Ti-6A1-4V表面激光熔覆钛基复合涂层的微观组织及形成机制

Titanium matrix composite coatings were fabricated on Ti-6A1-4V substrate by laser cladding using powder mixtures of Ti Cr3C2 and Ti TiB2, respectively. The chemical compositions and mi-crostructures of the coatings were analyzed using scanning electron microscope (SEM), energy dispersive spectrometer (EDS) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Microhardness was measured by a microhardness tester. The results showed that Cr3C2 particles were dissolved and deposited to form dendritic TiC in the upper section and spherical grain TiC in the bottom of Cr3C2 Ti coating. Most of TiB2 was dissolved in the molten pool by laser irradiation, then formed TiB with fine needles and coarse needles in the TiB2 Ti coating. A few quasi-melted TiB2 particles with irregular shape at the bottom of the coating were observed. The average microhardnesses were approximately HV850-V1000, HV800-V1050 in the Cr3C2 Ti and TiB2 Ti coating, respectively, which were 2-3 times higher than that of Ti-6A1-4V substrate.     

Interdiffusion of the p-InP with Au−Zn,Ti/Au,Pd/Au,Ti/Pd/Au at interface and their electrical properties

 In this report,the interdiffusion between the p-InP with Au-Zn,Ti/Au,Pd/Au and Ti/Pd/Au at interface have been investigated by Auger electron spectroscopy and electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis.The surface morphology for the heat treatment are observed with scanning electron microscopy. It is found that the indiffusion of Au is easier than that of Pd and Ti and the outdiffusion of In is easier than that of P.The combination state of In and Au is formed during the heat treatment of p-InP/Au-Zn. The effects of the alloying temperature and time on the specific contacts resistance of p-InP/Au-Zn system are studided.The low specific contact resistance,p_c=2.4-2.7×10~(-4)Ω-cm~2,is obtained when alloying at 450℃ for 2 min or at 350℃ for 30 min. These results indicate that the specific contact resistance strongly depend on the“interdiffusion degree”.The Zn in Au-Zn ahoy distributes onto the most surface layer of p-InP/Au-Zn system during evaporation process and heat treatment.It may be one of the reasons for the higher specific contacts resistance.     

INTERDIFFUSION OF THE p-InP WITH Au-Zn,Ti/Au,Pd/Au,Ti/Pd/Au AT INTERFACE AND THEIR ELECTRICAL PROPERTIES

In this report,the interdiffusion between the p-InP with Au-Zn,Ti/Au,Pd/Au and Ti/Pd/Au atinterface have been investigated by Auger electron spectroscopy and electron spectroscopy for chemicalanalysis.The surface morphology for the heat treatment are observed with scanning electron microscopy.It is found that the indiffusion of Au is easier than that of Pd and Ti and the outdiffusion of In is easierthan that of P.The combination state of In and Au is formed during the heat treatment of p-InP/Au-Zn.The effects of the alloying temperature and time on the specific contacts resistance of p-InP/Au-Zn systemare studided.The low specific contact resistance,p_c=2.4-2.7×10~(-4)Ω-cm~2,is obtained when alloying at450℃ for 2 min or at 350℃ for 30 min.These results indicate that the specific contact resistance strongly depend on the“interdiffusiondegree”.The Zn in Au-Zn ahoy distributes onto the most surface layer of p-InP/Au-Zn system duringevaporation process and heat treatment.It may be one of the reasons for the higher specific contactsresistance.     

Pulsed laser treatment of plasma sprayed coatings

A pulsed CO₂-TEA laser was used to melt the surface of plasma-sprayed coatings. An analysis of the laser parameters on the heat transfer is made: the melt depth and the surface temperature were calculated for different laser inputs. It was found that the pulse length must be in the range of 20 to 40 μ s in order to fill up the pores of the coating and to keep the surface temperature below the boiling range. Experimental results on surface modification are explained in terms of power density.     

基于GaAs基大功率激光器的热分析

The thermal characteristics of 808 nm Al Ga As/Ga As laser diodes(LDs) are analyzed via electrical transient measurements and infrared thermography. The temperature rise and thermal resistance are measured at various input currents and powers. From the electrical transient measurements, it is found that there is a significant reduction in thermal resistance with increasing power because of the device power conversion efficiency. The component thermal resistance that was obtained from the structure function showed that the total thermal resistance is mainly composed of the thermal resistance of the sub-mount rather than that of the LD chip, and the thermal resistance of the sub-mount decreases with increasing current. The temperature rise values are also measured by infrared thermography and are calibrated based on a reference image, with results that are lower than those determined by electrical transient measurements. The difference in the results is caused by the limited spatial resolution of the measurements and by the signal being captured from the facet rather than from the junction of the laser diode.     

Effect of nitrogen pressure on optical properties and microstructure of diamond-like carbon films grown by pulsed laser deposition

The effect of nitrogen pressure on optical properties of hydrogen-free diamond-like carbon (DLC) films deposited by pulsed laser ablation graphite in different background pressures of nitrogen is reported. By varying nitrogen pressures from 0.05 to 15.00 Pa, the photoluminescence is gradually increased and optical transmittance is gradually decreased. Atomic force microscopy (AFM) is used to observe the surface morphology of the DLC films. The results indicate that the surface becomes unsmoothed and there a...     

Study on the composite Nd：YAG crystal by laser micro- Raman spectroscopy

The composite Nd:YAG crystal with undoped YAG end caps was fabricated by thermal bonding technique. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) result shows that the width of the bonded interface was about 0.5 μm. The laser micro-Raman was used to study the bonded interface of the composite crystal. The results of Raman spectra and the bonded interface image indicate that the undoped YAG and Nd:YAG crystals have been well bonded together. Furthermore, it can be drawn that the structure and the composition of the bonded interface are the same as the undoped YAG crystal, and that the Nd3 ions do not enter the bonded interface and the YAG side. This property is advantageous to decrease the thermal effect of the boned interface and to improve the laser stability.     

Preparation of nanophase M-type ferrite and its laser-attenuated characteristics

By citrate sol-gel auto-combustion method,the nanophase M-type planar hexagonal ferrite is prepared.The transmission electron microscopy(TEM),X-ray diffraction(XRD) and thermal analysis are used to study the grain size,phase composition,microstructure and crystallization process.The results show that the nanophase M-type Sr-ferrite prepared by this method is single,and its grain size is smaller than 100 nm.Moreover,most of the grains present hexagonal sheet shape.Tests are carried out for its attenuation to 1.06 mm laser.It is found that the extinction capability of the nanophase M-type Sr-ferrite smoke is good,and its mass extinction coefficient is 1.628 m2/g.     

Cubic AlN thin film formation on quartz substrate by pulse laser deposition

Cubic AlN thin films were obtained on quartz substrate by pulse laser deposition in a nitrogen reactive atmosphere. A Nd-YAG laser with a wavelength of 1064 nm was used as the laser source. In order to study the influence of the process parameters on the deposited AlN film, the experiments were performed at various technique parameters of laser energy density from 70 to 260 J/cm², substrate temperature from room temperature to 800℃ and nitrogen pressure from 0.1 to 50 Pa. X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy were applied to characterize the structure and surface morphology of the deposited AlN films. It was found that the structure of AlN films deposited in a vacuum is rocksalt under the condition of substrate temperature 600-800℃, nitrogen pressure 10-0.1 Pa and a moderate laser energy density (190 J/cm²). The high quality AlN film exhibited good optical property.     

Calculation and Improvement on External Quantum Efficiency of OLEDs

The calculation of the external quantum efficiency （ηext） of organic light-emitting devices （OLEDs） is presented theoretically. The basic idea is to obtain ηext by calculating the fraction of the generated light that can escape through the top surface and the average transmittance over the escape cone. During the calculation, the effects of the interference, absorption and multiple reflections are neglected. Then a result of a typical 8-tris-hydroxyquinoline aluminum（Alq3）-based OLEDs on a planar glass substrate is obtained. And a twice increase in ηext, can be achieved by using a high-index-glass substrate with an antireflection coating（SiO2） on substrate surface.     

回火处理对激光熔覆颗粒增强镍基复合涂层组织及耐磨性的影响

采用优化的激光熔覆工艺在45#钢表面制备了质量良好的颗粒增强多道镍基复合Ni60CuMoW涂层。通过X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)和能谱(EDS)等表征手段研究了涂层的显微组织、颗粒相分布和结构特征。根据显微硬度和盘销式干摩擦磨损实验数据,比较了回火处理前后颗粒增强激光熔覆复合涂层的显微硬度分布和耐磨性能,并就热处理对磨损机制的影响进行了分析。结果表明,激光原位制备的颗粒增强镍基复合熔覆涂层经回火处理后,距结合界面0.3～0.8mm区域范围内析出的复合碳化物和硼化物硬质颗粒结构完整、尺寸分布均匀、密度大,与基体相界面呈牢固的冶金结合。回火处理前后涂层熔覆区的显微硬度较基体分别提高了4.9倍和5.8倍;耐磨性较基体分别提高了1.1倍和2.9倍。     

Cr12MoV模具钢激光熔覆Fe基合金的组织与性能分析

为了进一步提高模具钢表面的硬度和耐磨性能,以Cr12MoV作为基体材料,利用2 kW半导体激光器,以同轴送粉的方式在其表面上熔覆高硬度的Fe基合金粉末。通过光学显微镜、X射线衍射、扫描电镜分析熔覆层的组织形貌和物相;用显微硬度计测试熔覆层的显微硬度,用磨损试验机进行耐磨试验。进而研究激光功率、扫描速度和送粉量等工艺参数对熔覆层组织性能的影响,确定了最优化工艺参数。实验结果表明,使熔覆层的硬度和耐磨性较优良的工艺参数为:激光功率为1.2 kW,扫描速度为720 mm/s,送粉量为8.5 g/min。在此工艺参数下,熔覆层无裂纹、气孔、夹渣等缺陷,且显微硬度和耐磨性能得到显著提高,最高硬度达921 HV0.2,熔覆层的磨损失重仅为基体材料的25%,明显高于基体的硬度和耐磨性,这归因于熔覆层中存在V4C3、Cr23C6、Cr7C3等细小树枝晶。     

AZ31B镁合金表面激光合金化Al-Cu涂层制备及其性能研究

针对镁合金表面耐磨性差的问题,采用预置粉末法对AZ31B镁合金表面进行激光合金化Al-Cu粉末试验。通过扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)仪、显微硬度计、摩擦磨损试验机对合金化涂层的相组成、微结构及性能进行了分析。结果表明,涂层与基体呈冶金结合、组织均匀致密、呈网状结构;涂层中除了有α-Mg、β-Al12Mg17外还含有CuMg2,且β-Al12Mg17含量远高于基体材料;涂层的显微硬度由50HV提高到210～265HV,为基体的4～5倍,相对耐磨性为2.5。     

Ti-6Al-4V合金SiC粉激光表面合金化组织与耐磨性

利用预涂ＳｉＣ粉的方法对Ｔｉ－６Ａｌ－４Ｖ合金进行激光表面合金化实验,制得了以ＴｉＣ和金属间化合物Ｔｉ_５Ｓｉ_３为增强相的耐磨复合材料表面改性层,合金层硬度及在二体磨料磨损与滑动磨损条件下的耐磨性均大幅度提高。表明利用ＳｉＣ粉激光表面合金化是提高钛合金耐磨性的一种有效方法。     

激光制备原位自生NbC-VC颗粒增强镍基熔覆层

采用预涂粉末激光熔覆技术,在A3钢表面制备出原位自生NbC-VC颗粒增强的镍基复合涂层。使用扫描电镜、电子能谱、和X射线衍射仪对熔覆层的显微组织和物相构成进行了分析,并对熔覆层进行了硬度、摩擦性能测试。结果表明,原位生成NbC-VC颗粒增强镍基复合涂层与基材呈现良好的冶金结合,熔覆层底部组织为定向生长的γ（NiFe）树...     

纳米CeO2对激光熔覆Ni基合金层组织与性能的影响

为了研究纳米CeO2颗粒对激光熔覆层的组织和性能的影响,在Q235钢基体上制备了加入不同量纳米CeO2的Ni基合金熔覆层,利用OLMPUS PME-3型光学显微镜,XD-3A型X射线衍射仪,HV-1000型显微硬度计,MM-200型环-块磨损试验机和扫描电镜等对激光熔覆层显微组织、相结构、显微硬度、磨损性能和磨损机理进行了研究。结果表明,在激光熔覆层中添加纳米CeO2能够细化组织,改变凝固组织的形态。当加入质量分数为1.5%的纳米CeO2时,熔覆层凝固组织形态为等轴树枝晶;生成了含Ce的新相Ce2Ni21B6,明显提高了熔覆层的显微硬度和耐磨性;熔覆层磨损由严重磨损转化为轻微磨损。但是加入过量的纳米CeO2,硬度反而降低。     

钒氮合金对激光熔覆钴基合金涂层组织和耐磨性的影响

利用5 kW CO2连续激光,在低碳钢表面熔覆钴基合金和添加钒氮合金的钴基合金涂层.采用光学显微镜(OP)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)和X射线衍射仪(XRD)研究了熔覆层的显微组织和相结构;利用显微硬度计及滑动磨损试验机测试了熔覆层的硬度和抗磨损性能.结果表明,Co基合金涂层主要组成相为γ-Co与碳化物Cr23C6;加入钒氮合金后,出现了σ-FeV和VN等相,涂层凝固组织明显细化,熔覆层硬度提高,凡界面处硬度均比表层高;熔覆层的耐磨性随钒氮合金的加入及激光扫描速度的增加而提高,同时对熔覆层的磨损机制进行了分析.     

激光熔覆Cr7C3增强铬镍硅涂层组织与耐磨性

为了提高材料耐磨性,以Cr3C2和0.47Cr-0.50Mi-0.03Si合金粉末为原料,利用激光熔覆制备工艺,在A3钢表面制得了Cr7C3硬质相增强Cr-Ni-Si金属硅化物复合材料涂层;利用光学显微镜、扫描电子显微镜、X射线衍射仪、能谱仪与电子探针等分析了涂层的显微组织,并在室温干滑动条件下测试其耐磨性能。结果表明,硬质颗粒相Cr7C3的加入,显著提高了Cr-Ni-Si金属硅化物涂层的硬度,涂层具有良好的室温耐磨性能。     

Mn13Cr2表面激光熔覆Ni60A/WC涂层研究

采用同轴送粉法,通过YLS-4000多模光纤激光器以不同功率在高锰钢表面激光熔覆Ni/WC陶瓷复合涂层,通过光学显微镜、显微硬度计,对涂层的组织形貌、显微硬度进行了分析研究,做了室温干摩擦磨损试验并分析研究了涂层的耐磨性能。结果表明,Ni/WC层组织沿深度方向依次出现细小的胞状晶、树枝晶、柱状树枝晶和薄的平面晶,在1600 W、1900 W、2200 W的激光功率下对应的Ni/WC层的平均显微硬度分别为980.7 HV0.1、901.0 HV0.1、809.4 HV0.1,分别为基材平均显微硬度的2.8、2.5、2.3倍。在相同摩擦磨损试验条件下,基体的磨损量是激光功率为1600 W条件下的熔覆层的10.4倍,在激光功率为1600 W时,通过激光熔覆获得了组织致密均匀、硬度高和具有良好耐磨性的涂层。     

原位生成VC-VB-B4C复合颗粒增强镍基激光熔覆层

采用预涂粉末激光熔覆技术,在A3钢表面成功制备出原位生成VC-VB-B4C复合颗粒增强的镍基复合涂层.使用扫描电镜(SEM),EDS能谱和X射线衍射(XRD)对熔覆层的显微组织和物相构成进行了分析,并对熔覆层进行了硬度、摩擦性能测试.结果表明,原位生成VC-VB-B4C复合颗粒增强镍基复合涂层与基材呈冶金结合.熔覆层底部组织为定向生长的γ(Ni)树枝晶,熔覆层中、上部组织为大量先共晶析出的VC-VB-B4C颗粒相和Cr3C2条状相均匀分布于γ(Ni)基体中.熔覆层具有高的硬度(平均硬度HV0.31350)和良好的耐磨性,其磨损失重仅为纯Ni60熔覆层的1/3.熔覆层硬度和耐磨性的提高归因于大量VC-VB-B4C复合颗粒的形成及其在涂层中的均匀分布.