THz Thermal Radiation Enhancement Using an Electromagnetic Crystal

Thermal radiation in the terahertz (THz) range only occupies a tiny portion of the whole blackbody power spectrum at room temperature. We demonstrate that a thermal radiator, which is constructed from an electromagnetic (EM) crystal, can be designed so that its photon density of states (DOS) is enhanced in the THz frequency range. We also demonstrate, as a consequence, that this source may lead to large enhancements of the radiated power over the values associated with normal blackbody radiation at those frequencies. The THz thermal radiation enhancement effects of various EM crystals, including both silicon and tungsten woodpile structures and a cubic photonic cavity (CPC) array, are explored. The DOS of the woodpile structures and the CPC array are calculated, and their thermal radiation intensities are predicted numerically. These simulations show that the radiated power can be enhanced by a factor of 11.8 around 364 GHz and 2.6 around 406 GHz, respectively, for the silicon and tungsten woodpile structures in comparison to the normal blackbody radiation values at those frequencies. It is also shown that an enhancement factor of more than 100 may be obtained by using the CPC array. A silicon woodpile EM crystal with a band gap around 200 GHz was designed and fabricated. The transmission property of this woodpile structure was verified using the THz time-domain spectroscopy (TDS). Thermal emissions from the fabricated silicon woodpile and a control blackbody sample were measured. Enhancements of the woodpile source radiation over the blackbody were observed at several frequencies which are consistent with the theoretical predictions.      

基于PC-104 plus PC的红外图像处理系统的设计

介绍了利用非制冷红外焦平面传感器，采用PC-104 plus嵌入式PC与FPGA技术构建的便携式红外图像处理系统。针对凝视型红外图像处理系统的两个技术问题——红外焦平面非均匀性校正的硬件实现和保证图像帧的完整性，本文结合所研制的系统进行了深入的阐述。利用本系统，针对应用背景可以构建诸如红外检测、红外跟踪等各种具体应用系统。     

电阻阵列非均匀性校正算法实时性研究

非均匀性是电阻阵列输出图像固定噪声的主要来源,非均匀性校正是电阻阵列应用于半实物仿真中图像实时生成的一个不可缺少的环节.通过对校正算法的分析,设计算法实时性测试系统,并对校正在线算法进行改进,满足200Hz的帧频要求.在两种硬件平台方案下对算法的实时性进行测试,测试结果说明:非均匀性校正算法是影响动态红外图像生成实时性的一个重要因素,采用专用的硬件计算设备是提高整个系统实时性的必然选择.     

多波段红外目标跟踪与辐射特性测量系统

介绍了一种对动态目标进行红外成像跟踪与辐射特性测量的系统。该系统采用大口径红外成像镜头，图像信号经放大、A／D转换和图像非均匀性校正，输出与目标辐射量成正比关系的数字图像信号。红外成像跟踪采用FPGA结合软件处理方法实现对目标的实时自动识别，进行形心、边缘与相关跟踪的计算。红外辐射特性测量采用基于PCI总线的高速图像采集板进行实时图像采集与显示。红外定标建立输出信号和标准黑体绝对辐射量的关系曲线，将原始的图像灰度数据换算为辐射通量密度。经外场试验证明该系统稳定可靠。     

384×288非制冷红外焦平面阵列驱动电路的设计

在分析了法国ULIS公司的384×288元的长波红外非制冷微测辐射热计UL03191结构、性能及工作参数的基础上,针对该探测器数字与模拟两种输出模式设计了基于CPLD驱动电路。通过使用所设计电路采集黑体辐射的光信号转换成12位灰度图像来测试电路工作性能、成像质量和噪声特点,比较两种模式的测试结果,得出采用数字输出模式设计的电路具有体积小、功耗低及成像噪声小等特点。同时,设计了基于ADN8830单芯片热电制冷器控制器的温度控制系统,该系统设置电压由CPLD控制,可实现焦平面阵列根据环境温度变化采用不同工作温度点工作,从而较好的改善探测器工作性能和成像质量,降低探测器功耗。     

0.67 THz高分辨力成像雷达

为达到厘米甚至亚厘米级的成像分辨力,从电子学角度出发,设计并构建了0.67 THz线性调频连续波(FMCW)成像实验平台。平台通过将Ka波段带宽1.2 GHz、功率2 W的线性调频信号24倍频,获得0.66 THz~0.688 8 THz的发射信号,功率约为1.2 mW,接收端的回波经过谐波混频完成去斜(Dechirp)形成2.4 GHz中频信号,二次变频后经高速采样送入信号处理机箱完成成像。雷达发射信号带宽为28.8 GHz,经系统非线性校正处理后,成像分辨力达到1.3 cm,验证了太赫兹雷达的高分辨成像能力。     

基于图像灰度的大范围辐射温度反演

为解决高温辐射源和环境温度对红外测温的影响,提高极端工况下红外热像仪的测温精度,以红外辐射理论以及红外热像仪测温原理为基础,提出了一种将红外图像灰度与目标温度、环境温度和积分时间相结合的综合辐射温度反演方法,该方法实现了环境(镜头)温度与场景温度参量解耦,可以独立预估各参量变化所产生的探测器响应变化。首先对红外热像仪进行数据标定,标定时一般采用高精度面源黑体,之后通过计算面源黑体辐射亮度,利用黑体辐亮度和黑体灰度的线性关系,对黑体温度与黑体图像灰度值两组数据之间关系进行拟合,建立全环境温度和全积分时间的大范围温度反演匹配模型。最后在实验室环境下,分别用热像仪和基于灰度的温度反演模型对探测目标进行测温。经过实验验证,该反演模型在实验室环境下取得了较为良好的效果。     

Tuning technique to optimize input power of a cross-phase modulation wavelength converter

This paper proposes a tuning technique to optimize the input power of a cross-phase modulation wavelength converter (XPM-WC). The focus is on an output signal whose wavelength is the same as the input signal. The optimum input power can be easily set by keeping the output signal (not converted signal) power constant. Input continuous-wave (CW) power should be increased or decreased with increasing or decreasing input signal power so that the output signal power stays fixed at the optimum level. Observing the eye pattern of the converted signal is unnecessary. Wavelength conversion from a fixed optical channel to a random one (30 channels with 100-GHz spacing) is successfully demonstrated by using this technique. A low-power penalty (<1dB) and a low-power fluctuation (<1dB) were confirmed in all optical channels. An XPM-WC unit containing a variable CW light source and its level controller were fabricated and simultaneous and automatic operation was confirmed.     

多电容非制冷红外探测器动态范围调整技术

针对非制冷红外焦平面阵列（Uncooled Infrared Focal Plane Array, UIRFPA）对多目标成像时动态范围有限的问题,基于探测器特性提出了一种根据目标调整动态范围的方法。积分前,根据所选目标初始成像的灰度分布实时调整电容;同时逐点配置像元偏压,以适应动态范围并完成非均匀性校正(Non-Uniformity Correction, NUC);依次实现局部目标的最佳成像效果。最后搭建了一种用于验证此方法可行性的红外成像系统。结果表明,本文方法实现了动态范围的实时调整,并获得了清晰的局部关键目标图像。由于解决了动态范围与目标不匹配的问题,该方法对非制冷红外成像系统在多目标场景下的拓展应用具有一定意义。     

改进的基于神经网络的非均匀性校正算法

提出了一种结合图像匹配和神经网络算法的焦平面阵列非均匀性校正算法。算法首先用最新的校正系数对图像进行非均匀性校正,输出校正结果;然后对相邻两帧图像进行匹配,估计出相邻帧之间图像的运动量;最后用神经网络算法分别对校正系数进行正向和反向自适应更新。采用图像匹配技术保证了校正系数更新时不会引起场景的模糊,采用校正系数双向更新策略可以保证每帧都能对每个像元的系数至少进行一次更新,与常用的神经网络校正算法相比,降低了对场景统计特性的要求,收敛速度较快。使用模拟添加噪声和采集的红外图像序列对算法进行仿真验证,结果表明,给出的算法校正效果优于常用的神经网络非均匀性校正算法。