were first analyzed through the triaxial compression tests carried on TAW-2000 microcomputer control electro-hydraulic servo rock triaxial test system. Damage evolution models were established based on dilatancy properties realizing the real-time and quantitative evaluation of samples damage state in loading process. On this basis, samples with different damage were obtained by pre-peak, peak point, post-peak and residual strength stage unloading tests in the loading process of intact samples. The characteristics of the stress-strain curves and strength evolution laws were studied through the re-loading tests of samples with different damage under different stress states. The experimental results showed that the slope of stress-strain curves, peak strength and residual strength of cracked samples increased linearly with confining pressure and decreased linearly with damage. The equivalent cohesion decreased with damage in the exponential decay curves. The mechanics properties of samples transformed from strain softening to strain hardening with damage.     

全螺纹高强锚栓锚固性能试验研究

为研究全螺纹高强锚栓的黏结锚固性能,以高强锚栓类型、高强锚栓直径d、锚固长度l_a及混凝土保护层厚度c为试验参数,进行了24组共计48个高强锚栓的拉拔试验。结果表明：端头高强锚栓较直高强锚栓可有效减小其所需的锚固长度。直高强锚栓黏结力主要集中在l_a=10d以内;增加c可以提高其锚固性能,增加l_a可以减小c对其黏结锚固性能的影响。混凝土的破坏程度和l_a直接影响高强锚栓受拉过程中能量转化和消耗。中国规范中有关锚栓锚固长度的设计方法过于保守。     

Size effect of sandstone after high temperature under uniaxial compression

Uniaxial compression tests on sandstone samples with five different sizes after high temperature processes were performed in order to investigate the size effect and its evolution. The test results show that the density, longitudinal wave velocity, peak strength, average modulus and secant modulus of sandstone decrease with the increase of temperature, however, peak strain increases gradually. With the increase of ratio of height to diameter, peak strength of sandstone decreases, which has an obvious size effect. A new theoretical model of size effect of sandstone material considering the influence of temperature is put forward, and with the increase of temperature, the size effect is more apparent. The threshold decreases gradually with the increase of temperature, and the deviations of the experimental values and the theoretical values are between 0.44% and 6.06%, which shows quite a credibility of the theoretical model.     

压力水-岩耦合作用下砂岩断口微观破坏机理

为了研究流固耦合作用下岩石的损伤劣化机理,以砂岩岩样为研究对象,采用流固耦合力学实验系统开展轴压水压耦合作用下单轴压缩、三轴压缩及三轴蠕变实验,借助扫描电子显微镜对岩样破裂断口的微观结构特征进行分析。结果表明:单轴饱水岩样破裂断口表面比干燥岩样出现更多的裂纹核,且断口形貌以沿晶断裂为主,穿晶断裂为辅;随着水压增大,三轴压缩岩样破裂断口表面裂纹核逐渐变少,剪切平行裂纹逐渐增多,岩样的宏观破坏形式从以张拉破坏为主逐渐向以剪切破坏为主转变;与三轴压缩岩样断口相比,三轴蠕变岩样破裂断口表面平整度和光滑度较差,晶体间联结更加紧密,剪切裂纹密度和深度增加。     

中等应变速率对砂岩破坏形态和力学性质的影响

以砂岩为研究对象,根据砂岩的颗粒分析试验、抗压强度、抗拉强度和强度试验结果,在颗粒流程序下,通过fish语言编程,虚拟实现了砂岩数值试件和单轴压缩试验,设计10-3、5×10-3、10-2、2×10-2、5×10-2、10-1、2×10-1s-1这7个应变率下的单轴压缩试验.分析应变率对砂岩破裂形态、裂纹数量和扩展、应力-应变曲线和能量转换的影响.结果发现:应变率的增加破坏了优势剪切带的发展,使得剪切带等速发展,材料由剪切破坏向锥形破坏发展;材料的力学性能表现出极大的伪增强,应力-应变曲线上扬、斜率提高、峰值提高,峰后曲线震荡剧烈;裂缝数量增多,其中拉裂缝减少,剪切裂缝增多;边界输入能量增加,造成加载过程中材料的摩擦能、动能和应变能单调增大,摩擦能增大说明剪切裂缝增多,动能增大说明破坏剧烈,应变能增大说明更容易产生岩爆现象.