Performance analysis of the minimum variance beamformer in thepresence of steering vector errors

We present an analysis of the signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) at the output of the minimum variance beamformer in the presence of steering vector errors. The analysis yields an explicit expression for the SINR in terms of the variance of the steering vector errors and the other parameters affecting performance, including signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), interference-to-noise ratio (INR), signal-to-interference ratio (SIR), angular separation between desired signal and interference, array size and shape, correlation between desired signal and interference, and finite sample size     

On the performance of a polarization sensitive adaptive array

The ability of a least mean square (LMS) adaptive array to adapt to the electromagnetic polarization of incoming signals is considered. An array of two pairs of crossed dipoles is studied. A desired signal and an interference signal are assumed to arrive from arbitrary directions with arbitrary elliptical polarizations. The output signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) from the array is computed as a function of the signal angles of arrival and polarizations. It is shown that as long as certain special desired signal polarizations are avoided, the array is difficult to jam with a single interference signal. To produce a poor SINR, an interference signal must both arrive from the same direction and have the same polarization as the desired signal.     

The tripole antenna: An adaptive array with full polarization flexibility

The performance of an adaptive array using three mutually perpendicular dipoles (a "tripole") is studied. A desired signal and an interference signal, each with arbitrary angle of arrival and polarization, are assumed incident on the array. Uncorrelated thermal noise is also assumed present on each element signal. The output desired signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) is computed as a function of the signal arrival angles and polarizations. It is shown that for most angles of arrival and polarizations, the array has an excellent ability to protect a desired signal from interference. Certain special cases where the performance is not good are discussed in detail.     

极化敏感阵列滤波性能分析:完全极化情形

本文研究了完全极化情形下极化敏感阵列滤波性能.期望信号和干扰信号来自任意方向,并且任意极化,推导获得阵列最大输出信号干扰噪声比SINR,它是空间匹配系数和极化匹配系数的函数.与普通阵列相比较,极化敏感阵列不仅可以在空域滤波,而且可以在极化域滤波.当干扰和期望信号到达角差别较大时,阵列通过调整方向特性抑制干扰、增强信号;当干扰信号和期望信号到达角接近时,仍然可以利用它们极化状态的差异提高SINR.对于干扰方来讲,要想获得较好的干扰效果,干扰信号必须要和期望信号具有相同的到达角和极化状态.具体的算例结果验证了理论分析的正确性.     

The maximin algorithm for adaptive arrays and frequency-hopping communications

An algorithm is described for maximizing of the signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) at the output of an adaptive array. The algorithm discriminates between the desired signal and any interference on the basis of the spectral characteristics of frequency-hopping signals. The algorithm maximizes the SINR by maximizing the desired.signal output power while simultaneously minimizing the interference-plus-noise output power. Rapid convergence of the weights to the steady-state values is achieved by the adjustment of the loop gain as a function of the estimated SINR at each iteration. Implementation of the algorithm in conjunction with a frequency-hopping modem is explained. Computer simulation results describe both the steady-state and transient responses of the system under various jamming conditions. The results indicate a rapid dynamic response and the steering of deep nulls over a wide range of the SINR.     

Finite data performance analysis of a sidelobe canceller

The performance of the generalized sidelobe canceller (GSC) is affected by the desired signal (DS) even if all signals are uncorrelated with each other when the DS exists in the received array data with finite snapshot number. Under the condition that the DS is blocked totally in the auxiliary array, a novel expression of the weight vector of the GSC, where the auxiliary array is separated from the main array, is derived for the finite data. Based on the new weight vector, the corresponding expressions of the output signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) can be developed for the case that all signals, including the DS and interference signals, are independent with each other. Then, effects on the SINR for some parameters, including the signal-to-noise ratio, the array antenna number, the direction-of-arrival of the interference signal and the interference-to-noise ratio, are studied, respectively. Some guidelines can thus be obtained for the practical application.

     

期望信号功率对MVDR算法性能的影响分析

当接收数据中存在期望信号时,即使是入射信号互相独立, 最小方差无失真响应（minimum variance distortionless response ,MVDR）算法性能都受期望信号功率的影响。在各入射信号相互独立的前提下,本文先是分析了期望信号功率对期望信号输出功率和干扰加噪声输出功率的影响,接着分析了该影响下的输出信干噪比（SINR,signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio）以及它的收敛速度的变化情况。分析表明,输出SINR在一定范围内是随着期望信号功率的变大而增加,但是当期望信号功率变大到一定程度后,干扰被抑制的强度会随着期望信号功率的变大而减弱,从而导致输出SINR不再随期望信号功率的增大发生变化。SINR的收敛速度也随期望信号功率的增大而变慢。仿真验证了分析结果的有效性。      

极化敏感阵列斜投影滤波性能分析

该文研究了极化敏感阵列采用斜投影滤波和正交投影滤波的输出信干噪比(SINR)特性。推导获得了斜投影滤波与正交投影滤波在理想情况和存在阵列误差时的输出SINR 计算式:理想情况下输出SINR 是信噪比(SNR)、目标与干扰的空域和极化域匹配系数的函数;存在阵列误差情况时输出SINR 受信噪比,干噪比(INR)、目标与干扰的空域-极化域匹配系数及误差扰动量共同影响。分析表明,相比正交投影滤波而言,斜投影滤波的输出SINR没有改善,也不能提高误差稳健性,它们均低于最优输出SINR;正交投影与斜投影输出SINR 相同的成因并不一样,正交投影滤波改变了目标的幅相特性,滤波后目标有损失;斜投影滤波改变了输出噪声的空域-极化域特性,放大了输出噪声的功率。最后通过仿真实验验证了理论分析的正确性。      

Coherent interference suppression with complementally transformedadaptive beamformer

This paper proposes a beamforming scheme for suppressing coherent interference with an array of arbitrary geometry. The scheme first uses estimates of the source directions to construct a transformation, which removes the desired signal while retaining the coherent interference. Optimum beamforming is then performed on the transformed data containing only interference and noise to produce the maximum output signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR). Analysis and numerical results demonstrate that the proposed complementally transformed beamformer significantly outperforms the conventional multiply constrained minimum variance (MCMV) beamformers     

On eigenvalues, SINR, and element patterns in adaptive arrays

A simple relationship between the output signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) of an adaptive array and the eigenvalues of the associate signal covariance matrix is pointed out. For two simple cases involving continuous wave (CW) signals, it is shown that the eigenvalue associated with the desired signal is equal to the SINR plus one. This relationship is useful for understanding the effects of element patterns and spacings on eigenvalue behavior in adaptive arrays.     

集中式MIMO雷达与相控阵雷达干扰抑制性能对比

针对传统相控阵雷达与集中式多输入多输出( MIMO)雷达的干扰抑制性能优劣问题,对集中式MIMO雷达与相控阵雷达的信干噪比和改善因子进行了对比分析,从理论上研究了两种体制雷达的干扰抑制能力并进行了数字仿真。仿真结果表明,与传统相控阵雷达相比,集中式MIMO雷达通过提升信干噪比输出增强了干扰抑制能力。     

稳健的宽带多径干扰抑制波束形成算法

针对传统宽带多径干扰抑制波束形成算法计算量大、稳健性差的问题,提出一种基于均匀直线阵的稳健宽带多径干扰抑制波束形成算法。当期望信号垂直入射时,该算法首先在波束旁瓣区域引入虚拟干扰源构造能量聚焦矩阵,通过主瓣宽度的迭代处理,整体控制输出波束的旁瓣级,将旁瓣区域能量聚焦到主瓣区域,实现多径干扰条件下的宽带波束形成;然后对期望信号和辅助方位角施加相位响应约束,将其扩展至期望信号非垂直入射和存在指向误差的情况,与传统宽带多径干扰抑制波束形成算法相比,在提高算法稳健性的同时大大降低了计算复杂度;最后仿真分析与实际数据验证表明,该算法能够有效的抑制多径干扰,稳健性较好且具有较高的输出信干噪比。      

基于粒子群优化的数字波束形成算法

波束形成的加权系数求解是一个优化过程,现有算法大多经过多次迭代,计算量大,实现复杂。为降低波束形成算法复杂度,将粒子群优化原理应用于数字波束形成中,提出了基于粒子群优化的自适应数字波束形成算法。该算法将每一组权值作为一个粒子,将阵列加权和的输出信号与干扰噪声比(SINR)作为适应度函数,通过比较各个粒子的适应度值,进行迭代搜索得到最优解。该算法可使天线阵在主波束对准有用信号,同时能有效抑制两个以上的干扰,且对阵列通道误差有较好的稳健性。计算机仿真验证了算法的有效性。     

通道失配对极化敏感阵列滤波性能的影响

在极化敏感阵列通道失配条件下,建立了极化敏感阵列接收信号误差模型。把通道失配误差分解为阵元极化信息误差和阵列孔径信息误差,给出误差量明确物理解释。在单干扰源情况下,分析了通道失配对极化敏感阵列滤波性能的影响,并给出通道失配条件下,期望信号和干扰信号间的空间匹配系数、极化匹配系数和最大SINR表达式,最后,通过计算机仿真验证了文中结果,并给出有意义的结论。     

基于转换矩阵的GPS相干干扰抑制技术

本文首先采用空间平滑技术消除有用的GPS信号与相干干扰信号之间的相关性,然后构造干扰转换矩阵,从而抑制干扰信号,保留有用信号和噪声。最后根据最大输出信噪比原则,获得最佳波束形成器。仿真分析表明该方法可以有效提高输出信号的信号干扰加噪声比,且对信号的DOA估计不敏感。     

Array processing for nonstationary interference suppression inDS/SS communications using subspace projection techniques

Combined spatial and time-frequency signatures of signal arrivals at a multisensor array are used for nonstationary interference suppression in direct-sequence spread-spectrum (DS/SS) communications. With random PN spreading code and deterministic nonstationary interferers, the use of antenna arrays offers increased DS/SS signal dimensionality relative to the interferers. Interference mitigation through a spatio-temporal subspace projection technique leads to reduced DS/SS signal distortion and improved performance over the case of a single antenna receiver. The angular separation between the interference and desired signals is shown to play a fundamental role in trading off the contribution of the spatial and time-frequency signatures to the interference mitigation process. The expressions of the receiver signal-to-interference-noise ratio (SINR) implementing subspace projections are derived, and numerical results are provided     

A two-sensor array blind beamformer for direct sequence spreadspectrum communications

We present an efficient blind beamformer dedicated to the problem of interference mitigation in direct sequence spread spectrum (DSSS) communication systems using a two-sensor array. A closed-form solution for the blind identification of the communication channel is derived by exploiting the temporal properties of the desired signal and the interference. The optimal beamformer is derived from the maximization of the signal-to-interference and noise ratio (SINR) at the output of the receiver in terms of the blindly estimated channel coefficients. Three structures of the DSSS receiver are presented. One structure consists of the blind beamformer followed by the spread spectrum demodulator. The other two structures consist of the spread spectrum demodulator followed by the blind beamformer. The performance of these structures is discussed in terms of the achieved SINR and the computational cost. Simulation results are provided to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed blind beamformers in interference excision     

Performance Analysis of the Spectral Correlation Discriminator Array

Mobile communications suffer from cochannel interference, adjacent channel interference and fading. The cell capacity or the number of users per cell is limited by the interference. In this paper we analyze a new blind adaptive array structure called the spectral correlation discriminator array (SCDA), designed to reject cochannel interference for advanced mobile phone service (AMPS) signals. The blind adaptive array exploits the spectral redundancy in the AMPS signals which arises due to the presence of the supervisory audio tone (SAT). SCDA is shown to provide an improvement of 25–30 dB in signal-to-interference plus noise ratio (SINR) in static multipath channels and 10–15 dB improvement of SINR in Rayleigh fading channels. The SCDA is compared to the least squares constant modulus array (LSCMA) and is shown to have better signal selectivity properties. The reduction in interference power can significantly reduce the frequency reuse factor.     

FDA最优频率增量选取必要性分析

在干扰背景下,深入研究了频率分集阵列（FDA）雷达选取最优频率增量的必要性。在采用最优波束形成算法进行抗干扰的前提下,推导出目标与干扰的位置关系对FDA雷达输出信干噪比（SINR）的影响,进而分析输出SINR与频率增量的关系,并得出结论：在只有副瓣干扰的情况下,可不进行最优频率增量的选取,采用常规固定的频率增量也能输出高SINR;而当存在主瓣干扰时,不当的频率增量会使得输出SINR急剧下降并形成凹陷,且这种凹陷会随着频率增量的选取呈现周期性变化,极大地影响了FDA雷达的目标检测性能。计算机仿真也验证了这种周期性的凹陷变化,这表明了FDA雷达在抗主瓣干扰时必须进行最优频率增量选取。     

一种新的天线阵列盲自适应波束形成算法

针对DS-CDMA的上行链路多用户检测,提出了一种基于天线阵列的盲自适应波束形成算法。针对强干扰采用线性约束最小方差准则(LCMV),利用正交分解将LCMV简化为非约束的最小化优化问题,采用共轭梯度(CG)算法求得最优解。对期望用户信号波形的使用保证了用户符号信息的最优恢复。仿真结果表明,该算法相对传统算法可以获得更高的信号干扰比(SINR)。该算法不需要天线阵列单元数大于用户数,因此具有更好的实用性。