0.22 THz回旋管渐变输出结构的设计和分析

从渐变波导耦合波方程出发,设计了0.22 THz回旋管两种渐变输出结构,上升余弦和Dolph-Chebychev渐变波导过渡器;三维电磁仿真软件HFSS对这两种波导数值模拟验证的结果表明:两种渐变波导都符合设计要求,但是改进的Dol—ph-Chebychev渐变波导要比上升余弦渐变波导短,从而得到作为传输TE_(03)模回旋管输出段的最优波导过度器。     

Ka 波段TE02 模回旋速调管带正弦渐变段输出腔研究

利用模式展开与场匹配理论,建立了具有突变结构的开放式波导谐振腔的级联散射矩阵,在此基础上编写Matlab计算程序,通过数值计算,分析了回旋速调管输出腔的腔体长度和半径变化、输出耦合孔的半径和厚度变化、正弦渐变段的长度和起始半径的变化等对输出腔的品质因数和频率的影响,并分析了正弦渐变段的长度和起始半径的变化对反射参数和对杂模的影响。给出了中心频率35.02GHz、Q值为110.1、TE02模带正弦渐变段输出腔的设计参数。同时,在三维高频分析软件HFSS中建立三维模型,进行仿真对比,结果表明:数值计算与三维高频软件仿真结果基本吻合。     

94GHz渐变复合腔回旋管的设计与实验

根据注-波互作用自洽非线性理论,设计了一种二次谐波回旋管的渐变复合腔结构,并进行了数值模拟;通过采用波纹波导结构和不同的相位重匹配技术进行优化分析,设计了一种94GHz波纹波导模式转换器;根据模拟计算结果研制出了94GHz渐变复合腔二次谐波回旋管。实际测试的结果表明：所研制的回旋管在电子注电压50kV,电流8．8A,工作磁场1．56T时工作频率为94．2GHz,峰值输出功率为115kW,平均输出功率为3kW,效率为26％。     

紧凑型高阶回旋管模式激励器初步研究

为了模拟回旋管输出的TE62模,需要设计一个模式激励器。文中采用同轴波导谐振腔结构,通过选择合适的内外导体半径比及腔体尺寸,来获得纯度较高的TE62模。并使用HFSS 软件对腔体进行了仿真,仿真计算结果与理论值相吻合,表明这种结构是可行的。     

W波段回旋行波管输出结构的优化设计*

在回旋行波管的设计过程中,输出结构性能的高低直接影响到整管增益的高低以及输出功率的大小。采用切比雪夫渐变波导作为耦合输出段,通过对轮廓线的计算程序进行改进,将中心频率作为可变量进行了修正。仿真结果表明,长度为75mm改进后的切比雪夫渐变结构不仅能抑制工作模式向杂模TE02和TE03的耦合,还能有效减少工作模式的反射。在整个工作频段内,杂模TE02和TE03的耦合系数分别低于-33dB和-65dB,TE01模的反射系数低于-20dB,TE01模的传输系数高于-0.01dB。     

开槽波导3次谐波回旋行波放大管非线性理论与数值模拟

本文讨论了开槽圆柱波导的高频场分布,给出了注波互作用自洽非线性理论,在电子作大回旋运动与考虑速度零散的情况下,采用四阶龙格库塔法,对均匀截面开槽波导３次谐波回旋行波放大管注波互作用进行了数值计算,得出一些重要的互作用规律,为回旋行波放大管的进一步研究打下了基础。     

Ka波段TE_（01）模回旋速调管带新型渐变段输出腔设计

利用正余弦拟合的方法和半径渐变波导的耦合波理论,设计出一种Ka波段TE01模回旋速调管带该新型渐变段输出腔。通过Matlab数值计算和HFSS仿真优化,研究了该新型渐变段的传输参数、反射参数、对杂模的抑制等性能指标。仿真结果表明：在渐变段长度为80mm、口径由14mm变化到32mm的情况下,在33～35GHz的范围内该新型渐变的传输参数大于-0.016dB,反射参数小于-55dB,对TE02模的耦合为-25dB和对TE03模抑制在-55dB以下;而该输出腔的中心频率为34.075GHz,Q值为109.6,工作模式TE01模式的模式纯度大于0.94。     

94GHz二次谐波回旋管波纹波导模式转换

在耦合波理论的基础上,详细讨论了3mm二次谐波渐变复合腔回旋管内置TE03—TE02—TE01模式转换器,并使模式转换器兼作回旋管的收集极.采用波纹波导结构和不同的相位重匹配技术进行优化分析,得到了可靠的最优几何参量.以此结果设计出了紧凑、高效的94GH z波纹波导模式转换器,并在回旋管的热测实验中测出模式样图.     

8mm波段圆波导TE11模式过渡器的设计

模式过渡器是微波毫米波系统中的重要部件,它实现微波在两种尺寸不同的器件间传输。根据耦合波理论推导出耦合波方程,由该方程及模式过渡器设计原理提出一种线性渐变轮廓和两种非线性渐变轮廓的圆波导TE11模式过渡器。利用高频系统仿真软件HFSS分析比较了8mm波段内三种过渡器的具体长度、端口反射系数及相对功率分布,所得结果与设计要求符合,可以在工程中应用。     

渐变型太赫兹空芯波导的传输特性

研究了渐变型空芯波导(GTHW)在太赫兹波段的传输特性。基于几何光学方法,仿真分析了波导的输出光束质量和传输损耗特性。相比均匀型空芯波导,当光从渐变型空芯波导的大端传输至小端或沿相反方向传输时,渐变型波导具有特殊性能。当光从波导大端传输至小端,渐变型和均匀型波导具有相似的弯曲附加损耗,并且渐变型波导具有更高的耦合效率,便于与多种光源耦合;当光从波导小端传输至大端,渐变型波导的传输损耗和输出光束发散角更小。仿真了波导弯曲率、光源发散角和波导锥度等参数对传输损耗的影响。采用波长532 nm的半导体激光器作为光源,进行了验证实验。测量数据与仿真结果有很好的一致性。     

General theory and design of microwave open resonators

Based on the analysis of wave propagation in a waveguide with slowly varying cross-section, a general theory is developed for microwave open resonators with rotational-symmetric waveguides; this geometry has been extensively used in the gyrotrons. The theoretical analysis is carried through under the most general conditions, that is the cross-section radius r(z) of the resonator is a slowly varying arbitrary function of z and the resonator is open. The general expressions for the resonant frequencies and the Q have been derived. A design method for this kind of open resonator has been proposed. Calculation results for two practical resonators are presented.     

用于磁约束核聚变电子回旋共振加热系统的兆瓦级回旋管

磁约束核聚变能是目前人类认识到可以根本解决人类能源问题的重要途径之一。电子回旋共振加热(ECRH)和电流驱动(ECCD)是核聚变装置等离子体温度达到约1亿度稳定聚变条件的主要加热方式。而回旋管是ECRH系统高功率微波源的核心器件。本文针对磁约束核聚变能ECRH系统所需的高功率微波源介绍了国内外兆瓦级回旋管的技术发展、研究现状和发展趋势,并探讨了回旋管的未来研究方向。     

THE DESIGNS OF HIGH EFFICIENCY LAUNCHER OF QUASI-OPTICAL MODE CONVERTER FOR HIGH POWER GYROTRONS

A high efficiency launcher of quasi-optical (QO) mode converters for high power gyrotrons have been designed and tested. A helical cut launcher radiates the RF power via its straight cut onto the first phase correcting mirror. The launchers have been optimized for the TE_31.8 mode at 170 GHz and TE_22.6 mode at 110 GHz by numerically optimizing a launcher surface. The helical cut of the launcher has been optimized by taking the taper angle into account. Further more, the amplitude of the surface perturbation have been optimized for improved focusing in order to reduce the diffraction losses at the helical cut. Low power measurement shows a good agreement with the design. High efficiency characteristics of the design have also been calculated on the assumption of frequency downshift due to the thermal expansion of the cavity and stepwise frequency tuning by changing the operating mode. Besides, the possibility of high efficiency launcher for higher mode is discussed, and these results give the prospect to high efficiency long pulse gyrotrons.     

High accuracy numerical solutions for band structures in strained quantum well semiconductor optical amplifiers

In this paper,we have calculated the band structure of strained quantum well (QW) semiconductor optical amplifiers (SOAs) by using plane wave expansion method (PWEM) and finite difference method (FDM),respectively.The difference between these two numerical methods is presented.First,the solution of Schr(o)dinger's equation in a conduction band for parabolic potential well is used to check the validity and accuracy of these two numerical methods.For the PWEM,its stability and computational speed are investigated as a function of the number of plane waves and the period of QW.For FDM,effects of mesh size and QW width on its accuracy and calculation time are discussed.Finally,we find that the computational speed of FDM generally is faster than that of PWEM.However,the PWEM is more efficient than the FDM when wider SOAs are needed to be calculated.Therefore,to obtain high accuracy and efficient numerical solutions for band structures,numerical methods should be selected depending on required accuracy,device structure and further applications.     

直升机桨叶共锥度测量中圆形标记点高精度定位方法

针对直升机桨叶共锥度测量中背景复杂、圆形标记点较小,易出现定位不准的问题,提出一种新的圆形标记点定位方法.首先,利用OTSU图像分割方法计算阈值;然后,以OTSU阈值为边界阈值,对图像进行多重分割;利用圆度特征和质心变化规律,对每一次分割后的连通域轮廓进行干扰排除,实现圆形标记点的粗定位;最后,采用最小二乘拟合法完成标记点的精确定位.通过圆形标记点定位实验,表明该方法在复杂场景下对较小的圆形标记点具有较高的定位精度,可用于提高大场景复杂环境下直升机桨叶共锥度测量精度.     

大功率微波真空电子学技术进展

本文综述了近十年来微波真空电子技术进展,由于其在现代军事装备中的重要作用和近十年来技术上取得的进步,使微波真空电子器件在未来30年中仍然是国防装备的核心器件.大功率行波管、微波功率模块(MPM)、多注速调管、回旋管和微型真空电子器件等是正在发展中的重要器件;真空电子器件和半导体器件之间的相互结合与渗透,必将建立兼有两者优点的、性能更加优良的新一代大功率微波电子器件.     

车载多天线系统的电磁兼容问题分析

本文采用矩量法和微波网络理论相结合的方法分析了车载多天线系统的电磁兼容问题，该方法先将天线系统等效为微波网络，然后采用矩量法求解该等效网络的导纳矩阵Y，利用该导纳矩阵可求得天线间的耦合度，文中也对发射功率较大的天线的近场分布进行了分析。     

Numerical Analysis of Weakly Relativistic Large Orbit Gyrotron with Permanent Magnet System

High-harmonic gyro-devices with axis-encircling electron beams known as large orbit gyrotrons (LOG) represent an appealing alternative to the conventional gyrotrons. In this paper we investigate the feasibility of such device operating with low current and low energy electron beams formed by a novel electron gun with a permanent magnet system. The results from the numerical experiments indicate the possibility to excite TE₄₁ mode at fourth harmonic of the cyclotron frequency. Simulations predict generation of microwave radiation with frequency 104 GHz and output power near 1 kW.     

Ultra-low absorption measurement in dielectrics in millimeter- andsubmillimeter-wave range

A measurement of ultra-low absorption of microwave radiation in dielectrics is reported. Two Fabry-Perot resonators with ⩾600000 quality factors, fully general-purpose interface bus programmable millimeter-wave frequency synthesizer with 10-15-mW continuous wave (CW) power level, 100-Hz frequency resolution from 78 to 118 GHz, and corresponding hardware and software for signal processing were used. The ±500-Hz accuracy of resonance curve width measurements was reached. This high accuracy allowed loss tangent measurement as small as 10^-6-10^-7 in dielectric samples with a thickness of ~0.5 mm. A convenient method of measurements of almost arbitrary plane parallel samples has been developed and described. Practical applications such as development and control of thin low-loss resonant windows of powerful (~1-MW CW) gyrotrons used in thermonuclear experiments, precise reflection coefficient of metals measurements, as well as other applications are discussed. The existence of such technique up to frequencies exceeding 1 THz makes measurements described at the whole millimeter- and submillimeter-wave bands affordable     

Telescope illumination and beam measurements for submillimeter astronomy

Submillimeter receivers which operate in the highest frequency atmospheric windows must still be mounted on large infrared and optical telescopes. Finding the optimum submillimeter wave illumination for these large telescopes is simplified by their effectively perfect optical surfaces and long focal lengths, but is complicated by telescope optics which have been optimized for non-tapered beams. In order to determine the effects of changing illumination edge taper, we calculated idealized aperture and beam efficiencies for telescopes which are used for submillimeter astronomical observations. The optimum illumination edge taper for the large infrared telescopes is near 10 dB, somewhat less than for classical radio telescopes, and is not very critical as long as it is between 10 and 13 dB. We also present an accurate method for measuring the sizes of, and deviations from, Gaussian beam pattern distributions by using astronomical sources which have sizes comparable with the beam.