应用于大规模FPGA的解析式布局算法

针对FPGA的结构特点,借鉴ASIC布局算法中非线性建模思想,提出一种应用于大规模FPGA的解析式布局算法.该算法以非线性线长为目标,采用较少迭代次数的共轭梯度方法作为求解器,解决组合优化方法时间大量消耗问题.实验结果表明,该方法能够在较短的时间得到较好的布局质量,与FastPlace的结果对比证明了其有效性.     

考虑重叠度和线长的单元密度平滑方法

针对目前力指向布局中单元移动式的密度平滑方法存在对优化结果破坏较大、收敛速度较慢的缺点,提出一种考虑重叠度和线长的密度平滑方法(DSAW).该方法结合局部和全局的密度分布来确定单元移动距离,使单元移动中尽量减少对线长的破坏;同时对面积大的单元进行了离散化处理,通过矢量求和来确定大单元的移动距离,减少计算误差.将DSAW嵌入到使用基于扩散的密度平滑方法(DPlace)布局器中的实验结果表明,与DPlace相比,文中方法使线长降低7%,总体运行时间有明显的提高.     

采用统一建模的拥挤度驱动三维芯片布局算法

三维芯片设计对于提高芯片性能以及减少线长显现了很好的优势,降低连线拥挤度是保证布线成功率和三维芯片实现的关键.为了解决三维芯片布局阶段的拥挤度问题,提出一种拥挤度驱动的三维芯片布局算法.该算法首先对拥挤度单元分布和线长等优化目标进行统一建模,利用二次规划求解单元位置,得到一个单元分布均匀、走线均匀以及线长优化的总体布局;然后利用拥挤度驱动的层分配算法将空间上均匀分布的单元分配到各个芯片层上;最后对各个芯片层进行详细布局,消除重叠,优化拥挤度和线长.实验结果表明,该算法能够改善走线拥挤度约15%,而线长仅有3%的增加.     

基于粒子群优化算法的约束布局优化

布局优化是NP难问题，也是复杂的非线性约束优化问题．针对这个问题，将新的基于粒子群优化的方法应用于布局参数的优化，提出了适合粒子群优化的约束处理，并通过与直接搜索算法的混合，加强了算法在局部区域的搜索能力．通过实例将该算法与乘子法以及基于遗传算法的布局优化方法进行了比较．仿真结果表明，该算法可以提高布局优化问题解的质量，同时降低计算费用．     

层次式FPGA快速布局算法

随着现代FPGA规模与结构迅速发展,对FPGA物理设计的要求越来越高,为此,对商业化层次式FPGA提出一种快速布局算法.以基于划分的布局方法作为基本算法框架,针对层次式FPGA的结构制定计划分粒度控制、空间分配和线网权重分配等优化策略,对电路划分过程(整体布局过程)和详细布局过程进行优化.实验结果表明,该算法在实现快速布局的同时,嵌入的优化策略平均将总线长缩短29%;与基于结群的层次式FPGA布局算法相比,平均线长仅为基于结群算法的60%,同时平均运行速度快4倍多.     

一种辨识Wiener-Hammerstein模型的新方法

针对非线性Wiener-Hammerstein模型,提出利用粒子群优化算法对非线性模型进行辨识的新方法.该方法的基本思想是将非线性系统的辨识问题转化为参数空间上的优化问题;然后采用粒子群优化算法获得该优化问题的解.为了进一步增强粒子群优化算法的辨识性能,提出利用一种混合粒子群优化算法.最后,仿真结果验证了该方法的有效性和可行性.     

异步粒子群优化算法在QoS组播路由中的应用

QoS组播路由问题是一个非线性的组合优化问题,已证明了该问题是NP完全问题。为适应下一代IP网络对实时信息传输的要求,在异步模式粒子群优化算法基础上,给出包含延迟、延迟抖动、带宽、丢包率和最小花费5个约束条件在内的QoS组播路由算法。该算法首先给出数学模型,设计适应度函数,再给出受限的网络模型,通过粒子群优化(PSO)算法最大化适应度函数来求解最优Steiner树。算法仿真实验结果表明:与遗传算法和同步模式的粒子群优化算法相比,该算法有较好的收敛速度和寻优效果。     

力驱动三维FPGA布局算法

三维FPGA布局问题的复杂度与二维情况相比成指数倍增长,布局算法需要花费大量时间,影响了FPGA物理设计效率.为了在保证布局质量的前提下缩短布局时间,提出以线长为优化目标基于力驱动的三维FPGA布局算法——3D-WFP.该算法由整体布局、坐标合法化和层划分、布局优化3个阶段组成,通过力驱动算法快速形成整体布局,为后续2个子过程提供更精确的逻辑单元位置和时延信息.提出三维空间填充曲线,根据位置和时延信息依次对逻辑单元按照三维空间填充曲线进行坐标合法化和层划分;修正了低温模拟退火进行布局优化的解空间,大大加快了低温模拟退火的收敛速度.与已有的三维FPGA布局算法比较,3D-WFP在保证运行时间和时延性能的前提下,有效地缩短了最终布局结果,缩短的总线长达7.38%.     

一种改进的PSO网格调度算法

提出了一种基于独立任务的改进PSO网格调度算法(MCPSO)。该算法结合粒子群优化算法和混沌机制,在保证寻优速度的同时又能兼顾"跳出"局部最优的能力。实验结果表明,与基本粒子群优化算法相比,该算法具有更好的收敛速度和求解质量。     

一种非线性权重的自适应粒子群优化算法

针对粒子群优化算法中出现早熟和不收敛问题,分析了基本PSO算法参数对其优化性能的影响,提出了基于非线性权重的自适应粒子群优化算法（NWAPSO）。在优化过程中,惯性权重随迭代次数非线性变化,改进的算法能使粒子自适应地改变搜索速度进行搜索,并与基本粒子群算法以及其他改进的粒子群算法进行了比较。实验结果表明,该算法在搜索精度和收敛速度等方面有明显优势。特别对于高维、多峰等复杂非线性优化问题,算法的优越性更明显。     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计及其仿真实现

为了设计一种具有低成本、低功耗、易操作、功能强且可靠性高的煤矿井下安全分站,针对煤矿安全生产实际,文章提出了采用MCS-51系列单片机为核心、具有CAN总线通信接口的煤矿井下安全监控分站的设计方案;首先给出煤矿井下安全监控分站的整体构架设计,然后着重阐述模拟量输入信号处理系统的设计过程,最后说明单片机最小系统及其键盘、显示、报警、通信等各个组成部分的设计;为验证设计方案的可行性与有效性,使用Proteus软件对设计内容进行仿真验证,设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有瓦斯、温度等模拟量参数超标报警功能和电机开停、风门开闭等开关量指示功能;仿真结果表明:设计的煤矿井下安全监控分站具有一定的实际应用价值.     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。