基于DMF直扩系统捕获性能的研究

对以数字匹配滤波器（DMF）为核心的捕获电路的性能进行了深入研究，推导出单次、两次驻留判决方式的平均捕获时间的表达式，并进行了数值分析。得出的结论是：基于DMF的捕获电路具有很快的捕获速度，适合于猝发通信；低信噪比下，捕获速度对门限更多敏感，且两次驻留判决在低信噪比下略好于单次驻留判决。     

Galileo接收机双驻留捕获策略性能分析与研究

伽利略系统采用了长扩频码序列以提高扩频码的互相关性能,但同时大大增加了搜索区间,采用单驻留搜索策略的系统平均捕获时间将因此增加数倍.使用双驻留机制对系统性能进行优化,在系统虚警概率和发现概率保持不变的前提下,将典型信噪比下的平均捕获时间减小20%～90%.系统仿真证明了算法的有效性.     

高动态环境下长码扩频信号快捕算法

针对高速高动态接收机在长伪码周期、大频偏情况下的快速捕获问题,该文提出一种基于码相位压缩相关器与快速傅里叶变换(CCPC-FFT)的双驻留伪码快速捕获方法。在第一驻留阶段,利用码相位压缩相关器对相邻码相位进行快速、粗略的压缩搜索,同时利用FFT算法完成对多普勒频偏的并行捕获;在第二驻留阶段,利用传统的相关积分方法对第一驻留捕获的所有码相位进行逐个精确搜索。给出了系统性能的理论分析模型,并通过蒙特卡洛仿真验证了理论分析的正确性。最后仿真结果表明:新方法在平均捕获时间上比2维压缩相关(TDCC)捕获方法进一步缩短,同时提高了频偏的捕获带宽和精度,且针对长码的捕获比其他基于FFT的方法节省资源。     

PN码步进搜索捕获的双门限判决

本文讨论了PN码步进搜索捕获的双门限判决。它把同步检测输出分作三种情形:没有达到同步,步进搜索到下一个状态;已经实现了同步,进行锁定跟踪;对是否实现同步不能作出判决,对该状态再作一次同步检测。在比较PN码捕获的各种方法时,应以最短平均捕获时间为准则,以平均假锁滞留时间为约束条件或以锁定后的平均寿命为约束条件,此外还应考虑不同同步检测器的影响。本文所作的数值分析表明:在固定检测时间的各种PN码步进搜索捕获方式中,以双门限判决方式最好,能使最短平均捕获时间缩短20-50％。本文也给出双门限判决方法与可变检测时间多次驻留检测PN码步进搜索捕获的性能比较。     

基于分段相关－视频积累方法的多驻留伪码捕获系统优化设计

针对载波多普勒下的伪码捕获问题,分析了基于分段相关-视频积累方法的多驻留伪码捕获系统的最优性能。推导了正交双通道检测器的检测概率和虚警概率表达式,给出了多驻留系统的捕获时间均值表达式;通过采用遗传算法对系统进行优化设计,增大了系统的多普勒容限,降低了捕获时间;分析了驻留级数、多普勒和载噪比等对捕获系统性能的影响。研究成果可用于指导扩频系统接收机伪码捕获模块的设计。     

非频率选择性衰落信道下捕获性能的分析

对基于数字匹配滤波器(DMF)捕获系统在非频率选择性衰落信道下的捕获性能进行了深入讨论,利用状态转移图推导出单次驻留判决方式时平均捕获时间的表达式。对平坦慢衰落信道和快衰落信道下的平均捕获时间进行了数字分析,得出的主要结论是：无论信道是否存在衰落,基于DMF的捕获系统都具有很快的捕获速度;基于DMF的捕获系统在衰落信道下的捕获性能明显要比非衰落信道差;衰落速度越快,平均捕获时间就越长,系统的捕获性能就越差。因此当信道存在非频率选择性衰落时,可以在接收端采用分集接收(比如空间分集)来改善系统的捕获性能。     

一种快速的DS/FH混合扩频信号捕获方案及其性能分析

为了提高DS/FH混合扩频信号的捕获速度,提出了一种将DS/FH信号中三维搜索转化为二维搜索的快速捕获方案。通过对搜索过程的详细分析,推导出在单、双驻留条件下的平均捕获时间数学表达式以及高斯信道下系统的检测性能计算公式。理论推导与仿真结果表明:相对于传统的捕获方式,该方案有效地缩短了系统的平均捕获时间,具有更强的抗噪性能,适用于存在较强噪声的复杂通信环境。     

PN码最优捕获门限设置方法

基于二级驻留搜索策略提出了一种最优PN码捕获门限的设计方法,并分析了其主要性能。根据Gini指标进行门限值的设置。此门限设置采用最小决策树的思想,对数据进行分类学习,在获得最小Gini指标时的划分点即是最优捕获门限。此方法的最大优势是在较短的驻留时间内提高捕获概率。理论分析和仿真结果表明:此方法在获得最优捕获门限的同时,可获得最小捕获时间。     

基于DMF捕获系统频率选择性信道下捕获性能的分析

对基于数字匹配滤波器(DMF)捕获系统在频率选择性信道下的捕获性能进行了深入讨论，利用状态转移图推导出单次驻留判决方式时平均捕获时间的表达式，对平均捕获时间与多径分量的关系进行了数字分析。得出的主要结论是：对于多径分量为非衰落信号时，多径分量之间的能量差别越大，系统捕获性能越好，多径分量的能量相等时，系统捕获性能最差，且随着可以分离的多径路数的增加下降；对于多径分量为慢衰落信号时，多径信道的捕获性能好于单径信道(非频率选择性衰落信道)，且多径分量之间的能量差别越大，系统捕获性能越差，当多径分量的能量相等时，捕获性能最好，这与非衰落信道的情形相反。因此在频率选择性衰落信道中，采用分集接收可以改善系统的捕获性能。     

一种简化的扩频码多重驻留串行捕获模型

本文提出了一种简化的多重驻留串行捕获模型,并且把它的统计特性和标准多重阻留捕获模型的虚警概率及检测概率特性做了分析比较,指出可以用简化模型更多的驻留重数去达到较低驻留重数标准模型的性能,而此时简化模型的系统复杂度却较低。     

Multiple Dwell Serial Search: Performance and Application to Direct Sequence Code Acquisition

The technique of multiple dwell serial search is described and analyzed. The advantage of the multiple dwell procedure is that the examination interval need not be fixed, allowing incorrect cells to be quickly discarded, which in turn results in a shorter search time than is possible with a fixed dwell time procedure. This type of search scheme is particularly useful for direct sequence code acquisition in a spread-spectrum communication system. An expression for the generating function is obtained from a flow graph representation of the multiple dwell technique. The generating function is used to develop expressions for the mean and variance of the search time in terms of the following parameters: the dwell times, the detection probability, the false alarm probability, and the false alarm penalty time. Coherent detector characteristics are then used to investigate the performance of the multiple dwell technique for direct sequence code acquisition. It is shown that the multiple dwell procedure can significantly reduce the expected acquisition time from that obtained with a single dwell system. The most significant improvement is obtained by using a two-dwell system. Additional but nominal improvement is gained when more than two dwells are employed.     

Effects of multiple threshold values in double dwell DS-SS codeacquisition systems

We describe a decision method using multiple threshold values for direct-sequence spread-spectrum (DS-SS) code acquisition systems. We apply this technique to a conventional double dwell serial search algorithm and analyze it in terms of mean code acquisition time. Numerical results show that our proposed scheme outperforms the conventional one by 0.2-0.5 sec with respect to the mean code acquisition time because multiple threshold values mitigate the possible decline in search performance caused by the use of a single threshold     

Robust noncoherent PN-code acquisition for CDMA communicationsystems

We are proposing a new noncoherent pseudonoise code acquisition method for code-division multiple-access (CDMA) mobile communication systems. The proposed method employs two digital matched filters, and the code acquisition is based on a double dwell process. Through serial cascading of the dual-matched filters, the proposed code acquisition method does not lose the track of the incoming sequence even after returning from the false alarm state. This unique feature imparts on our design much desired stability. Moreover, the use of two matched filters increases the acquisition speed, which is of prime importance. One important issue in CDMA acquisition is how to determine the threshold values for optimal performance, the measure of optimality being the minimum mean acquisition time. In our performance analysis, we have derived the probability of detection and false alarm as a function of threshold values, then determine the threshold values that achieve the minimum mean acquisition time. Our performance analysis shows that the mean acquisition time is 35 ms at -15 dB input chip signal-to-noise ratio, much faster than the conventional active correlation technique     

Performance Analysis for the Expanding Search PN Acquisition Algorithm

An approach is presented for approximating the cumulative probability distribution of the acquisition time of the serial PN search algorithm. The results are applicable to variable as well as fixed dwell time systems. The theory is developed for the case where some a priori information on the PN code epoch is available (reacquisition problem or acquisition of very long codes). The special case of a search over the whole code is also treated. The accuracy of the approximation is demonstrated by comparing with published exact results for the fixed dwell time algorithm.     

Detection technique for a serial DS-SS code synchronisation in afading mobile channel

A performance analysis of the threshold decision technique for direct-sequence spread-spectrum (DS-SS) code synchronisation is presented. The proposed serial acquisition system is compared to the conventional serial acquisition system, and a significant improvement in performance is shown in terms of the mean acquisition time     

Acquisition Time Performance of PN Spread-Spectrum Systems

This paper develops the mean and variance of the time to acquire for single dwell time PN-type spread-spectrum systems. A model is specified, and then exact results are obtained by use of the generating function for the acquisition process. The paper is somewhat tutorial in that the analysis technique is developed in a logical step-to-step manner for the Markov chain model and can be readily used on other models. The effects of Doppler and other imperfections of the original model are discussed. Finally the results of the double dwell time system are presented and the appropriate modifications for Doppler effect are given.     

Detection and false alarm probability of PN code acquisition inDS-CDMA system

The authors present the performance of double dwell acquisition using a continuous integration detector. One performance measure in an acquisition system is the mean acquisition time, which depends on detection and false alarm probability. The detection and false alarm probability of double dwell acquisition using continuous integration detector is derived     

Rapid Acquisition for Direct Sequence Spread-Spectrum Communications Using Parallel SAW Convolvers

In this paper, a technique is described which uses multiple surface acoustic wave (SAW) devices in parallel to reduce the acquisition time of a direct sequence spread-spectrum communication system. Analysis of system performance in both the search and lock modes is presented, and key quantities such as probability of false alarm, probability of correct detection, mean dwell time, and mean time to lose lock are derived.     

A dual-threshold up-down counter for GPS acquisition

In this work, the up-down counter detector for the acquisition of GPS signals is modified to use dual-thresholds for each trial. Closed form expressions for the mean and variance of the dwell time and the probabilities of detection and false alarm are derived. The new detector has a significantly smaller mean dwell time than the conventional single-threshold up-down counter and a lower dwell time variance when signals are weak. Further, the new detector has a low computational load, when compared to the optimal sequential probability ratio test (SPRT), whose main disadvantage is its computational complexity.