基于射线跟踪法的73 GHz走廊环境MIMO信道特性研究

为了研究5G室内走廊环境的毫米波传输特性,通过射线跟踪仿真方法预测了室内走廊环境下73 GHz毫米波MIMO信道特性。介绍了实验的仿真环境和射线跟踪仿真预测的实验方法和具体参数设置。研究了室内走廊环境下73 GHz毫米波MIMO信道的路径损耗、RMS时延扩展和MIMO信道容量变化。发现了路径损耗斜率和RMS时延数值较小。研究MIMO容量随距离变化时发现,收发机沿走廊纵向方向中间处会产生容量峰值,主要是由于该处散射丰富,NLOS分量大。研究MIMO容量特性发现增大天线间距和增大天线阵列规模可以提升容量,但是采用4×64 Massive MIMO相对于采用4×4 MIMO时容量提升较为有限。实验证实了73 GHz毫米波MIMO可以用于室内走廊环境。     

频率选择性衰落MIMO信道的GBDB模型及其性能分析

针对频率选择性MIMO信道建立GBDB模型。综合考虑了无线衰落信道收发两端的多普勒扩展、非均匀角度扩展以及平均发射与到达方向,综合考虑了收发端天线阵的配置,推导出频率选择性MIMO信道的联合空时频相关函数,给出该模型的时延扩展的概率密度函数、时延谱与角度谱,并且与实测数据进行对比分析,验证了该模型的准确性。     

60 GHz与300 GHz频段航天器舱内通信信道特性

太赫兹(THz)技术有望在航天器舱体轻质化和舱内高容量传输需求方面发挥重要作用.本文构建了典型航天器舱内毫米波60 GHz与太赫兹300 GHz频段信道三维仿真模型,基于射线追踪法获取了两种典型发射机部署位置下的无线信道特性,提取并分析了路径损耗指数、阴影衰落因子、莱斯K因子、均方根时延扩展和角度扩展等关键信道参数,研究了发射机的部署位置对特定频段舱内信道的影响.结果表明：相同环境下,频率越高、路径损耗与莱斯K因子越大而时延扩展越小;相同频率下,发射机部署于舱内角落的信道特性优于部署于舱内上壁中央.本文所研究的无线信道特性将为未来复杂舱内环境下的太赫兹通信系统设计和部署提供启示.     

基于改进射线跟踪法和BP神经网络算法的室外微蜂窝毫米波信道特性研究

在28 GHz与39 GHz毫米波频段室外微蜂窝场景下,基于改进射线跟踪法和反向传播(back propagation, BP)神经网络算法对毫米波单发单收信道及单发多收信道进行建模仿真研究. 在得到的无线信道仿真数据基础上,研究分析了毫米波信道的路径损耗、均方根(root-mean-square, RMS)时延扩展(delay spread, DS)、接收功率等传播特性. 通过与现有文献的测量结果对比分析验证了改进射线跟踪法的正确性与有效性. 通过BP神经网络方法拟合得到的路径损耗模型参数结果与改进射线跟踪法仿真得到的路径损耗参数结果对比发现,两者吻合程度很高,验证了BP神经网络算法能很好地对室外微蜂窝毫米波信道大尺度参数进行预测. 同时,文中给出了一种普遍适用的用来表征室外微蜂窝视距(line-of-sight, LoS)与非视距(non-line-of-sight, NLoS)场景下28 GHz与39 GHz毫米波信道的路径损耗模型. 结果表明:LoS场景下的RMS DS和接收功率都小于NLoS场景下得到的结果;LoS场景与NLoS场景下RMS DS、水平方向到达角、多径簇的个数累积分布函数均服从高斯分布;RMS DS在毫米波频段微蜂窝场景下,随着频率的升高而增大,到达接收端的多径成簇呈现稀疏性.     

65.5 GHz毫米波信道测量与分析

毫米波技术和大规模多输入多输出天线技术是5G移动通信系统的关键技术. 为了研究60 GHz毫米波频段宽带信道特性,在会议室进行了65.5 GHz频段的信道测量活动. 首先基于方向性路损模型,研究路径损耗指数和阴影衰落特性;然后基于空间交替广义期望最大化（space-alternating generalized expectation-maximization, SAGE)参数化分析算法,提取水平到达角、时延和幅度信息;最后根据多径分量距离方法,对多径分量进行分簇,分析均方根时延扩展和均方根角度扩展特性. 实测结果表明:视距情况下,方向性路损在固定截距和浮动截距两种方式的拟合下与自由空间路径损耗模型相近;65.5 GHz下环境中的簇具有稀疏性;时延扩展和角度扩展的结果与第三代合作伙伴计划（the 3rd Generation Partnership Project, 3GPP）的结果相近. 本文提供的信道参数对于5G毫米波60 GHz频段信道建模和仿真具有重要参考意义.     

基于SBR仿真研究粗糙度对室内MIMO电波传播特性的影响

入射及反弹射线法是研究MIMO信道的有效技术.基于入射及反弹射线法对室内环境中的MIMO信道电波传播特性进行研究,在不同粗糙度条件下,针对接收功率、均方根时延扩展、MI-MO系统信道容量的分布情况及其特点进行了比较分析.仿真结果与文献已知结论一致性良好.     

一种新的MIMO信道模型

实际无线通信环境中发送天线之间以及接收天线之间存在相关性.针对以上特点,从多径MIMO信道的特性出发,首先建立发射天线相关系数矩阵和接收天线相关系数矩阵,并将它们引入无线信道的莱斯MIMO信道模型中.最后通过分析LOS MIMO信道相关模型和瑞利衰落MIMO信道相关模型,给出了具体的建模步骤.仿真结果表明采用本文方法产生的信道模型的MIMO系统误码率更低,从而验证了该信道模型能够较好地模拟MIMO系统的空间信道.     

一种联合TOA与DPS估计的MIMO OFDM系统信道估计算法

本文提出了一种基于联合TOA(到达时间)与DPS(时延功率谱)估计的MIMO OFDM系统信道估计算法,该算法借助导频设计,通过联合TOA与 DPS估计对各路径时延位置进行精确定位,并在此基础上,对初始时域信道估计进行非线性滤波,从而改善了大时延扩展信道条件下由于导频子载波受限所导致的估计性能恶化现象.此外,文中还进一步分析、推导了该算法所适用的信道多径时延条件.最后,仿真结果也表明该算法可有效对抗大时延扩展信道,而且其MSE、BER性能要优于传统的时域最小二乘信道估计算法.     

室内走廊环境高频段宽带无线信道测量与建模

为了验证在高频段进行宽带无线通信的可行性,介绍了针对室内走廊环境进行的14GHz宽带无线信道测量和所获取的信道特征。基于频域信道冲激响应测量方法,设计搭建了宽带无线信道测量平台,较好地克服了高频段电波传播能量实时测量采集的难度。基于实测数据提取信道参数化模型,获取了高频段电波传播特性参数统计分析结果,包括路径损耗与阴影衰落、时延扩展、角度扩展。测试与分析结果表明:高频段电波传播时延小、方向性强,适用于宽带互联通信。     

MIMO无线通信系统的信道建模

MIMO信道的空时特性是决定空时信号处理的关键,一个体现信道衰落特性的MIMO信道模型对MIMO技术的研究和应用是至关重要的。本文回顾了MIMO信道建模的发展,阐述了几个典型的信道模型,指出其适用范围,给出了几个需进一步考虑的关键特性。     

6.0-6.4GHz室内MIMO无线信道测量与传播特性分析

工作在6GHz以上高频段的多输入多输出(Multi-Input-Multi-Output,MIMO)无线通信系统是下一代无线移动通信的有力竞争方案.目前,对制约无线系统性能的高频段空时无线信道特性研究仍较少见.针对这一现状,采用基于网络分析仪的信道测量平台对典型办公环境下6.0-6.4GHz MIMO无线信道特性进行测量和分析.为了明确高频段为系统设计带来的新问题,将测量得到的高频段MIMO信道特性参数与低频段对比.对比结果表明,6.2GHz频段与2.45GHz频段MIMO信道传播特性存在较大差异.在对6.0-6.4GHz室内覆盖MIMO无线通信系统进行设计和评估时,需要基于6.0-6.4GHz频段无线信道传播的新特性对系统的关键技术和方案进行调整.     

Path loss and delay spread for the stairwell channel at 5 GHz

Measured channel characterization results are provided for six stairwells in the 5‐GHz band, for two distinct stairwell types and two antenna polarizations. The stairwell channel is of interest for several applications, including Wi‐Fi and public safety. Although other authors have reported stairwell path loss for other frequency bands (900 MHz, 2.4, 5.8 GHz), to our knowledge, ours is the first work at 5 GHz. More significantly, we report on floor attenuation factors and delay spread, which prior work has not thoroughly addressed. We measured power delay profiles and from these estimated propagation path loss and root‐mean square delay spread (RMS‐DS). Path loss exponents were between 5.5 and 8.3, and vertically polarized monopoles yield larger path loss and path loss exponents than horizontal polarization. Mean RMS‐DS values ranged from 15 to 57 ns for link distances covering up to three flights of stairs. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Bandwidth and frequency agile MIMO antenna for cognitive vehicular communications

A reconfigurable MIMO antenna for heterogeneous vehicular networks is reported in this paper. The frequency and bandwidth characteristics of the MIMO antenna can be reconfigured to meet multi-standard and multi-frequency requirements in automobiles. The antenna element evolved from an edge-chamfered ultra-wideband (UWB) antenna operating from 2.1 to >15 GHz. The bandwidth reconfiguration is achieved through the selection of excitation paths connecting the feed and radiator. The feedline selection is performed using PIN diodes, making the antenna operate in three distinct modes, namely, UWB mode (Mode 1: 2.1–>15 GHz), industrial, scientific and medical/Internet of Things (ISM/IoT) mode (Mode 2: 2.45 GHz), and wireless local area network (WLAN) mode (Mode 3: 5–6 GHz). The feed path corresponding to Mode 2 and Mode 3 is incorporated with a suitable filtering network to shape the frequency response of the antenna based on the user's requirements. Owing to the requirement of cognitive selection of frequency bands, the frequency tunability in Mode 2 is realized using varactor diodes. The varactor-incorporated feed path reconfigures the center frequency between 2.45 and 3.5 GHz. The proposed MIMO antenna offers gain and total efficiency greater than 2.94 dBi and 76%, respectively. The prototype of the 4-port MIMO antenna is being fabricated to test its functionality in real time.     

Experimental Characterization of the Outdoor MIMO Wireless Channel Temporal Variation

Time-variant multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) channels are measured in an outdoor campus environment at 2.45 GHz with directional patch arrays and omnidirectional monopole arrays. A number of useful metrics are proposed for quantifying time variation in MIMO channels: eigenvalue level crossing rate, eigenvector angular deviation, and capacity loss for delayed transmit and receive channel state information (CSI). Measurements in four different environments confirm the strong correlation between angular spread of multipath and MIMO channel time variability. The rate of time variation is also strongly influenced by the type of array, indicating that directional elements may be advantageous for highly mobile environments. The proposed metrics indicate that although the physical communication layer may need to update CSI several times per wavelength, the required rate of adaptation in transmit rate, modulation, and power allocation is much less severe     

宽带相控阵雷达发射多波束形成技术研究

针对宽带LFM 雷达发射多波束形成问题开展研究,设计了一种采用时变加权的低成本和低复杂度的同时发射多波束形成系统方案,并研制了一套S波段4通道的测试系统。该测试系统带宽>20%,中心频率在2.45GHz。在该系统中,波束形成和通道校正权值都通过在发射射频链路上以时(频)变加权的方式实现,实际测试得到的通道射频特性和远场方向图结果验证了该方法的技术可行性。     

Design of Dual‐Band MIMO Antenna with High Isolation for WLAN Mobile Terminal

In this paper, we propose a dual‐band multiple‐input multiple‐output (MIMO) antenna with high isolation for WLAN applications (2.45 GHz and 5.2 GHz). The proposed antenna is composed of a mobile communication terminal board, eight radiators, a coaxial feed line, and slots for isolation. The measured ?10 dB impedance bandwidths are 10.1% (2.35 GHz to 2.6 GHz) and 3.85% (5.1 GHz to 5.3 GHz) at each frequency band. The proposed four‐element MIMO antenna has an isolation of better than 35 dB at 2.45 GHz and 45 dB at 5.2 GHz between each element. The antenna gain is 3.2 dBi at 2.45 GHz and 4.2 dBi at 5.2 GHz.     

MIMO信道容量的研究与仿真

MIMO技术可以在不增加带宽和发射功率的情况下提高信道容量和频谱利用率。本文使用MATLAB建立SISO、SIMO、MISO、MIMO等无线信道,进行综合仿真并分析。通过仿真,我们得知,MIMO不但能有效地提高信道的容量,同时可以改善信道的平均信道容量和中断信道容量。     

28 GHz MIMO无线信道特性分析与研究

基于室内视距(Line-of-Sight,LOS)和非视距(Non-Line-of-Sight,NLOS)无线信道测量数据,研究了28 GHz多输入多输出(Multiple-Input Multiple-Output,MIMO)信道参数和容量特性.具体地说,分析了莱斯K因子、时延扩展、出发角和到达角的角度扩展等信道参数,研究了MIMO信道容量及空间相关性对容量的影响.结果表明:莱斯K因子、时延扩展以及角度扩展值取决于测量环境及场景;LOS条件下时延扩展的累积分布函数(Cumulative Distribution Function,CDF)曲线与正态分布拟合优于NLOS条件下的数据;MIMO天线空间相关性越大信道容量越小.本文结果可为28 GHz无线通信系统设计提供有用信息.     

Indoor channel characteristics based on wideband MIMO measurements at 5.25 GHz

Extensive indoor channel measurements were conducted in Beijing with wideband multiple-input multiple-output （MIMO） sounder at 5.25 GHz. Both line-of-sight （LOS） and non-line-of-sight （NLOS） propagation were measured in the indoor office and hotspot scenarios. On the basis of measured data, statistical channel characteristics are presented in this article, including the empirical path loss （PL） models, three excess delay parameters, circular azimuth spread （CAS）, and circular elevation spread （CES）. Comparative analysis of different propagation mechanisms in two scenarios is conducted. These values are significant for indoor coverage and technical research of MIMO and orthogonal frequency division multiplexing （OFDM） for the international mobile telecommunications-advanced （IMT-Advanced） system.