WSN中基于势能场的多策略路由协议

文章结合无线传感器网络（WSN）中流量分布的向心性特点,借鉴物理学中势能场的概念与机理,提出一种开放的路由协议实现框架。利用不同的网络参数构造不同的“虚拟势能场”,叠加后形成的复合势能场将驱动数据分组沿着势场梯度变化最快的方向移动,一方面可以最终将网络中的数据分组汇聚于目的节点,实现路由协议的基本功能;同时,在动态时变“虚拟势能场”的调节下,还可以为路由协议附加各种有利于实现其他优化目标的策略与属性,如能耗均衡、拥塞避免、支持服务质量保障和利于数据聚合等,在无线传感器网络中实现多策略路由。作为例子,文章提出了一个基于势能场的提供实时传输的路由协议,它能在严格保障实时分组获得最小化端到端延迟的前提下,有效缓解网络拥塞,提高全网吞吐量。     

互联网BGP路由可视及安全检测技术架构与实践

边界网关协议（border gateway protocol,BGP）是支撑互联网50年来快速发展的核心协议,因早期设计考虑不足一直存在路由劫持、路由泄露等路由安全威胁漏洞。随着互联网应用日益深入,BGP 路由安全问题逐渐引起业界重视,边界网络安全防护意义重大。提出了一种BGP路由安全检测架构,通过推理构建全球BGP路由知识库实现互联网全局路由可视性,并基于此实现路由劫持、路由泄露等路由安全事件的准实时检测。通过在杭州交换中心部署实践,证明本系统可构造较完整的互联网全局路由知识库、实现较准确和实时的BGP路由安全事件检测。     

基于全互连立方体的Ad Hoc网络自适应路由算法

路由算法是影响移动自组织网络（Mobile Ad Hoc Network）性能的关键问题,现有的自主式组网方式及路由存在扩展性差或节点负载不均衡问题。本文提出一种基于全互连立方体（FCCN,Fully Connected Cubic Network）虚拟拓扑的层次结构及自适应路由算法,能自适应于无线链路不稳定和网络拥塞的状况,提供良好的网络扩展和负载均衡,并与现有分层结构路由算法进行了比较,最后通过仿真验证了其具有良好的吞吐率和负载均衡能力。     

用Packet tracer软件巧练单臂路由技术

基于Packettracer的仿真软件组建单臂路由虚拟通信网络,能够让学生反复练习,深入地了解VLAN（虚拟局域网）的划分、封装和通信原理,理解路由器子接口、ISL协议和802.1Q协议。通过测试,实现了在一个端口不同vlan之间网络通信,在真实环境下的实验结果也表明所组建的单臂路由虚拟网络配置是可行的。     

3Com核心交换机在北京海关网络中的应用

本文简要说明了3Com核心交换机的优点之后,介绍了北京海关利用3Com核心交换机建立的安全、高速的虚拟局域网（VLAN）,分别讨论了虚拟网络中路由功能的实现和多播的实现。     

3Com核心交换机在北京海关网络中的应用

本简要说明了3Com核心交换机的优点之后,介绍了北京海洋利用3Com核心交换机建立的安全高速的虚拟局域网（VLAN）,分别讨论了虚拟网络中路由功能的实现和多播的实现。     

无人机集群联合拓扑控制的智能路由规划方法

针对现有无人机集群路由协议拓扑适变能力弱,易产生包重传、能量空洞和高时延,严重恶化了数据路由性能的问题,针对无人机集群中集群拓扑与路由的耦合特性,提出了一种联合拓扑控制的智能路由规划（IRPJTC）方法。该方法由基于虚拟力的自适应拓扑控制（VFATC）和基于近端策略优化的地理路由规划（PPO-GRP）组成。其中,VFATC使各无人机根据邻居运动状态信息自适应调整与邻居的距离,保证集群中链路的稳定连接;进一步,PPO-GRP引入VFATC中的链路稳定性指标,并结合端到端时延与能耗指标,设计多目标奖励函数,采用深度强化学习中的近端策略优化算法训练路由策略。仿真实验结果表明,IRPJTC相比于现有路由方法,能在保证分组传输成功率的同时,使端到端时延降低12.11%,无人机集群能耗降低4.56%,且具备更强的能耗均衡能力。     

基于名的平坦路由

路由是信息网络的基础,分布于网络的各个层面。现有互联网采用了基于IP地址的网络层路由技术和基于域名解析的域名服务器（DNS）应用层路由技术。由于IP地址和域名的结构化特点和身份位置紧耦合特点,使得互联网面临路由可扩展性、安全性、资源服务迁徙移动支持性差等严峻问题。基于名的平坦路由采用了平面化的身份命名方式,实现了身份位置分离,可有效提高网络路由的可扩展性、可配置性、安全性、服务支持的鲁棒性、资源移动的支持性等。     

一种虚拟路由冗余协议负载均衡技术实现机制

标准VRRP（虚拟路由器冗余协议）解决在配置默认网关环境下消除网络单点故障问题,其协议自身不够灵活,即虚拟路由器中只有主设备进行流量转发,其他备用设备均作为备份不进行流量转发,无法负载分担,不能最大程度提高带宽和设备利用率。针对该局限,在此基于与某公司的合作项目,论述了一种虚拟路由冗余协议负载均衡实现机制,在标准VRRP协议分析研究基础上引入虚拟转发器和转发状态机,实现一个虚拟IP对应多个虚拟MAC的机制,无需配置多个备份组就能同时实现路由冗余备份和流量负载均衡,使局域网内用户能够通过每台虚拟转发器与外界通信,极大地提高资源利用率,最后以实验验证了设计可行性。     

VDOM技术在江苏有线网上营业厅中的应用

一 前言 虚拟域（Virtual Domain，简称VDOM）是将1台物理的防火墙划分为2个或2个以上的可以独立运行的虚拟防火墙的技术，这种技术可以为每一个虚拟域（VDOM）提供独立的安全策略、路由及VPN配置。     

A novel Topology Aggregation approach for shared protection in multi-domain networks

Routing for shared protection in multi-domain networks is more difficult than that in single-domain networks because of the scalability requirements. We propose a novel approach for shared protection routing in multi-domain networks where the key feature is a special Topology Aggregation. In this Topology Aggregation, only some potential intra-domain paths (intra-paths for short) are selected for carrying working and backup traffic between domain border nodes. The abstraction of each intra-path to a virtual edge makes the original multi-domain network to become an aggregated network. On the aggregated network, a single-domain routing algorithm for shared protection can be applied for obtaining the complete routing solutions. The experiments show that the proposed approach is scalable. Moreover it is close to the optimal solution in single-domain networks and outperforms the previously proposed scalable solutions in multi-domain networks.     

一种基于两跳邻居信息的贪婪地理路由算法

 基于地理信息的路由算法由于其高效、低路由开销和良好的可扩展性等特点,在无线传感器网络中得到比较广泛的应用.许多采用贪婪策略作为其基本数据转发机制的地理路由算法都不可避免会遇到路由空洞现象.针对这个问题,本文提出了一种基于掌握两跳邻居节点位置信息的贪婪地理路由算法——Greedy-2算法.该算法能够使节点提前意识到路由空洞的存在,从而尽可能使数据包及时绕开空洞边界节点,减少路由空洞发生的概率,提高分组到达率.对于Greedy-2算法仍然遭遇路由空洞现象的情况,文章提出了一种基于两跳邻居信息的平面化算法PATN,该算法不需要增加额外的平面化开销,即可将网络平面化以采取边缘恢复机制,在UDG网络中保证数据可靠传输.仿真结果表明,与基于一跳邻居节点位置信息的贪婪算法相比,Greedy-2算法可以明显减少路由空洞现象发生的次数,在分组到达率和数据传送的路由跳数方面都有着更好的性能.Greedy-2算法与PATN规则结合后的GPSR-2算法也比GPSR算法有着更优化的路由跳数.     

Hybrid routing in ad hoc networks with a dynamic virtual backbone

Virtual backbone routing (VBR) is a scalable hybrid routing framework for ad hoc networks, which combines local proactive and global reactive routing components over a variable-sized zone hierarchy. The zone hierarchy is maintained through a novel distributed virtual backbone maintenance scheme, termed the distributed database coverage heuristic (DDCH), also presented in this paper. Borrowing from the design philosophy of the zone routing protocol, VBR limits the proactive link information exchange to the local routing zones only. Furthermore, the reactive component of VBR restricts the route queries to within the virtual backbone only, thus improving the overall routing efficiency. Our numerical results suggest that the cost of the hybrid VBR scheme can be a small fraction of that of either one of the purely proactive or purely reactive protocols, with or without route caching. Since the data routes do not necessarily pass through the virtual backbone nodes, traffic congestion is considerably reduced. Yet, the average length of the VBR routes tends to be close to optimal. Compared with the traditional one-hop hierarchical protocols, our results indicate that, for a network of moderate to large size, VBR with an optimal zone radius larger than one can significantly reduce the routing traffic. Furthermore, we demonstrate VBR's improved scalability through analysis and simulations.     

Supporting MPLS VPN multicast

MPLS(Multi-Protocol Label Switching)VPN(Virtual Private Network) traffic has been deployed widely,but currently only supports unicast.This paper briefly introduces several available MPLS VPN multicast approaches,and then analyzes their disadvantages.A novel mechanism that uses two-layer label stack to support MPLS VPN explicit multicast is proposed and the process is discussed in detail.The scalability and performance of the proposed mechanism are studied analytically.The result shows that our solution has great advantage over the currently available scheme in terms of saving core network bandwidth and improving the scalability.     

Scalable routing protocols for mobile ad hoc networks

The growing interest in mobile ad hoc network techniques has resulted in many routing protocol proposals. Scalability issues in ad hoc networks are attracting increasing attention these days. We survey the routing protocols that address scalability. The routing protocols included in the survey fall into three categories: flat routing protocols; hierarchical routing approaches; GPS augmented geographical routing schemes. The article compares the scalability properties and operational features of the protocols and discusses challenges in future routing protocol designs     

基于802.16e的信道估计算法研究

常用的空时译码方法在很大程度上依赖于准确的信道状态信息,使得信道估计成为正确进行空时编码译码的先决条件。结合虚拟导频的设计和时频二维多项式拟合算法,研究了一种适用于快速移动场景下的虚拟导频信道估计算法。该算法能够利用时频二维信道信息的相关性,对信道进行拟合,从而提升信道估计的性能。分别在车载60km以及车载120km信道模式下进行仿真,结果表明,较现有的信道估计算法,在快速移动场景下虚拟导频信道估计算法具有更好的均方误差性能。     

互联网路由扩展性研究状况分析

Internet的快速发展对路由扩展性造成了巨大的压力。为了Internet能够持续、稳定、快速的发展,互联网技术领域学术界和工业界提出了一些针对Internet的路由扩展性的解决方案。文章基于Internet面临的路由扩展性问题,分析导致问题的原因;在对影响Internet路由扩展性的若干因素进行分析的基础上,重点介绍互联网技术领域学术界和工业界提出的一些典型解决方案;在对Internet路由扩展性问题行总结的基础上,提出未来Internet路由系统的需求。     

Power aware scalable multicast routing protocol for MANETs

Multicasting is an effective way to provide group communication. In mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs), multicasting can support a wide variety of applications that are characterized by a close degree of collaboration. Since MANETs exhibit severe resource constraints such as battery power, limited bandwidth, dynamic network topology and lack of centralized administration, multicasting in MANETs become complex. The existing multicast routing protocols concentrate more on quality of service parameters like end‐to‐end delay, jitter, bandwidth and power. They do not stress on the scalability factor of the multicast. In this paper, we address the problem of multicast scalability and propose an efficient scalable multicast routing protocol called ‘Power Aware Scalable Multicast Routing Protocol (PASMRP)’ for MANETs. PASMRP uses the concept of class of service with three priority levels and local re‐routing to provide scalability. The protocol also ensures fair utilization of the resources among the nodes through re‐routing and hence the lifetime of the network is increased. The protocol has been simulated and the results show that PASMRP has better scalability and enhanced lifetime than the existing multicast routing protocols. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

可信路由机理及关键技术

文章认为由于网络规模的增大以及节点移动、多宿主、网络流量工程等需求的不断增强,使得路由可扩展性、安全性、可靠性等问题凸显。尽管与可信路由相对应的理论技术方案不断提出,但未能从根本上解决网络路由的可信任问题。为此文章提出可信路由体系结构模型、可信域内路由、可信域间路由等新网络环境下的可信路由参考机制,并对可信路由涉及的关键技术,如映射可扩展技术、路由信任机制、多径路由技术、服务质量保证、路由监测管理技术,进行了研究和探讨。     

Issues for routing in the optical layer

Optical layer control planes based on MPLS and other Internet protocols hold great promise because of their proven scalability, ability to support rapid provisioning, and auto discovery and self-inventory capabilities and are under intense study in various standards bodies. To date however little attention has been paid to aspects of the optical layer which differ from those found in data networking. We study three such aspects which impact routing: network elements which are reconfigurable, but in constrained ways; transmission impairments which may make some routes unusable; and diversity. We conclude that if emerging optical technology is to be maximally exploited, heterogeneous technologies with dissimilar routing constraints are likely. Four alternative architectures for dealing with this eventuality are identified and some trade-offs between centralizing or distributing some aspects of routing are discussed