基于非理想信道状态信息的鲁棒安全发送方法

针对协方差信道状态信息(Channel State Information, CSI)不理想导致的通信系统安全性能恶化问题,该文提出一种鲁棒的人工噪声辅助的物理层安全发送方法。该方法基于非理想的协方差信道信息,对发送者的波束成形向量及人工噪声协方差进行联合优化设计,从而最大化系统的最差情况安全速率(Worst-Case Secrecy Rate, WCSR)。该功率受限的安全速率最大化问题是非凸的,采用半定松弛(SemiDefinite Relaxation, SDR)技术和Lagrange对偶理论将其转化为一系列的半定规划(SemiDefinite Program, SDP)问题进行求解。仿真结果表明,与现有方案相比,所提方法的安全性能有了明显的提升。     

协同系统鲁棒波束成形算法研究

由于实际很难获得理想信道状态信息(CSI),传统协同波束成形算法性能严重下降。设计对信道误差具有鲁棒性的波束成形算法具有重要的实际意义。针对放大转发协同系统最大化目的节点信噪比(SNR)准则下的波束成形设计,提出对应鲁棒算法。该算法从最坏情况鲁棒设计思想出发,建立保证鲁棒性的最优化问题,应用扩展S引理和Schur补定理将该问题由初始不可解转化为可解的准凸问题,进而求解出保证鲁棒性的波束成形因子。仿真表明:同等CSI偏差下,所提鲁棒算法的中断概率性能优于传统波束成形算法。     

大规模天线SWIPT的安全速率性能分析

多入单出广播系统中,现有研究均是在完整信道状态信息下来优化单用户安全速率,而实际上,系统中不可能只存在一个用户,基站往往接收到的也是不完整信道状态信息.针对此问题,提出了一种顽健性波束成形方案.在多用户情况下,考虑信道估计误差对系统安全速率的影响,采用粒子群算法来联合优化发射波束成形矢量、人工噪声协方差和功率分流比,从而在确保用户收集一定能量的同时最大化安全传输速率.仿真结果表明,所提方案相对于理想情况下的安全速率略微降低,但考虑到存在窃听用户和估计误差的情况,对实际系统具有指导意义.     

不准确CSI下智能反射表面辅助的多用户系统物理层安全方案设计

该文研究智能反射表面(Intelligent Reflecting Surface, IRS)辅助的多用户下行系统中的物理层安全的优化问题。多个用户之间的信息需要相互保密,每个时隙,非信息传输的目标用户视为窃听者,因此这是一个多窃听者的安全传输系统。由于信道的时变性,基站拥有窃听信道的信道状态信息(Channel State Information, CSI)为与真实的CSI间存在误差的过时信息。在此条件下,以系统最坏情况下的保密速率最大化为目标,对基站发射信息信号和人工噪声波束成形矢量,以及IRS的相移矩阵进行联合优化。原始优化问题为非凸半正定规划问题,利用松弛变量、惩罚函数、Charnes-Cooper变换和交替迭代优化等方法将原问题转化为凸问题并求解。仿真结果显示,相较于基准方案,该文所提出的优化算法能有效提高系统的保密速率。     

非理想信道状态信息下RIS辅助的安全通信

利用可重构智能表面(Reconfigurable Intelligent Surface, RIS)辅助无线发射机,可提高多用户无线网络的安全传输能力。在非理想信道状态信息(Channel State Information, CSI)下提出了鲁棒波束形成优化方法来提高系统对抗干扰和窃听攻击的能力。具体地,使用RIS辅助发射机,对RIS的相位波束形成和基站的传输功率进行联合优化,在分别满足有界CSI的最坏情况速率约束和统计CSI的速率中断概率约束来最小化系统的总传输功率。由于存在CSI误差,针对有界CSI和统计CSI误差约束,分别利用S-procedure来松弛保密速率约束和大偏差不等式(Large Deviation Inequality, LDI)来松弛保密速率中断概率约束。仿真结果表明,相比于无源反射法和传统波束形成方案,该方法可分别降低约88%和93%总传输功率,同时提高约15 dBm和12 dBm的干扰容限。     

多点协作下行链路单调协同波束形成算法

研究了单基站功率约束条件下的多点协作多输入单输出干扰下行链路系统的和速率最大化非凸优化问题。为有效求解和速率最大化优化问题,首先采用分层优化方法将和速率最大化优化问题分解成发射功率最小化优化问题和单输入单输出干扰信道的和速率最大化优化问题;其次利用二阶锥规划优化方法求解发射功率最小化优化问题;然后利用凸近似和几何规划方法求解单输入单输出干扰信道的和速率最大化优化问题;最后通过交替求解这两个子优化问题,进而提出了一种新颖的单调协同多点波束成形算法;而且利用单有界序列原理证明了所提算法的收敛性。数值仿真表明所提算法只需约四次迭代即可收敛到稳定点,而且所获得的最优性能非常接近穷举搜索算法的最优性能。      

非对称信道下双向中继网络中最大化和速率的波束成形设计

双向中继网络的波束成形设计大都基于对称信道的假设。该文考虑非对称信道的情况,通过合理设计波束成形因子,使得系统在中继总功率约束下,其和速率最大化。为解决此非凸的最优化问题,首先提出了一种基于分支定界(branch-and-bound)思想的优化算法,并证明了该算法可获得全局最优解。然后提出了一种次优算法,该算法假设次优解为两个已知向量的线性组合,因而求解次优解只需优化两个实数系数,具有较低的复杂度。仿真表明,分支定界算法性能优于现有其他算法;次优算法相对于分支定界算法有一定的性能损失,但是在节点数较小或中继节点平均功率较低时,次优算法优于其他现有算法。     

多小区多用户无线网络下行链路协同波束成形设计

在频率复用的多小区多用户无线网络中,为了获得较好的和速率性能,研究了降低同频干扰的协同波束成形设计问题。博弈论分析结果表明,性能最优的协同波束成形矢量是自私和利他策略的线性组合。提出了一种最大化和速率的波束成形矢量迭代算法,给出了基于信道状态统计量的组合系数的估计方法。最后,仿真评估了波束成形算法的性能,表明了所提迭代算法的收敛性。     

智能反射面辅助的抗干扰安全通信系统鲁棒资源分配算法

为了解决恶意干扰攻击、窃听和不完美信道状态信息造成的通信质量降低和安全性差等问题,该文提出一种智能反射面(IRS)辅助的抗干扰安全通信系统鲁棒资源分配算法。首先,基于合法用户的最小安全速率约束、最大发射功率约束和IRS相移约束,在非法节点不完美信道状态信息、干扰器波束成形向量未知的情况下,构建了一个联合优化基站的波束成形向量、人工噪声的协方差矩阵和IRS的相移矩阵的鲁棒资源分配问题。其次,为了求解该非凸问题,利用交替优化、Cauchy-Schwarz不等式、连续凸逼近和泰勒级数展开等方法,将原问题转化为易于求解的凸优化问题。仿真结果表明,与传统算法相比所提算法能有效提高系统安全性、降低功率开销、提高抗干扰裕度,且在一定信道误差范围内能够减低约35%的保密中断概率,具有较强的鲁棒性。     

TDD系统中不准确的CSI对MISO传输的影响

在时分工(TDD)多输入单输出(MISO)系统中,发送机通过信道估计获得信道状态信息(CSI),根据信道互易性可用其计算发送波束成形(TBF)的加权向量.然而,由于信道估计和TDD的收发机时延,CSI可能会不准确.通过推导接收机误比特率(BER)与CSI的闭合表达关系,分析了不准确的CSI对接收机性能的影响.最后用数值仿真验证了性能分析的正确性.     

On the secrecy performance of integrated satellite‐aerial‐terrestrial networks

This paper investigates secure transmission of an integrated satellite‐aerial‐terrestrial network (ISATN), where multiple eavesdroppers (Eves) attempt to overhear the satellite signals cooperatively. The ISATN adopts an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) equipped with multiple antennas as a relay with threshold‐based decode‐and‐forward (DF) protocol. By assuming that perfect instantaneous channel state information (CSI) of the satellite‐UAV link and the statistical CSI of the UAV‐user link are available, we first propose a beamforming (BF) scheme for maximizing the achievable secrecy rate (ASR) of the considered network. Then, we derive the analytical expressions of the secrecy outage probability (SOP) and ergodic secrecy rate (ESR) of the considered system with the BF strategy under an assumption that the satellite‐UAV link undergoes the shadowed‐Rician fading, while the UAV‐user link experiences the correlated Rayleigh fading. Finally, numerical results are given to demonstrate the superiority of the proposed BF scheme against zero forcing (ZF) and maximal ratio transmission (MRT) schemes and the validity of the secrecy performance analysis.     

On the Secrecy Capacity of Fading Channels

We consider the secure transmission of information over an ergodic fading channel in the presence of an eavesdropper. Our eavesdropper can be viewed as the wireless counterpart of Wyner's wiretapper. The secrecy capacity of such a system is characterized under the assumption of asymptotically long coherence intervals. We first consider the full channel state information (CSI) case, where the transmitter has access to the channel gains of the legitimate receiver and the eavesdropper. The secrecy capacity under this full CSI assumption serves as an upper bound for the secrecy capacity when only the CSI of the legitimate receiver is known at the transmitter, which is characterized next. In each scenario, the perfect secrecy capacity is obtained along with the optimal power and rate allocation strategies. We then propose a low-complexity on/off power allocation strategy that achieves near-optimal performance with only the main channel CSI. More specifically, this scheme is shown to be asymptotically optimal as the average signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) goes to infinity, and interestingly, is shown to attain the secrecy capacity under the full CSI assumption. Overall, channel fading has a positive impact on the secrecy capacity and rate adaptation, based on the main channel CSI, is critical in facilitating secure communications over slow fading channels.      

IRS辅助的共生无线电系统鲁棒优化算法设计

共生无线电技术可用于提高频谱效率与能量效率,但其中物联网接收机的接收信号强度较弱,在共生无线电系统中部署智能反射表面是针对该问题的一种有效解决方案。首先,在完美信道状态信息可知时,考虑基站信息速率要求、反射单元相移的约束、反向散射设备的解码顺序与反射系数的约束,联合优化无源波束赋形与反向散射设备的反射系数来最大化所有反向散射设备中最小的吞吐量。然后,考虑到系统中的实时完美信道状态信息很难获得的问题,提出了针对不完美信道状态信息的鲁棒优化算法。仿真结果验证了智能反射表面可使共生无线电系统性能大幅提升,相较于保守方法,所提的鲁棒优化算法可降低不完美信道状态信息造成的性能下降。     

Joint Beamforming and Power Allocation for Cognitive MIMO Systems Under Imperfect CSI Based on Game Theory

The problem of joint beamforming and power allocation for cognitive multi-input multi-output systems is studied via game theory. The objective is to maximize the sum utility of secondary users (SUs) subject to the primary user (PU) interference constraint, the transmission power constraint of SUs, and the signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) constraint of each SU. In our earlier work, the problem was formulated as a non-cooperative game under the assumption of perfect channel state information (CSI). Nash equilibrium (NE) is considered as the solution of this game. A distributed algorithm is proposed which can converge to the NE. Due to the limited cooperation between the secondary base station (SBS) and the PU, imperfect CSI between the SBS and the PU is further considered in this work. The problem is formulated as a robust game. As it is difficult to solve the optimization problem in this case, existence of the NE cannot be analyzed. Therefore, convergence property of the sum utility of SUs will be illustrated numerically. Simulation results show that under perfect CSI the proposed algorithm can converge to a locally optimal pair of transmission power vector and beamforming vector, while under imperfect CSI the sum utility of SUs converges with the increase of the transmission power constraint of SUs.     

Game-Theoretic Joint Power Allocation and Beamforming for Cognitive MIMO Systems with Finite Feedback

In the paper, we consider the imperfect channel state information (CSI) in practical cognitive MIMO systems. We first analyze the feedback of quantified CSI from the primary user (PU) and propose a joint power allocation and beamforming algorithm via game theory. Compared with the game under the condition of perfect CSI, new utility function and cost function are constructed under imperfect CSI. We analyze the error introduced from the uniformly quantified CSI and obtain new constraints. Besides, existence of the Nash equilibrium in case of both perfect CSI and imperfect CSI are proven. We propose a new iterative algorithm to reach the Nash equilibrium (NE). Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm can converge quickly.     

Practical robust uniform channel decomposition scheme for CSI mismatch in limited feedback MIMO systems

Uniform channel decomposition (UCD) has been proven to be optimal in bit error rate (BER) performance and strictly capacity lossless when perfect channel state information (CSI) is assumed to be available at both the transmitter and receiver side. In practice, CSI can be obtained by channel estimation at receiver and conveyed to transmitter via a limited-rate feedback channel. In such case, the implementation of traditional UCD by treating the imperfect CSI as perfect CSI cause significant performance degradation due to inevitable channel estimation error and vector quantization error. To overcome this problem, a practical robust UCD scheme was proposed in this paper, which includes two steps, firstly, a matching architecture was proposed to eliminate the mismatch between CSI at receiver (CSIR) and CSI at transmitter (CSIT), secondly, an MMSE based robust UCD scheme considering channel estimation error and vector quantization error as an integral part of the design was derived. Simulation results show that the proposed practical robust UCD scheme is capable of improving the BER performance greatly in the context of channel estimation error and vector quantization error compared with the traditional UCD scheme.     

有限字符输入下AF中继系统安全互信息量分析及功率控制策略

本文针对有限字符输入下多中继通信系统,推导了源和中继节点总功率受限条件下的安全互信息量。在已知理想信道状态信息的条件下,给出了一种基于对窃听节点迫零的波束赋形方案,并设计了一种提高安全互信息量的功率控制策略。针对所提功率控制策略,研究了该策略下目的节点和窃听节点的平均误符号率性能,分析表明该策略在高信噪比下存在误码平层。针对误码平层缺陷,本文提出了一种高信噪比下适当增大源节点发射功率的改进方案。改进方案虽然损失了部分安全互信息量,但换来误符号率的明显改善,消除了功率控制方案的误码平层问题。      

Optimal Power Allocation in an Amplify-and-Forward Untrusted Relay Network with Imperfect Channel State Information

The characteristics of the wireless medium create difficulty to shield the data transmission from unauthorized recipients. In this paper, power optimization in an amplify-and-forward untrusted relay network is presented, using cooperative jamming transmission to prevent the untrusted relay from intercepting the confidential signals. Considering imperfect channel estimation error at the destination, an optimal power allocation (OPA) is designed to maximize the achievable secrecy rate for the network. Simplified OPA is derived for high signal-to-noise ratio regime with imperfect CSI and the ergodic secrecy rate is also analyzed to evaluate the achievable average secrecy rate for different scenarios as a common performance metric. The numerical results show that when the error of CSI is considered, the proposed OPA generates limited and acceptable degradation on the secrecy rate.     

Statistically robust design of linear filter for non-regenerative MIMO relay systems

This paper addresses the robust linear filter design issues for non-regenerative multiple input multiple output (MIMO) relay systems with imperfect channel state information (CSI) in both or partial hops. By considering statistical Kronecker channel model involving channel mean and antenna correlation, the robust linear processing schemes in imperfect CSI scenario for both hops are first derived based on mean squared error (MSE) criterion. In addition to this, the result is also extended to two practical scenarios, i.e. imperfect CSI for relay link with perfect CSI for access link and imperfect CSI for access link with perfect CSI for relay link. Simulation results show that the proposed scheme is capable of mitigating the performance degradation caused by the imperfect CSI.