正交混沌二相编码OFDM雷达信号

针对距离欺骗干扰对雷达探测性能的影响,在波形设计中应尽量满足雷达发射信号的正交特性,即雷达发射波形具有更低的互相关和自相关旁瓣。采用具有良好自相关特性的混沌二相编码正交频分复用(OFDM)雷达信号,提出一种基于混沌粒子群算法的正交混沌二相编码OFDM雷达信号。以自相关和互相关联合最优作为适应值函数,利用混沌粒子群算法优化设计正交编码脉冲串信号。仿真实验结果证明,基于混沌粒子群优化的正交混沌二相编码OFDM雷达信号自相关旁瓣和互相关的最大值为–22.33 dB,具有良好的相关特性,对抗距离欺骗干扰有一定效果。     

MIMO雷达正交频分相位编码波形优化

正交频分相位编码(Orthogonal Frequency Division-Phase Coded,OFD-PC)信号是多输入多输出(Multiple Input Multiple Output,MIMO)雷达中的一种重要波形。为进一步提高该波形对目标的探测能力,在分析OFD-PC空域合成信号脉压特性的基础上,提出了一种降低其距离旁瓣的波形优化方法。一方面,通过优化选取自相关性能优良的相位编码序列来直接降低空域合成信号的距离旁瓣;另一方面,通过随机离散化OFD-PC信号中的载频间隔,构建一种非均匀间隔的OFD-PC信号形式,进一步改善其距离旁瓣特性。为合理平衡波形的正交性能和自相关性能,建立空时联合优化模型,并采用序列二次规划法求解。仿真结果表明,该方法能在获取近似全向发射功率方向图的同时,降低信号自相关距离旁瓣;所优化设计的波形比传统OFD-PC波形具备更优的脉冲压缩性能。     

反无人机群阵列雷达时分波形与旁瓣抑制

针对阵列雷达常用波形距离旁瓣较高,导致探测微小无人机群目标时生成虚假目标问题,基于多输入多输出(multiple input multiple output,MIMO)时分复用体制,研究相位编码信号时分发射体制,采用脉内相位编码信号,提出信号处理方案,在距离维脉冲压缩的同时,利用时延和相位的耦合关系,提取每个发射通道相应的目标回波分量,实现信号在发射通道维的相干积累,达到抑制距离旁瓣的效果,以Gold二相编码和16阵元均匀线阵为例,主旁瓣比优化10 dB,验证该方法有效性,有利于提升雷达探测无人机群目标的准确性.     

基于凸优化的MIMO雷达的优化滤波器组设计

在正交波形MIMO雷达信号处理中,发射信号分离是其中的一个重要环节,一般可以通过匹配滤波器组来实现,而匹配滤波器组对信号分离是基于发射信号满足理想正交条件的,实际中由于很难得到理想的正交波形集,因此将会造成信号分离能力下降或分离不彻底,为此,提出一种优化滤波器组设计方法,以最小化滤波输出峰值旁瓣电平为目标函数,采用凸优化方法进行全局优化设计,计算机仿真表明,该方法所设计的优化滤波器组可以显著提高非理想正交波形MIMO雷达的信号分离能力。     

单脉冲脉内互补低距离旁瓣雷达波形设计

雷达脉冲压缩的距离旁瓣较高将会导致遮蔽效应的产生,已有的低旁瓣波形设计都是基于全脉冲相关进行处理。本文利用波形组合的方法进行波形设计,基于单脉冲脉内分段脉压信号处理方式和互补码自相关求和零旁瓣特征相结合,利用频域正交设计,将两个或多个互补序列调制至不同频点以子脉冲的形式分段合并为恒模单脉冲雷达波形。仿真试验表明,本文设计的单脉冲脉内互补低旁瓣波形脉压后的峰值旁瓣电平和积分旁瓣电平较低,分段脉压结合互补码零旁瓣特征的信号处理方式虽然会导致0.89 dB左右的信号处理增益损失和主瓣展宽,但却能够突破部分相位编码信号的峰值旁瓣电平下限。强弱目标场景仿真表明,与线性调频信号相比,本文提出的雷达波形不会导致强目标的副瓣对弱目标的遮掩。恒虚警检测仿真表明,在剔除强目标峰值后,本文所提波形对弱目标的检测概率要优于传统的线性调频信号。      

一种基于遗传算法的正交波形设计方法

数字阵列雷达可通过子阵组合,发射多波束等方式实现同时搜索和跟踪不同空域目标,其中发射正交波形设计是数字阵列雷达的关键技术之一。本文以降低波形信号的自相关旁瓣峰值及互相关峰值为目标,采用改进的遗传算法对随机生成的四相码波形信号进行正交优化。仿真表明,优化设计的正交四相码波形相比于其他文献在自相关旁瓣峰值及互相关峰值性能上有较大改善。     

基于SQP 算法的MIMO 雷达波形设计与工程实现

为了有效利用MIMO 体制雷达的波形分集能力,需要对雷达发射波形进行正交性设计,从工程实现 的角度出发,针对MIMO 雷达发射信号的正交性要求,利用序列二次规划方法设计正交相位编码信号波形。通过仿 真分析,重点研究了信号数量、码长对波形正交性能的影响以及波形与雷达发射方向图之间的关系,验证了该方法 的有效性和优异性,并与经典的遗传算法进行了仿真比较,最后依托波形产生系统完成了波形的工程实现,并且成 功应用到了雷达系统中。结果表明,采用该方法能够获得较低的自相关旁瓣峰值和互相关峰值,设计出符合雷达系 统要求的正交波形。     

基于脉冲串编码的MIMO雷达距离旁瓣抑制方法

MIMO雷达波形设计通常需要联合考虑空域时域特性,然而,在单脉冲发射波形设计中,在保证期望空域特性的情况下,往往存在时域旁瓣较高的问题。针对这个问题,该文提出一种基于脉冲串编码的时域旁瓣抑制方法。该方法采用空域发射方向图设计与时域波形设计分离的方式,通过对脉冲串的各子脉冲初相编码进行优化,可以在保证空域发射方向图不变的情况下,进一步抑制时域旁瓣。仿真结果表明,该方法可以有效地降低各多普勒通道的距离旁瓣。     

基于线性调频时宽的MIMO雷达正交波形设计

线性调频(LFM)信号是一种被广泛应用的大时宽带宽积信号,利用LFM信号的多样性可设计多输入多输出(MIMO)雷达的正交波形。该文针对现有波形相关函数存在的问题,以理论分析为基础,提出一种基于LFM时宽的发射波形,并给出了一种相应的正交波形设计方法。该方法以峰值旁瓣电平为准则,利用序列二次规划对各子脉冲LFM信号的时宽进行优化设计。仿真结果表明,与现有方法相比,所设计波形具有较低的自相关旁瓣电平和互相关电平。此外,通过数值实验分析了相关性能随波形个数及子脉冲个数的变化关系。     

一种有效的MIMO雷达自适应脉冲压缩方法

发射信号的分离是MIMO雷达的一个重要环节,该文基于最小均方误差准则,提出了一种有效的MIMO雷达自适应脉冲压缩方法,从每个接收阵元接收到的信号中分别自适应地估计每个距离单元的脉冲压缩滤波器的权系数,从而获得期望的脉冲压缩性能,更好地完成发射波形的分离。该方法不仅能够抑制信号本身的距离旁瓣,降低信号之间的互相关电平,还对目标本身的多普勒频率具有很强的适应性。计算机仿真验证了该方法的有效性。     

MIMO Radar Ambiguity Properties and Optimization Using Frequency-Hopping Waveforms

The concept of multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) radars has drawn considerable attention recently. Unlike the traditional single-input multiple-output (SIMO) radar which emits coherent waveforms to form a focused beam, the MIMO radar can transmit orthogonal (or incoherent) waveforms. These waveforms can be used to increase the system spatial resolution. The waveforms also affect the range and Doppler resolution. In traditional (SIMO) radars, the ambiguity function of the transmitted pulse characterizes the compromise between range and Doppler resolutions. It is a major tool for studying and analyzing radar signals. Recently, the idea of ambiguity function has been extended to the case of MIMO radar. In this paper, some mathematical properties of the MIMO radar ambiguity function are first derived. These properties provide some insights into the MIMO radar waveform design. Then a new algorithm for designing the orthogonal frequency-hopping waveforms is proposed. This algorithm reduces the sidelobes in the corresponding MIMO radar ambiguity function and makes the energy of the ambiguity function spread evenly in the range and angular dimensions.      

Designing Unimodular Sequence Sets With Good Correlations—Including an Application to MIMO Radar

A multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) radar system that transmits orthogonal waveforms via its antennas can achieve a greatly increased virtual aperture compared with its phased-array counterpart. This increased virtual aperture enables many of the MIMO radar advantages, including enhanced parameter identifiability and improved resolution. Practical radar requirements such as unit peak-to-average power ratio and range compression dictate that we use MIMO radar waveforms that have constant modulus and good auto- and cross-correlation properties. We present in this paper new computationally efficient cyclic algorithms for MIMO radar waveform synthesis. These algorithms can be used for the design of unimodular MIMO sequences that have very low auto- and cross-correlation sidelobes in a specified lag interval, and of very long sequences that could hardly be handled by other algorithms previously suggested in the literature. A number of examples are provided to demonstrate the performances of the new waveform synthesis algorithms.     

抗压制干扰的低距离旁瓣相位编码设计

雷达系统可通过发射具有低距离旁瓣的波形提高对目标的探测性能,通过最小化干扰信号经滤波器处理后的输出水平来对抗压制干扰。本文以联合最小化干扰信号输出功率和发射信号距离旁瓣为准则建立目标函数,引入权系数来折中考虑干扰输出和距离旁瓣的影响,离散相位形式的相位编码作为约束条件,采用交替方向乘子法（Alternating Direction Method of Multipliers, ADMM）求解目标函数,设计最优相位编码发射波形,并在此基础上结合类幂迭代法（Power Method-Like Iterations, PMLI）提出一种复合算法（Composite Algorithm, CA）,在保证雷达的探测性能和抗干扰性能的同时,有效提升了算法的计算速度。     

一种线性调频信号超低旁瓣脉冲压缩方法

雷达脉冲压缩希望具有超低距离旁瓣的特征,线性调频信号采用加窗方式可达到约-35 dB的距离旁瓣电平。基于超低旁瓣电平信号设计方法,在不考虑信噪比损失条件下,提出了一种新的超低旁瓣的脉冲压缩方法,基本思想是针对给定线性调频信号,频率滤波权值采用超低频旁瓣频域信号与线性调频信号频域的比值,可以将接收端旁瓣电平输出最低到-120 dB。同时,从理论上和数值结果中分析了信噪比损失、延迟敏感性等问题。     

基于交替投影的MIMO雷达最优波形设计

该文研究用于多输入多输出(MIMO)雷达的具有低相关旁瓣的恒模波形设计方法,这类波形可以抑制距离旁瓣遮蔽和不同信号回波之间的相互干扰。首先,根据非周期相关函数与功率谱(PSD)之间的傅里叶变换对关系,将波形的相关特性优化问题转换为功率谱优化问题;然后,基于功率谱拟合的思想,将设计波形的功率谱向理想波形功率谱逼近;最后,在时、频域交替投影的算法框架下,利用快速傅里叶变换(FFT)实现波形的优化设计。计算机仿真表明,该算法能够设计具有良好相关特性的MIMO雷达波形且运算效率较高。     

Ambiguity functions of laser-based chaotic radar

The ambiguity functions of a newly developed laser-based chaotic radar (CRADAR) system are studied. In the CRADAR system, the chaotic waveforms can be generated either by an optically injected (OI) semiconductor laser, or a semiconductor laser with optoelectronic feedback (OEF). The ambiguity functions of the chaotic pulsation and chaotic oscillation waveforms obtained experimentally from the CRADAR system with the respective OEF and the OI schemes are examined and compared. In the cross-ambiguity functions, both types of the chaotic waveforms demonstrate their excellent capabilities in the electrical counter-countermeasures (ECCM) that civilian and military applications desire. In the auto-ambiguity functions, the chaotic oscillation waveform shows better unambiguous detection quality than the chaotic pulsation waveform that an ideal thumbtack-like ambiguity function with minimal sidelobes is found. Moreover, variations in the peak value and the full width at half-maximum of the auto-ambiguity function of the chaotic oscillation waveform along the principal axes are also investigated. By having the features of both ultrawideband radar and random signal radar, the chaotic oscillation waveform of the CRADAR system with the OI scheme is shown to possess the advantages of high range resolution, excellent ECCM capability, ideal thumbtack-like ambiguity function, and uncoupled range and range rate resolution functions.     

Ultra-wideband radar using Fourier synthesized waveforms

Traditional methods of ultra-wideband (UWB) radar signal generation suffer from several disadvantages such as low antenna radiation efficiency and lack of accurate control of signal parameters like pulse shape, pulse repetition interval (PRI), and its spectrum. UWB signals can be generated by expanding the desired radar waveform in a Fourier series and then synthesizing the waveform by generating the individual terms in the expansion from harmonically related oscillators. Signals thus produced overcome the disadvantages of traditional methods of UWB signal generation. Fourier series based method for generation of complex amplitude coded waveforms is developed which can be used to generate time domain equivalent of Barker and other codes for application in radar and communication areas. In radar applications, these coded waveforms, with accurate and stable waveform parameters, shall allow pulse compression and coherent integration. The additional processing gain provided by these operations reduces the need for high peak power in radar transmitters which is one of the bottlenecks in the implementation of operational UWB radars. This paper also describes a UWB radar concept which incorporates Fourier synthesized waveforms. Related digital signal processing issues are also discussed     

基于三进制互补序列的MIMO雷达

多输入多输出雷达利用多个发射天线发射独立信号及多个天线接收回波信号,对回波信号进行分离。优化发射信号的设计,可以较大程度地提高MIMO雷达性能。二进制扩频信号虽然容易构造,但其互相关和自相关旁瓣较高。三进制互补集序列具有良好的相关特性,距离旁瓣为零,可用于目标成像。     

Radar resolution properties of pulse trains

The concept of pulse compression has stimulated interest in the range and Doppler resolution properties of radar signals, but most of the theoretical investigations to date have been concerned with single pulse signals. The properties of coherent pulse trains, a practically important class of radar signals, have not received adequate treatment in the literature. Little information appears to be available on pulse trains using pulse-to-pulse waveform coding, frequency shifting, or repetition period staggering. The present paper attempts to fill a gap in the radar literature by analyzing the resolution potential of pulse trains. The treatment is limited to the practical class of pulse trains where all component pulses have identical envelopes and bandwidths, but the waveforms under these envelopes, frequency bands and repetition interval are left arbitrary. The results of the study convey an understanding of the effects of pulse train coding and thus give a clear indication of both the potential and the limitations of pulse trains in radar applications.     

Effective CLEAN algorithms for performance-enhanced detection of binary coding radar signals

With binary coding waveform as radar pulse compression signal, the sidelobe of the matched processing result of the received signals is a serious interference to the effective detection of multiple targets. In this paper, the CLEAN algorithms are introduced to eliminate such sidelobes and significantly improve the target detection performance of binary coding radar signals. A novel modified CLEAN algorithm is proposed to remove the sidelobe interferences in formulating target range profile when wideband binary coding signals are used. The effectiveness of the CLEAN algorithms is demonstrated through the processing results.