城市污水消毒技术研究进展

污水再生利用是解决我国目前水资源紧缺的重要途径,而消毒是保证污水回收利用安全的技术关键。综述了国内外液氯、二氧化氯、臭氧、紫外线等污水回收利用杀菌消毒技术的作用机理、技术特点以及研究和应用现状,在此基础上提出了进一步探索适合污水消毒技术的建议,为污水消毒技术的研究和应用提供一定的参考。     

臭氧技术在废水处理中的应用

由于臭氧的强的氧化性能,使其成为一种强氧化剂和消毒剂;臭氧技术已经广泛用于废水处理行业,臭氧具有较好的的消毒杀菌、脱色、除臭味等作用,文章通过介绍臭氧的一些基本性质,臭氧消毒杀菌、氧化、脱色及除臭味的机理,臭氧的制取方式,现代臭氧技术的研究方向等,为废水处理中臭氧技术的应用提供参考。     

微电流电解消毒技术在海水维生系统中的应用

介绍了一种新的消毒方法-微电流电解消毒技术,该技术应用于海水维生系统的消毒工程,并与原来采用的臭氧消毒技术进行了比较.结果表明,采用微电流电解消毒技术对海水维生系统消毒的效果完全符合消毒要求,其消毒性能优于臭氧消毒,具有持续消毒能力,而且能耗极低,运行成本只有臭氧消毒的0.7%,微电流电解消毒开辟了水体消毒的新方法,具有广阔的应用前景.     

饮用水处理中的臭氧化技术

臭氧化技术是一种新型的消毒技术,与传统的消毒技术相比,该技术具有氧化能力强、杀菌效果好、接触时间短、受水中的pH值和氨氮影响小等优点。本文简述了臭氧的性质以及自来水的臭氧消毒工艺,并综述了臭氧与其他技术联用在饮用水处理中的应用,说明臭氧化技术存水处理中具有广泛的应用前景。     

墨西哥用臭氧净化污水经济高效

墨西哥国立自治大学的科研人员正在利用臭氧治理污水，臭氧可以达到100％的杀菌率，经过处理的污水可用于灌溉。这种方法是把臭氧直接放到水中，只要一个小时的时间，臭氧就能破坏病毒和细菌的分子结构而且不会产生副作用。这种方法比较简单，只要在污水处理的最后一个环节安装臭氧装置就行了。目前这种方法还处在试验阶段，这种方法比传统的消毒方法更经济。     

净水信息

墨西哥:利用臭氧净化污水经济又高效臭氧具有破坏多种有害微生物化学结构的功能,墨西哥国立自治大学的科研人员正在利用臭氧治理污水,臭氧可以达到100%的杀菌率,经过处理的污水可用于灌溉。据介绍,他们从空气中采集臭氧,同下水道里的污水混合在一起,它可以消灭污水中的细菌,如引起腹泻、发烧、视力疾病甚至死亡的细菌。而氯则不能完全消毒,它只能使细菌"昏睡",而不能将其摧毁。其他治污方法都要先用化学物质过滤,而现在这种方法是把臭氧直接放到水中,可以节省开支。只要一个     

臭氧工艺在市政污水和工业废水深度处理中的研究与应用

总结臭氧工艺在市政污水和工业废水深度处理中的研究与应用现状。介绍废水pH、缓冲体系、废水温度、通气流量、共存物等对臭氧工艺的影响;臭氧工艺在市政污水深度处理方面的应用;臭氧工艺、臭氧催化氧化工艺、臭氧联用技术、臭氧组合工艺在工业废水深度处理方面的研究现状。     

污水处理厂消毒技术对抗生素抗性菌的去除效果分析

污水处理厂的水中主要存在氨苄霉素抗性菌(AMP)、红霉素抗性菌(ERY)、四环素抗性菌(TET)、卡那霉素抗性菌(KAN)以及环丙沙星抗性菌(CIP)这几种抗生素抗性菌。通过利用消毒技术来去除这些抗生素抗性菌,主要包括臭氧消毒、次氯酸钠消毒、紫外线消毒以及紫外耦合次氯酸钠消毒等。主要针对污水处理厂消毒技术对抗生素抗性菌的去除方法和去除效果进行了深入分析,并提出了结论。     

臭氧高级氧化污水处理技术综述

通过对臭氧技术的发展历史的回顾,总结了基于臭氧处理污水的技术,针对臭氧性质及臭氧与其它技术的结合方法,分类阐述了不同技术耦合处理污水的技术现状,并分析了不同技术的特点,指出了臭氧处理污水的关键参数和相互影响关系,提出了臭氧处理污水的技术发展和研究热点,对工程技术人员有一定的参考指导意义。     

乙烯厂污水回用实例介绍

在乙烯厂中,因污染因子多,污水含油高等因素限制了污水回用技术的推广。此外,在环保要求愈来愈严格的今天,浓排水的妥善处理是另一个影响因素。在某石化企业的应用实例中,采用曝气生物滤池+臭氧+超滤+反渗透双膜法处理污水,回用于循环冷却水,同时采用臭氧氧化将难处理的反渗透浓排水处理到满足地方污水指标。工程实践证明这些方法在乙烯厂的污水回用处理中行之有效。     

Ozone Disinfection and Wastewater Treatment Importance of Interface Action

For potable water treatment, the intent of disinfection is to provide absolute safety in terms of pathogenic microorganisms or viruses. In the case of waste water treatment, the main goal of disinfection is to reduce the concentration of germs. The pratical conditions of ozone application can be changed, so that the necessary applied ozone dose is reduced. Certain polyelectrolytes have an effect on the mass transfer of ozone. That effect seems to be present both on bubble–water mass transfer and on disinfection. So the addition of polyelectrolyte before ozonation is able to reduce the applied ozone dose required ; that is to increase the efficiency of disinfection by ozone.     

The Impacts of New CT Requirements for Designing Ozone Systems for Cryptosporidium Inactivation

The impacts of new CT requirements for ozone disinfection of Cryptosporidium are evaluated using a desktop CT disinfection analysis. The analysis is applied to the design of new and upgraded ozone systems for two water treatment plants in Virginia. The results indicate that the feasibility of ozone disinfection of Cryptosporidium is dependent on ozone demand and decay characteristics of the water supply and may not be feasible for water supplies with moderate to high ozone decay rates. The CT analysis is a useful design procedure to evaluate the benefit-cost tradeoffs of using ozone to achieve alternative disinfection goals.     

Recent Development in the Role of Ozone in Water Purification and its Implications in Developing Countries

The recent discovery of chlorine-based halo–organic carcinogens in water supplies has highlighted the study of ozone as a suitable replacement to chlorine. Ozone is the most powerful oxidizing agent among water disinfectants. It has been used for water purification prior to chlorine and only its high cost has hampered its wider application. The recently discovered adverse effects of chlorine have buttresssed the use of ozone in water disinfection and today, over 1,100 water treatment plants around the world use ozone for disinfection. Large scale introduction of new disinfection systems in the developed countries will require suitable modifications in numerous existing water treatment plants. However, in the developing countries, the majority of the people do not yet have access to safe water supplies and the availability of plants which assure good quality water is ranked among the top priority targets in all national development programs in these countries.     

Designing High Concentration Ozone Contactors for Drinking Water Treatment Plants

The design of high concentration ozone contacting systems requires special attention to ensure that mass transfer, mixing and disinfection objectives are met when low volumetric gas flow rates are used. This becomes especially critical when the ozone contactor is designed for primary disinfection and must meet CT (ozone concentration multiplied by contact time] disinfection values. This paper presents design guidelines for high concentration ozone contactors. These guidelines then are applied to the design of a new 55-mgd two-stage ozonation potable water plant for Henrico County, Virginia. Finally, a new type of in–line ozone injection contactor is presented as an alternative to fine-bubble diffusion contactors to provide primary disinfection.     

次氯酸钠现场生产系统在大中型水厂的应用

介绍了次氯酸钠现场生产系统的技术原理和在上海长兴水厂的应用,并与其它几种饮用水消毒手段：投加氯气、二氧化氯、商品次氯酸钠、臭氧以及紫外线照射进行了比较。表明次氯酸钠现场生产技术与液氯或商品次氯酸钠消毒技术相比,是一种无论在原料运输、制备、贮存、投加方面都很安全并有良好即时和持续消毒效果的技术,在经济性方面也比商品次氯酸钠技术优越,次氯酸钠现场生产技术较为适合于大中型自来水厂消毒。     

氧化性消毒剂的优劣分析及发展趋势

论述了氯气、二氧化氯、臭氧的氧化消毒特性,比较了三者在制取、价格等方面的优劣。阐明了以臭氧作为氧化消毒剂有可能成为今后水处理技术发展的趋势     

饮用水源腐殖酸高级氧化去除技术研究进展

自然水体中腐殖酸类天然有机物(NOM)在水厂氯化消毒过程中会生成卤代消毒副产物,因此腐殖酸的有效去除对于消减消毒副产物、提升饮用水水质具有重要的意义。高级氧化技术因其独特的除污染效能受到研究者们的广泛关注,本文综述了基于臭氧和紫外的两种高级氧化技术进展,介绍了高级氧化与其他水处理技术联用工艺,比较了各种工艺技术的优缺点,提出了该技术拟解决的主要技术问题及未来研究发展方向。     

Influence of Preozonation on the Formation of Chlorination Disinfection By-products – A Case Study: The Úzquiza Reservoir Water

The influence of preozonation on the formation of chlorination disinfection by-products (DBPs) is studied for three different types of water: a natural water from the Úzquiza Reservoir (Burgos, Spain), synthetics waters prepared using natural fulvic and humic acids extracted from the Úzquiza Reservoir and a synthetic water prepared using a commercially supplied humic acid. The main factors intervening in this process have been reviewed: the delay time between ozonation and chlorination, the ozone reaction pathway, the type of NOM, the applied ozone dose and the presence of bromide ion. Preozonation decreases trihalomethane formation potential (THMFP) for both humic and fulvic acids, being this effect more significant for the humic acids. The molecular pathway of ozone seems to be more selective than the radical pathway for THMFP removal from humic acids. Ion bromide content of the raw water greatly influences the effect of preozonation on THMFP. The influence of preozonation on the formation of some minority DBPs has been studied too.     

臭氧处理循环冷却水的动态模拟实验

把臭氧用于循环冷却水的处理在国内是新的尝试。动态实验的结果表明，臭氧系统的污垢热阻已接近工业允许值，与空白系统相比，污垢沉积率减小，腐蚀速率减小，生物粘泥减少，说明臭氧起到阻垢、缓蚀、杀菌的效果。同时，实验中发现系统的腐蚀在初期比较严重，因此，运行初期应加强防腐措施。     

饮用水二次消毒方法评析与择优

对典型的氯化、二氧化氯、次氯酸钠、臭氧、紫外线和微电解等水的主要消毒技术与工艺，在灭菌可靠性，产物毒副性，管理安全性，操作方便性，经济适用性等方面进行了评价与分析，并对适用于居住区生活饮用水二次消毒技术和工艺进行了择优与探讨，认为紫外线灭菌具有高效、安全、经济等特点，可作为饮用水二次消毒首选方案，微电解消毒具有较高的灭菌效果，持续灭菌能力和方便安全等特点，作为饮用水二次消毒技术具有潜在、广阔的开发与应用前景。