大光程差、宽场、消色差、热补偿型迈克耳孙风成像干涉仪动镜倾斜误差分析

大光程差、宽场、消色差、热补偿型风成像干涉仪是在一定的基准光程差的基础上,通过动镜步进的方法,获得观测目标在一个波长范围内间隔为λ/4的4个干涉强度,并依此推算出高层大气的风速、气压、温度的新型风场探测装置。而在干涉仪的工程研制和实际风场测量过程中不可避免地存在着基准光程差误差、步长误差以及动镜倾斜误差等。为了精确地掌握这些误差对最终观测结果的影响以更好地满足风成像干涉仪的工程化和实际应用,对在一定的不确定度范围内的动镜倾斜误差进行了理论计算和分析,得到并给出了动镜倾斜误差的计算方法,计算了在误差允许范围内的动镜倾斜容限,并通过计算机模拟讨论并分析了研究结果。这些研究工作对风成像干涉仪的理论研究、技术创新、研制、性能改进和工程化都具有理论与实践指导意义,并为其更好地应用于高层大气风场被动探测提供了理论依据。     

磁聚焦变像管像场弯曲的改善研究

研制大面积阴极磁聚焦分幅变像管。在2:1电子光学倍率下,研究单磁透镜和双磁透镜成像的像场弯曲。基于光学透镜成像原理,假设成像面形状不随激励微调而改变,推导了离轴点最佳成像位置与激励变化的近似关系式,并由此提出一种测量并减小像管像场弯曲的方法;借助Matlab编程模拟了像管各离轴点的最佳成像位置,拟合得到成像曲面方程,并利用所提出的像场弯曲测量方法进行了测试验证。结果表明,在一定视场范围内,计算机模拟与实验测试结果比较接近。单、双磁透镜下的最佳成像面均为旋转抛物面,但双磁透镜成像像场弯曲比单磁透镜有明显的改善。     

Golay6结构径向平移误差分析

在Golay6结构稀疏孔径光学系统中,通过计算和模拟Golay6结构主镜存在径向平移(piston)误差时的光瞳函数、点扩展函数以及调制传递函数,研究子镜装调产生的piston误差对成像的影响。根据中心点亮度的要求,给出了不同半径、不同填充因子下的最大容许误差,并通过Matlab软件进行成像模拟。结果表明:在给出的最大容许误差范围内,piston误差影响不显著。     

稀疏孔径光学系统模拟实验研究

分析Golay3稀疏孔径结构及其调制传递函数分布,介绍模拟实验平台构建的思路和实验装置的参数。给出全孔径和Golay3稀疏孔径两种光瞳的模拟实验像,以及进行维纳滤波图像处理,并与计算机模拟成像结果进行比较。结果表明模拟实验与计算机模拟成像一致,验证了稀疏孔径光学系统成像理论和维纳滤波技术应用于稀疏孔径光学系统图像复原的有效性。     

多通道星载合成孔径雷达姿态误差影响分析与补偿

针对高分辨率条件下,多通道星载合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)姿态控制误差对成像质量影响问题开展研究.首先建立多通道姿态控制误差数学模型,在此基础上推导了姿态控制误差与接收天线相位中心位置、控制误差角度以及天线下视角等参数的数学表达式,定量化地分析了该误差对成像质量的影响方式与影响大小,并提出一种高效精确的误差补偿方法.最后,计算机仿真实验验证了本补偿方法的正确性及有效性.     

一种用于简谐声场有源控制的自适应算法

本文提出一种用于简谐声场有源控制的多通道自适应算法，这种算法同时给主通道和误差通道建模。计算机模拟证明了该算法的收敛性。     

计算机插值法模拟黑体腔温度分布

介绍了用计算机分段插值法模拟黑体腔温度度布的数学基础，利用此方法计算，模拟了两种黑体腔的温场分布，比较温度插值模拟值和用热电偶在该点的测量值表明，在黑体有效辐射面以内，模拟值和实测值之差在允许的测温误差范围之内。     

噪声条件下雷达关联成像误差分析

雷达关联成像是一种新的凝视高分辨率成像方法。该文针对参数化关联成像方法,建立了噪声条件下雷达关联成像模型,推导了噪声条件下关联成像理论误差限,分析了估计误差的影响因素。采用稀疏重构算法对不同参数条件下的雷达关联成像进行数值模拟,讨论了噪声条件下信号带宽、阵列构型、成像单元尺寸以及目标复杂度对成像误差的影响。研究结果为雷达关联成像系统的参数选取和信噪比要求提供了理论参考。      

基于像素距离加权的室内成像定位研究

针对室内成像定位技术受随机噪声的影响较大、定位误差较高的问题,提出了一种基于像素距离加权的室内成像定位技术。在室内屋顶布设多个红外LED,依靠成像传感器获得红外LED信标的像点,将成像点到成像传感器中心的像素距离作为加权因子引入室内成像定位算法中,可以有效地提高室内定位精度。并进行了仿真实验,实验选择4m×4m×3m的空间区域模拟室内环境,当布设的红外LED信标数量为3时,应用改进后的算法可以获得10cm以内的定位误差性能,并且误差波动不超过5cm。另外,随着布设信标数量的增加,定位误差继续减小。改进后的定位算法有效地提高了室内定位的精度以及成像定位算法的普适性。     

天线相位中心偏移方位多波束合成孔径 雷达的误差分析

本文介绍了天线相位中心偏移方位多波束技术的工作原理,分析了该技术引入的各种误差的成因以及对成像的影响,并给出了计算机仿真结果.本文为系统设计和进一步研究天线相位中心偏移方位多波束系统的成像处理方法提供了参考.     

Multi-channel microstrip transceiver arrays using harmonics for high field MR imaging in humans

Radio-frequency (RF) transceiver array design using primary and higher order harmonics for in vivo parallel magnetic resonance imaging imaging (MRI) and spectroscopic imaging is proposed. The improved electromagnetic decoupling performance, unique magnetic field distributions and high-frequency operation capabilities of higher-order harmonics of resonators would benefit transceiver arrays for parallel MRI, especially for ultrahigh field parallel MRI. To demonstrate this technique, microstrip transceiver arrays using first and second harmonic resonators were developed for human head parallel imaging at 7T. Phantom and human head images were acquired and evaluated using the GRAPPA reconstruction algorithm. The higher-order harmonic transceiver array design technique was also assessed numerically using FDTD simulation. Compared with regular primary-resonance transceiver designs, the proposed higher-order harmonic technique provided an improved g-factor and increased decoupling among resonant elements without using dedicated decoupling circuits, which would potentially lead to a better parallel imaging performance and ultimately faster and higher quality imaging. The proposed technique is particularly suitable for densely spaced transceiver array design where the increased mutual inductance among the elements becomes problematic. In addition, it also provides a simple approach to readily upgrade the channels of a conventional primary resonator microstrip array to a larger number for faster imaging.     

An efficient region of interest acquisition method for dynamicmagnetic resonance imaging

Motivated by work in the area of dynamic magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), we develop a new approach to the problem of reduced-order MRI acquisition. Efforts in this field have concentrated on the use of Fourier and singular value decomposition (SVD) methods to obtain low-order representations of an entire image plane. We augment this work to the case of imaging an arbitrarily-shaped region of interest (ROI) embedded within the full image. After developing a natural error metric for this problem, we show that determining the minimal order required to meet a prescribed error level is in general intractable, but can be solved under certain assumptions. We then develop an optimization approach to the related problem of minimizing the error for a given order. Finally, we demonstrate the utility of this approach and its advantages over existing Fourier and SVD methods on a number of MRI images.     

Magnetic resonance imaging

Signal processing lies at the core of MRI. Data acquisition and manipulation occur naturally in the spatial Fourier transform domain of the image. A review of the imaging process and the associated image characteristics reveals the many opportunities for contributions from the signal processing community. This article develops the Fourier representation of the imaging process from an overview of the physics of the MRI signal. This article also discusses tradeoffs in acquisition time, resolution, and field of view as well as image degradation associated with noise and motion artifacts. In addition, the ability to manipulate soft tissue contrast over a wide range of independent parameters in MRI is outlined     

Correction of periodic motion artifacts along the slice selection axis in MRI

The effect of periodic motion of a single magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) slice in the direction of the slice selection axis is modeled as amplitude modulation of the raw data with a motion kernel along the phase encoding direction in the Fourier domain. It is shown that this motion can be detected in 1-D projections of the raw data along the frequency encoding direction which in combination with appropriate filtering leads to the recovery of the motion kernel. It is demonstrated by means of simulation examples that significant reduction in the amplitude of ghost artifacts is obtained when the image is filtered by the inverse of the motion kernel. Some issues to be investigated before the technique can be used in a clinical environment are mentioned.     

True energy-minimal and finite-size biplanar gradient coil designfor MRI

Finite-sized high-performance planar magnetic field gradient coils in today's open configuration magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) systems have always been desirable for ever demanding imaging applications. The authors present a Lagrange multiplier technique for designing a minimum-energy gradient coil under a finite-size planar geometry constraint in addition to a set of magnetic field constraints. In this new design methodology, the surface current density on a finite size plane is represented by a two-dimensional (2-D) Fourier series expansion. Following the standard approach, the authors construct a functional F in terms of the stored magnetic energy and a set of field constraint points which are chosen over the desired imaging volume. Minimizing F, the authors obtain the continuous current density distribution for the finite-size planar gradient coil. Applying the stream function technique to the resulting continuous current distribution, the discrete current pattern can be generated. Employing the Biot-Savart law to the discrete current loops, the gradient magnetic field has been re-evaluated in order to validate the theory. Using this approach, the authors have been able to design a finite-size biplanar z-gradient coil which is capable of generating a gradient field of 40 mT /m @ 266 A. The excellent agreement between the analytical and numerical results has been achieved     

Off-resonance correction of MR images

In magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), the spatial inhomogeneity of the static magnetic field can cause degraded images if the reconstruction is based on inverse Fourier transformation. This paper presents and discusses a range of fast reconstruction algorithms that attempt to avoid such degradation by taking the field inhomogeneity into account. Some of these algorithms are new, others are modified versions of known algorithms. Speed and accuracy of all these algorithms are demonstrated using spiral MRI.     

Multislice Radio-Frequency Current Density Imaging

Radio-frequency current density imaging (RF-CDI) is an imaging technique that noninvasively measures current density distribution at the Larmor frequency utilizing magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Previously implemented RF-CDI techniques were only able to image a single slice transverse to the static magnetic field ${rm B}_{0}$ . This paper describes the first realization of a multislice RF-CDI sequence on a 1.5 T clinical imager. Multislice RF current density images have been reconstructed for two phantoms. The influence of MRI random noise on the sensitivity of the multislice RF-CDI measurement has also been studied by theoretical analysis, simulation and phantom experiments.      

Conjugate phase MRI reconstruction with spatially variant sample density correction

A new image reconstruction method to correct for the effects of magnetic field inhomogeneity in non-Cartesian sampled magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is proposed. The conjugate phase reconstruction method, which corrects for phase accumulation due to applied gradients and magnetic field inhomogeneity, has been commonly used for this case. This can lead to incomplete correction, in part, due to the presence of gradients in the field inhomogeneity function. Based on local distortions to the k-space trajectory from these gradients, a spatially variant sample density compensation function is introduced as part of the conjugate phase reconstruction. This method was applied to both simulated and experimental spiral imaging data and shown to produce more accurate image reconstructions. Two approaches for fast implementation that allow the use of fast Fourier transforms are also described. The proposed method is shown to produce fast and accurate image reconstructions for spiral sampled MRI.     

基于FFT的近场——口径场变换方法

本文提出的近场－口径场变换方法基于探头与被测天线（AUT）的耦合方程,由Fourier变换求出AUT发射场的平面波谱的切向分量,然后由Fourier反变换求出被测天线口径场的切向分量,从而达到诊断天线口径场幅相分布的目的。口径场变换中的大部分计算采用了FFT算法,并且引入空间域的重构法,数值精度好,数据处理效率高,可以达到任意的诊断分辨率。通过数值模拟和诊断实验,说明了该方法的正确性和工程实用性。