基于面阵式探测器连续太赫兹波三维层析成像

太赫兹波层析成像技术是利用太赫兹波的穿透性对样品进行旋转投影数据采集,通过层析重建算法获得样品的二维横截面图,并实现样品的三维内部结构图的重构。本文介绍了基于面阵式探测器连续太赫兹波层析成像系统。该成像系统的优势在于利用了面阵式探测器记录二维投影数据,相比扫描层析成像系统,提高了投影采集速率。为了获得高精确度的二维投影数据,利用角谱衍射传播算法将二维投影图传播至样品后表面,实现抑制太赫兹波在物体外部衍射效应,最终利用滤波反投影算法重建出高保真的样品三维内部结构图,并进一步探索了基于面阵式探测器的连续太赫兹波层析成像技术在无损检测和安全检测上的可行性。     

太赫兹计算机辅助层析成像发展近况

由于太赫兹波可穿透塑料、纸张、衣服等非金属、非极性物质,较X辐射具有较低的光子能量,且计算机辅助层析成像(CT)可获得物体内部结构信息,并可重构出物体的三维图像,因此太赫兹CT受到国际广泛关注。重点介绍了近年来太赫兹CT研究重点及具体状况,并分析了存在的问题和发展趋势。可为我国太赫兹CT技术的发展提供技术借鉴。     

连续波THz-CT在医学成像中的应用研究

太赫兹已经被用于对三维物体进行计算机辅助层析成像,但具有很高的折射损耗。设计了基于耿氏二极管和返波振荡器的连续波断层成像实验装置,对聚四氟乙烯模型进行扫描获得投影数据,然后利用滤波反投影算法对投影数据进行重建得到断面图像,用于研究折射对投影及图像的影响。最后对人体牙齿样本进行扫描和重建,探讨THz-CT在医学成像特别是牙齿等骨骼成像中应用的可行性和前景。     

连续波THz-CT 的折射问题研究

设计了基于返波振荡器的连续波太赫兹CT 成像实验装置,实现了用连续太赫兹波对三维物体的CT 断层成像.虽然可以得到较好的重建图像,但由于折射率大于1.5 的材料对太赫兹射线折射较强而影响成像质量.首先通过对聚四氟乙烯模型进行扫描获得投影数据,并利用滤波反投影算法对投影数据进行重建得到断层图像,然后分析了高折射对投影探测及图像重建的影响.最后对人体牙齿样本进行投影扫描和断层重建,获得的断面图像可以反映牙齿内部结构,但由于牙齿高折射率的影响,成像精度和分辨率有待进一步提高.而且牙釉质的厚度会严重影响太赫兹波在牙齿中的透射深度.研究结果可以为提高连续波太赫兹CT 成像质量提供参考,促进其在医学成像特别是牙齿等骨骼成像中的应用.     

基于太赫兹相干层析成像系统色散补偿的研究

为了提高太赫兹相干层析成像系统的纵向分辨率,采用色散补偿方法解决了宽带光源做成像光源带来的色散问题。基于评价函数的迭代补偿算法对降噪滤波后的原始信号进行色散补偿,得到了较为清晰的3维重构图像。结果表明,在迭代补偿算法的计算中,无需预知样品的厚度信息以及色散特性,即可获得高精度的3维重构图像,纵向分辨率高达100μm。该研究在高精度的材料无损探测领域具有较大的研究价值和广泛的应用前景。     

基于ISAR技术的太赫兹目标RCS测量

对目标RCS的研究主要包括电磁计算与基于成像的测量方法.由于受到计算机内存与运行时间的限制,电磁计算方法难以在太赫兹波段得到广泛应用.在基于图像的测量中常使用逆合成孔径雷达成像技术.后向散射算法(BP)常用于目标的反射图的重建.由于BP算法不能在图像中反映太赫兹波段目标显著的角闪烁现象,因此,使用子孔径成像技术对太赫兹目标RCS进行测量,并进行了仿真验证所提出算法的有效性.     

采用格林函数分解的太赫兹逆合成孔径雷达近场成像算法

针对太赫兹逆合成孔径雷达(ISAR)近场成像的问题,本文提出了采用格林函数分解的ISAR成像算法。文中结合太赫兹雷达超外差接收模式,构建和分析了近场条件下的目标回波模型。通过对回波模型中格林函数的分解,将表征球面波前的格林函数分解为二维平面波的叠加;并在频域完成对回波信号的滤波补偿和二维逆变换后,获得了太赫兹ISAR近场目标的图像。文中通过与二维FFT算法和本文算法进行的数值仿真结果对比,验证了该算法的可行性。最后利用太赫兹雷达转台实测数据对本文算法进行了验证和对比分析,结果表明该算法具有良好的成像性能。      

基于ISAR技术的太赫兹目标RCS测量（英文）

对目标RCS的研究主要包括电磁计算与基于成像的测量方法.由于受到计算机内存与运行时间的限制,电磁计算方法难以在太赫兹波段得到广泛应用.在基于图像的测量中常使用逆合成孔径雷达成像技术.后向散射算法(BP)常用于目标的反射图的重建.由于BP算法不能在图像中反映太赫兹波段目标显著的角闪烁现象,因此,使用子孔径成像技术对太赫兹目标RCS进行测量,并进行了仿真验证所提出算法的有效性.     

太赫兹光场成像的实验与处理研究

太赫兹波的频率介于红外线与微波之间,其独特优势使得太赫兹三维成像已成为国内外的研究热点。为了将光场成像技术拓展到太赫兹波段,介绍了太赫兹光场成像的实验与处理方法。采用太赫兹相机阵列采集到了一系列特定视角的太赫兹光场数据。针对由成像系统的器件限制导致图像存在较强噪点等问题,通过离散余弦变换（Discrete Cosine Transform, DCT）滤波达到了较好的去噪效果并有效保留了图像的细节信息。利用峰值信噪比（Peak Signal-to-NoiseRatio, PSNR）和结构相似性（Structural SIMilarity, SSIM）图像质量评价指标对比了多种滤波去噪方法,证明了DCT滤波方法对于太赫兹图像预处理的可行性。通过选取不同深度值得到了不同景深处的图像重构结果,初步实现了太赫兹光场成像的数字重聚焦。     

圆周阵列太赫兹干涉成像中目标场景仿真

太赫兹干涉成像是一种基于频谱域的成像方法,通过对目标场景的频谱域信息采样重构目标图像,避免了逐像素扫描,所需的探测阵元数目少,在图像获取速率和成像分辨率上具有发展潜力。研究了太赫兹干涉成像原理及其实现方法,分析了成像分辨率和有效视场问题。通过仿真实验分析了目标场景中存在噪声对成像质量的影响,表明干涉成像对目标噪声较为敏感。对安检应用场景的反射成像模式进行了分析,证明了原理系统的适用性。仿真结果所得结论可为太赫兹干涉成像系统设计和实际应用提供理论依据和技术支持。     

Terahertz Computed Tomography Using A Continuous-Wave Gas Laser

A 3D continuous-wave (CW) terahertz computed tomography (CT) system employing a gas laser operating at 2.52 THz is presented. To shorten acquisition time on the premise of guaranteeing the image quality, the modified simultaneous algebraic reconstruction technique (MSART) coupled with image processing operations like the Gaussian low-pass filter (GLPF), open operation and close operation has been adopted in the paper. With the 2D results the 3D images of the samples have been also obtained. The reconstruction results illustrate the promising application prospects of this CW THz CT system.     

Dictionary Learning-Based Image Reconstruction for Terahertz Computed Tomography

Terahertz computed tomography (THz CT) demonstrates its advantages in aspects of nonmetallic and nonpolar materials penetration, 3D internal structure visualization, etc. To perform satisfied reconstruction results, it is necessary to obtain complete measurements from many different views. However, this process is time-consuming and we usually obtain incomplete projections for THz CT in practice, which generates artifacts in the final reconstructed images. To address this issue, dictionary learning-based THz CT reconstruction (DLTR) model is proposed in this study. Especially, the image patches are extracted from other state-of-the-art reconstructed images to train the initial dictionary by using the K-SVD algorithm. Then, the dictionary can be adaptively updated during THz CT reconstruction. Finally, the updated dictionary is used for further updating reconstructed images. In order to verify the accuracy and quality of DLTR method, the filtered back-projection (FBP), simultaneous algebraic reconstruction technique (SART), and total variation (TV) reconstruction are chosen as comparisons. The experiment results show that the DLTR method has a good capability for noise suppression and structures preservation.

     

改进的联合代数重建法及其有限角投影重建

提出了一种基于联合代数重建法的改进算法（MSART）。该算法将穿过像素的射线长度和灰度值综合考虑进误差分配公式，有效地抑制了联合迭代重建法（SART）的边缘效应，使得重建精度大大提高。即使在少数投影有限角图像重建中，通过选择合适的投影方法，也能达到最大误差不大于5％，平均误差不大于1％的重建效果。     

有限角CT少数投影重建图像技术

叙述了有限角CT少数投影重建图像技术研究所取得的进展：正交全息光路、干涉条纹处理系统、修改的联合代数重建技术、频谱分析图像重建技术和神经网络重建技术。     

基于总变分正则化算法的散射计图像重构

目前业务化运行的星载散射计分辨率一般为25 km,在分辨率需求较高的应用中(如极地海冰监测、热带雨林监测、近岸风场研究等)受到了限制。散射计图像重构技术可以在不改变系统硬件的前提下,通过数据处理方法的改进,提高分辨率。现有的散射计图像重构方法(SIR)是基于图像处理领域中较早期的乘性代数重建技术(MART)。该文针对星载扇形旋转扫描散射计,将一种新的图像重构方法总变分正则化 (total variation regularization) 算法应用于散射计图像重构,并通过仿真实验说明,新算法可以在增强分辨率的同时减少噪声,提高重构图像的质量。     

基于梯度变换的太赫兹图像超分辨率重建

为了提高太赫兹图像的质量，克服边缘模糊的缺陷，采用有理分形插值和基于梯度变换的图像超分辨率重建算法相结合的方法对0.25THz，0.50THz和0.75THz图像进行超分辨率重建实验，并对实验结果进行了定量分析，利用基于空间信息熵的直方图匹配技术和双边滤波器对重建算法进行了优化，增强了该方法的适用性。结果表明，对经过插值的太赫兹图像采用基于梯度变换的超分辨率重建方法处理之后，0.25THz，0.50THz和0.75THz图像的边缘强度分别提高了169%，116%和104%，平均梯度分别提高了16%，28%和24%；同时，成像信号频率和强度也会对重建性能产生影响。该方法可以有效恢复太赫兹图像当中的细节信息，锐化图像边缘，提高图像质量且不会出现振铃现象，具有较好的实用价值。     

Edge extraction and reconstruction of terahertz image using simulation evolutionary with the symmetric fourth order partial differential equation

Terahertz(THz) pulse imaging can be used for biomedicine, material, and food security. However, image quality is lower attributed to the THz time-domain spectroscopy system. Such as, noises and lower space resolution are presented in some THz images. To improve the THz image quality, we proposed a novel method which combining the simulation evolutionary with the symmetric fourth order partial differential equation. The image edge is first detected by using the simulation evolutionary. Then the symmetric fourth order partial differential equation(PDE) is applied on the non-edge image for noise reduction. Finally, the de-noise image is combined with the edge image obtained from the edge detection step. Experiments on four different THz images prove that the proposed method can preserve the edge information during noise reduction.     

Incorporation of correlated structural images in PET image reconstruction

Reports on a new method in which spatially correlated magnetic resonance (MR) or X-ray computed tomography (CT) images are employed as a source of prior information in the Bayesian reconstruction of positron emission tomography (PET) images. This new method incorporates the correlated structural images as anatomic templates which can be used for extracting information about boundaries that separate regions exhibiting different tissue characteristics. In order to avoid the possible introduction of artifacts caused by discrepancies between functional and anatomic boundaries, the authors propose a new method called the "weighted line site" method, in which a prior structural image is employed in a modified updating scheme for the boundary variable used in the iterative Bayesian reconstruction. This modified scheme is based on the joint probability of structural and functional boundaries. As to the structural information provided by CT or MR images, only those which have high joint probability with the corresponding PET data are used; whereas other boundary information that is not supported by the PET image is suppressed. The new method has been validated by computer simulation and phantom studies. The results of these validation studies indicate that this new method offers significant improvements in image quality when compared to other reconstruction algorithms, including the filtered backprojection method and the maximum likelihood approach, as well as the Bayesian method without the use of the prior boundary information.     

Identifying tampering operations in image operator chains based on decision fusion

There has been great interest in image forensics in recent years. However, most of the existing research focuses on detecting a certain tampering operation, which means that the introduced features usually depend on the investigated operation and only binary classification is considered. Given the case where the image tampering process involves diverse processing operations, we propose a decision fusion method for identifying tampering operations in operator chains in this work. The proposed method permits the integration of knowledge provided by available image forensic algorithms. Under this method, a similarity coefficient function is introduced to assign the weight of the output of each forensic classifier. Then, we utilize a combination rule based on local conflict management to merge these outputs. Comparison with the previous works shows an improvement in operations identification accuracy when an image has experienced multiple falsifications.     

基于锥形束CT下颌骨外轮廓提取的研究

目的：在法医学鉴定中,采用单一的自适应阈值分割方法对锥形束CT下颌骨图像进行轮廓的提取,常产生区域断裂现象。因此需要对单一的分割方法进行改进,从而提高下颌骨外轮廓提取的精度。方法：腐蚀-重构和膨胀-重构等数学形态学的方法与阈值分割方法的组合使用可以明显克服上述缺陷。结果：通过单一的分割方法与组合改进方法分别对300幅锥形束CT下颌骨图像进行阈值分割并对比分割效果,直接采用自适应闽值分割方法有228幅图像获取下颌骨外轮廓失败,而改进的方法仅有53幅图像无法扶得下颌骨外轮廓。结论：改进方法能够明湿抑制锥形束CT下颌骨图像在分割过程中出现的局部区域断裂观象。