被动毫米波焦面阵成像技术

以安全检查为背景,研究了近距离被动毫米波焦面阵成像的关键技术.其中包括采用基模高斯波束法结合几何光学法分析系统准光路;设计多波束宽角扫描透镜天线;提出一种新型结构的介质棒天线,该天线易于排成紧密阵列且能够为透镜提供良好的照射;研制工作于Ka频段的高灵敏度、小型化直接检波式辐射计等.给出了20通道被动毫米波焦面阵成像系统...     

8mm点聚焦透镜天线设计

根据对物体毫米波信号采集的需要,设计一种工作于8 mm频段的点聚焦透镜天线,选用宽波束微带天线做馈源,设计焦距大小不同的双面透镜,采用电磁仿真软件CST对聚焦透镜天线进行仿真实验,从仿真结果可以看出,不同焦距双面透镜实现了预期聚焦效果且空间分辨率大小能够满足对物体逐点扫描的需求。     

毫米波新月形柱面透镜天线设计

设计了一个毫米波均匀介质新月形柱面透镜天线。考虑到透镜天线设计中遇到的计算过程复杂、工作量大的问题,提出采用射线追踪法分析毫米波透镜天线,通过MATLAB编程仿真得到满意的效果。该结果与其他仿真结果基本吻合,但是具有省时和节省计算机存储空间等优点,可作为毫米波透镜天线设计的优选方案。     

基于面积映射方法的多波束透镜天线设计

多波束天线技术可用于提升频谱资源利用率和信道容量而备受关注,而利用变换光学的方法设计各类天线也成为近年来的研究热点.提出了利用面积映射方法来设计多波束透镜天线,探讨了透镜天线的实现方法,并仿真验证了天线性能.研究结果表明,基于面积映射方法所设计的多波束透镜天线可呈现出无磁性且分块均匀的材料参数分布,进而可用介质基板钻孔...     

基于波束波导的大功率毫米波传输技术

波束波导传输系统具有功率容量高,波束扫描不需要旋转关节等特点,非常适用于大功率毫米波辐射系统.介绍了一种波束波导传输系统的设计方法和初步试验结果,该设计是基于高斯束方法开展的一种新的波束波导传输系统设计,该波束波导由偏置角θ=90°的对称双抛物反射面组成.试验结果验证了该波束波导系统对3 mm频段的大功率毫米波高斯波束的保形变换传输能力.     

A multi-beam planar lens antenna for UAV relay datalink

龙伯透镜天线表面放置多个馈源即可在同一频段或跨频段同时产生多个扫描波束跟踪多个目标,针对这一特点,设计了适用于C频段无人机中继数据链的紧凑多波束平板透镜天线。采用矢量球面波函数展开法结合差分进化算法优化设计透镜天线,仿真分析了单个Vivaldi天线照射3层直径160 mm平板透镜天线,天线增益优于传统均匀分层的透镜天线。同时,采用16个Vivaldi天线组成半圆环阵照射平板透镜天线,通过扫描波束的馈电切换,实现宽角范围的多波束覆盖。仿真结果表明:平板透镜天线在宽频带(5.5~9.0 GHz)内具有良好的多波束辐射特性。     

Ka波段被动成像天线系统设计与研究

针对Ka波段被动毫米波成像应用,设计了一种由介质透镜与缝隙天线馈源组成的天线系统.将高斯波束理论与光学透镜中的等光程原理相结合,设计了一种大口径介质透镜,该透镜具有良好的聚焦性能;提出了一种新型的共轭直线渐变缝隙天线作为透镜的馈源,该天线呈现出截面小、增益高的优良性能,可以在焦平面上形成密集的馈源阵列.将所设计的介质透镜与馈源天线进行联合仿真,研究结果表明,该系统在距透镜2.81 m处聚焦焦斑为50 mm,并且在±5°偏焦时聚焦焦斑都小于60 mm.所设计的天线系统具备很好的聚焦性能且具有较大的偏焦工作角度,可以适用于被动毫米波近场成像应用.     

长距离太赫兹无衍射波束的产生

提出一种轴棱锥-透镜-轴棱锥的相位透镜组结构,对该结构进行理论分析和模拟仿真计算,并采用快速三维打印技术制备的轴棱锥进行实验验证,获得无衍射长度接近1000 mm的太赫兹贝塞尔波束。该波束的无衍射区域不再紧贴轴棱锥,而是具有约100 mm的投送距离。该研究结果可促进太赫兹贝塞尔波束在大景深成像方面的应用。     

基于新型泡沫材料的龙伯透镜天线设计

该文利用新型泡沫材料聚甲基丙烯酰亚胺(PMI),设计了一种适用于复杂太空环境探测的毫米波龙伯透镜天线,通过将泡沫材料的密度与介电常数相关联,结合传统龙伯透镜天线的工作原理进行仿真优化,实现了小型化高增益多波束的功能。仿真结果表明:该天线工作于33.7 GHz,增益可以达到25.65 dBi,波束宽度4.17°。该设计方法为将来小型化高增益的龙伯透镜的实现提供了新的思路。     

基于光学变换的平面龙伯透镜天线

龙伯透镜天线具有高增益、低副瓣和宽带特性,可以实现多波束,进行大角度扫描等优点,主要应用于卫星通信、电子对抗等领域。但因其体积大、重量大和球形结构不易固定等缺点,在实际应用中受到很大的限制。本文基于光学变换原理设计了一种新型的全介质平面龙伯透镜天线,半径为60 mm,厚度为20 mm,在15 GHz时,天线增益为23 dB,半功率波束宽度为12°,第一副瓣电平低于-23 dB。同时设计了平面和圆弧馈源阵列,在70°范围内实现了较好的多波束覆盖。     

毫米波宽带高增益介质超透镜天线设计

基于相位补偿原理设计了一款全介质超透镜,同时使用喇叭天线作为馈源对透镜进行馈电.通过改变介质单元的高度和介质孔的深度实现了足够的相位补偿范围.该透镜共有506个单元,口径尺寸为44.6 mm×46.6 mm,该传输阵天线的焦径比为1.天线使用全介质结构,因此使用3D打印技术加工该全介质透镜,可以降低加工成本.仿真与实测...     

基于介质透镜的太赫兹引信天线技术

介绍了太赫兹频段引信天线的优缺点与背景需求。为实现太赫兹频段引信天线工程应用,分析了介质透镜天线在太赫兹频段的工作原理及应用特点,采用H面喇叭嵌装介质透镜天线形成太赫兹频段引信天线,可以有效缩短H面喇叭天线的纵向尺寸。并利用透镜的偏焦技术形成不同波束倾角的引信天线,对不同波束倾角的太赫兹引信天线进行了仿真计算,仿真计算结果验证了该技术方案的可行性。     

SAR EVALUATION IN THE 0.25 MM HUMAN EYE MODEL EXPOSED TO 30 GHz MILLIMETER WAVE

We have evaluated the specific absorption rate (SAR) in the eye induced by the perpendicular incidence of 30 GHz uniform plane millimeter wave (MMW). An anatomically based 0.25 mm voxel model of the eye with 10 types of tissue is constructed. Debye’s dispersion equation is used to derive the dielectric properties of the eye tissues and biological materials in the neighboring region. The three-dimensional (3-D) finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) algorithm and the perfectly matched layer (PML) absorbing boundary conditions are used in the numerical simulation. The FDTD code is validated against the Mie theory. The SAR deposition in the eye is calculated and displayed, with the analysis on the SAR distribution characteristics. The average SAR values in the cornea, the lens cortex, the lens nucleus, the humor, and the whole eye are statistically derived and examined against present irradiation safety standard.     

An improved solution for integrated array optics in quasi-opticalmm and submm receivers: the hybrid antenna

A dielectric lens antenna that is a special case of an extended hemispherical dielectric lens and is operated in the diffraction-limited regime is considered. The dielectric lens antenna is fed by a planar antenna that is mounted on the flat side of the dielectric lens antenna, using it as a substrate, and the combination is termed a hybrid antenna. Beam pattern and aperture efficiency measurements were made at millimeter and submillimeter wavelengths as a function of the extension of the hemispherical lens and of lens size. An optimum extension distance for which excellent beam patterns and simultaneously high aperture efficiencies can be achieved is found experimentally and numerically. At 115 GHz the aperture efficiency was measured to be (76±6)% for a diffraction-limited beam with sidelobes below -17 dB. Results for a single hybrid antenna with an integrated superconductor-insulator-superconductor (SIS) detector and a broadband matching structure at submillimeter wavelengths are presented. The hybrid antenna is space efficient in an array due to its high aperture efficiency, and is easily mass produced, thus being well suited for focal plane heterodyne receiver arrays     

Peano分形加载单极子辐射性能的研究

对有限地板尺寸和介质填充情况下Peano分形加载单极子天线的辐射特性进行了研究.利用HFSS分析了地板尺寸和填充介质材料对天线反射系数、辐射方向图和增益的影响.仿真表明:随着地板尺寸的减小,天线的阻抗带宽和增益明显减小,H面方向图变化不大,而E面方向图的半功率波束宽度增大,波束仰角减小;填充材料的介电常数过大会导致天线性能的恶化.在分析研究的基础上,设计并研制了地板尺寸为220mm×220mm的一阶和二阶Peano分形加载单极子天线.天线分别实现了45°和36°的波束仰角,50°和45°的半功率波束宽度.仿真与实测结果均表明凋节地板尺寸是控制Peano分形加载单极子天线E面半功率波束宽度和波束仰角的一种简单而有效的方法.     

A complete procedure for the design and optimization of arbitrarily shaped integrated lens antennas

This paper proposes a new design methodology of arbitrarily shaped integrated lens antennas (ILAs). First, we describe the design principles and numerical techniques of the optimization iterative loop. The starting lens shape, deduced from a general synthesis method based on geometrical optics principles, is optimized so that the radiation pattern of the ILA complies with an arbitrary amplitude-shaped template. The optimization procedure is local and is based on a multidimensional conjugate gradient method. Then, the capabilities and potentialities of this approach are demonstrated numerically using two examples. In the first one, an ILA radiating a secant-squared beam in one principal plane and a flat-top beam in the orthogonal plane is designed for indoor communications in V-band. In the second example (Gaussian/flat-top beam), we show for the first time that the joint optimization of the feed together with the lens shape is a very promising design methodology. Finally, our design tools are validated experimentally in Q-band through the synthesis and optimization of a peculiar small shaped ILA (28 mm/spl times/28 mm/spl times/15 mm) fed by an aperture-coupled microstrip patch antenna.     

8毫米波均匀介质球透镜多波束天线的研究

介绍了均匀介质球透镜天线基本特点;仿真分析了单馈源时均匀介质球透镜天线的辐射性能;在单馈源的基础上,仿真分析了8馈源时的辐射性能。根据仿真结果加工了均匀介质球透镜,同时设计制作了包括16个圆波导的馈电网络以及馈电网络的数字控制器。在馈电网络中16个圆波导沿介质球周围成弧形排成上下2层,每层8个。通过同一层上的馈电单元之间的切换实现水平扫描,而通过切换不同层上的馈电单元实现垂直扫描。实测结果表明均匀介质球扫描天线性能良好。     

A new accurate design method for millimeter-wave homogeneous dielectric substrate lens antennas of arbitrary shape

The synthesis and the optimization of three-dimensional (3-D) lens antennas, consisting of homogeneous dielectric lenses of arbitrary shape and fed by printed sources, are studied theoretically and experimentally at millimeter(mm)-wave frequencies. The aim of the synthesis procedure is to find a lens profile that transforms the radiation pattern of the primary feed into a desired amplitude shaped output pattern. This synthesis problem has been previously applied for dielectric lenses and reflectors. As far as we know, we propose, for the first time, to adapt and implement it for the design of substrate lens antennas. The inverse scattering problem is solved in two steps. In the first one, the geometry of the 3-D lens is rigorously derived using geometrical optics (GO) principles. The resulting second-order partial-differential equation is strongly nonlinear and is of the Monge-Ampe/spl grave/re (M.A) type. The iterative algorithm implemented to solve it is described in detail. Then, a surface optimization of the lens profile combined with an analysis kernel based on physical optics (PO) is performed in order to comply with the prescribed pattern. Our algorithms are successfully validated with the design of a lens antenna radiating an asymmetric Gaussian pattern at 58.5 GHz whose half-power beamwidth equals 10/spl deg/ in H plane and 30/spl deg/ in E plane. The lens is illuminated by a microstrip 2/spl times/2 patch antenna array. Two lens prototypes have been manufactured in Teflon. Before optimization, the measured radiation patterns are in very good agreement with the predicted ones; nevertheless, the -12 dB side lobes and oscillations appearing in the main lobe evidence a strong difference between the desired and measured patterns. This discrepancy is significantly reduced using the optimized lens.     

加载介质透镜的超宽带平面螺旋天线设计

针对乳腺癌检测、成像等医疗领域对天线高增益及宽频带的需求,研究设计了一款加载介质透镜的超宽带平面螺旋天线。该天线采用双臂平面阿基米德螺旋天线作为辐射单元,在辐射臂外围间隔一定距离处加载金属圆环以改善驻波性能,并由指数渐变式微带巴伦作为馈电结构。天线顶部加载介质透镜,底部设置金属圆台形反射背板,实现了调整波束形状和提高天线增益的目的。加装圆柱形天线罩后天线高度约为87.53 mm,直径约为46.50 mm。仿真结果显示,天线在3－12 GHz 工作频带内回波损耗小于-10 dB,辐射方向图呈现良好的定向辐射特性,实测结果与仿真结果基本一致。