碳纤维基体涂层质量的红外热波检测研究

碳纤维材料上涂层的应用使得常规无损检测技术难以实现涂层的厚度测量和缺陷检测.提出红外热波无损检测技术对涂层厚度及内部缺陷进行检测.红外热波无损检测技术主动对被检测样件进行热激励,热波在均匀试样中传播,遇到界面后热传导发生变化,通过红外热像仪连续监测的降温曲线的变化找到热传导时间来测量涂层厚度.涂层下的缺陷热属性差异对表面温场产生热图异常,从而进行内部缺陷检测.实验结果表明,对涂层厚度在0.35～2 mm的碳纤维基底涂层样件可用红外热波无损技术进行涂层厚度和缺陷检测,涂层厚度检测精度为0.1 mm.红外热波检测技术可以实现涂层厚度测量和涂层下缺陷的检测.     

复杂衬底下的涂层厚度定量检测方法研究

纸币是国家发行并强制使用的货币符号,2019年中国人民银行发行的2019年版第五套人民币纸币,两面采用了抗脏污保护涂层,使纸币的整洁度明显改善。作为“国家名片”,在纸币生产过程中,对每一道工艺都有严格的质量控制,涂层是通过涂布机将涂布液转移、固化至纸币两面,由此称为涂布工艺。为了更加合理地控制涂布质量,生产中需要检测纸币涂层的厚度。针对该需求,文中建立了纸币图纹作为复杂衬底的涂层厚度光学漫反射模型,采用傅里叶近红外光谱仪和激光共聚焦显微系统对已涂布和未涂布的纸币进行识别并定量检测。文中首先根据涂层物质在近红外光谱可被有效识别的特点,对涂层的近红外吸收光谱数据提出了基于多元散射校正（MSC）与二阶导组合的分析方法,确定4 346.764 cm?1为特征波数。再根据反射率、粗糙度对涂层厚度的模型解耦,最后通过激光共聚焦显微系统检测了已涂布纸币的涂层变化,并将其与模型的厚度解耦结果关联,得出测量涂层厚度最小为3.807 μm,最大为12.738 μm。最终结果表明该检测方法对纸币生产中涂层质量控制具有重要的实践指导意义。     

反射式光纤传感器在涂层均匀度检测中的应用

文章用几何光学原理分析了反射光强与表面涂层厚度及均匀度的关系,提出一种用于检测物体表面涂层均匀度的方法.该传感器能针对物体表面涂层的随机性实现不同区域涂层均匀度的在线测试.在理论分析的基础上,构建了实验测试系统.数据表明,采用该传感器进行测试能反映表面涂层均匀度的变化,测试精度可达10μm,具有良好的应用前景.     

基于小波分解的热波相位特征提取及喷涂层厚度评价

针对热障涂层制备过程中的厚度评估问题，通过数值模拟手段研究了光脉冲激励下制备在镍基高温合金上不同厚度的NiCrAlY涂层表面热波瞬态响应规律；在此基础上分析了表面热波相位特征随涂层厚度的变化规律，结果表明特定频率范围的热波相位特征与涂层厚度具有近似线性对应关系，但不同涂层厚度之间的相位差绝对值较小，不利于厚度定量评价；为提高不同厚度涂层之间的热波相位差，提出采用小波分解第二层细节系数对涂层表面热波进行重构，重构热波相位差比原始热波提高了约500倍，有利于提高涂层厚度评价的准确率；最后采用试验手段验证了模拟结果的准确性。     

光热辐射技术测量钴涂层热学参数及厚度

为获得涂层材料特性,使用光热辐射(PTR)技术进行无损检测,并提出一种基于一维 三层PTR 理论模型的标定方法,完成了对Al基体钴涂层热学参数、厚度及分布的检测。三层PTR 理论模型,由涂层、 空气缺陷层和基体组成。搭建了实验平台,对两种不同厚度的钴(Co)涂层Al基体样品、无涂 层Al基体参考样品 进行了多点PTR测量。利用参考样品对带涂层样品PTR相位信号进行规格化,以消除检 测系统的影响。 通过多参数优化算法,对规格化后相位信号进行拟合,完成三层理论模型公式热参数的标定 ,求出了涂层 材料的热传导率和热扩散系数,进而计算得到各检测点涂层厚度及分布。实 验结果验证了理论 模型的正确性,以及材料作为基体和涂层时其热学性能的值会发生改变。     

脉冲红外热波用于半透明涂层厚度测量

为了快速、准确地测量半透明涂层的厚度,提出了一种基于脉冲红外热波的测量方法。建立了半透明涂层半无限大脉冲热传导简化理论模型和半透明涂层的脉冲红外加热双层物理模型,理论分析和数值计算结果表明:半透明涂层的厚度与表面温度的峰值时刻在对数坐标上呈现线性关系,利用这种线性关系可以直接测量半透明涂层的厚度,而不再需要在样品表面喷涂黑漆以避免半透明性的影响。实验上建立脉冲红外热波系统并制作了厚度连续变化的半透明涂层试件,得到的厚度误差小于5%。结果显示该技术具有快速和非接触式测量半透明涂层厚度的潜力。     

等离子喷涂ZrO28Y2O3涂层厚度测量方法研究

提出了利用激光非接触点扫描测量涂层厚度的方法.研究了激光照射新型材料ZrO28Y2O3涂层粗糙表面上光点的高斯分布,并利用扫描电子显微镜得到了涂层粗糙表面的显微精细结构.采用激光-面阵CCD传感器-计算机数字图像处理技术测量涂层厚度.实验结果表明:所提出的测量方法是可行的,测量涂层厚度的重复性误差在±5 μm范围内.     

热障涂层厚度激光透射法红外热波检测技术研究

在传热学的基础上建立涂层试样的一维热传导模型,确立了涂层厚度与表面温度差值-帧数直线的斜率、截距以及涂层热扩散率之间的定量关系。以不同厚度的热障涂层试样为例,采用新型脉冲激光透射法激励,对热像仪采集到的不同激励功率下涂层表面温度差值-帧数曲线线性拟合,求得拟合直线的斜率和截距值,最后计算得到热障涂层厚度值,结果表明:激光透射法红外热波检测技术能很好地应用于热障涂层厚度的快速、精确、非接触检测。     

基于温度和发射率场的涂层损伤检测方法

在现代化国防和航空航天领域,目标表面涂覆具有热防护、电磁屏蔽、降低红外辐射等性能的材料,可有效保护目标,但其处于目标的表面,长期受到周围环境影响,易出现气泡、划痕、脱落等不同类型的损伤,造成涂层性能大幅度降低,无法有效保护目标。因此,需要定期对目标涂层进行检测和维护。通过研究涂层损伤与温度和发射率之间的关系,结合热辐射定律、比色测温技术、发射率测量方法,搭建一套红外热像仪的检测装置,提出一种基于涂层温度和发射率场的涂层损伤检测方法。将研制的检测装置应用于以铝为基底的氧化铝涂层,通过分析氧化铝的温度和发射率准确识别涂层内部和外部损伤,验证了基于温度和发射率场的涂层损伤检测方法的理论模型,以及检测装置的可行性与适用性。     

光热辐射技术对金属表面涂层的非接触测量

基于光热辐射技术中的二层样品的理论,对金属表面涂层的质量和厚度进行了非接触测量,为工业生产中材料涂层的无损检测提供了一种新的方法。     

XRF在外壳镀层厚度测试中的正确应用

介绍了在外壳检验中,应用X射线荧光光谱法(XRF),对外壳的镀涂层厚度进行测试;探讨了金属外壳镀镍涂层厚度的测试方法;论述了应用X射线荧光光谱法正确测量外壳镀层的方法。     

石英晶体监控膜厚仪的发展与应用

石英晶体振荡监控光学薄膜厚度是直接监控光学薄膜物理厚度的方法，与工作波段无关，设置简单，各种厚度皆可控制．易于实现自动控制，将会越来越广泛地应用在光学薄膜厚度监控中。本文首先介绍了石英晶体监控膜厚仪监控光学薄膜厚度的原理，然后讨论了石英晶体监控仪的发展和晶振片的稳定性。     

异种金属氧化物辅助激光刻蚀蓝宝石的研究

为了提高蓝宝石对普通红外激光的吸收效率, 采用金属氧化物涂层辅助1064nm红外光纤激光器刻蚀蓝宝石。通过单因素研究方法, 研究了不同金属氧化物涂层的刻槽阈值以及激光能量和金属氧化物涂层对刻蚀率的影响, 对6种金属氧化物涂层辅助激光刻蚀的差异以及刻蚀机理进行了理论分析和实验验证。结果表明, TiO₂涂层的刻槽阈值最低约为8.5J/cm2、激光能量为77.7J/cm2时, TiO₂涂层的刻蚀率最高约为107.3×104μm3/s; 刻蚀率随着激光能量的增大先增大后趋于平缓且有所降低; 刻槽阈值和刻蚀率主要与涂层吸收激光能力、热导率以及熔沸点有关, 其中受涂层吸收激光能力和熔沸点的影响较大。此研究结果对激光加工蓝宝石的工业应用提供一定的技术基础。     

钡铁氧体吸波涂层的制备及其影响因素研究

用固相法制备了W-型钡铁氧体BaZn0.6Co1.4Fe16O27粉末并用其制备了吸波涂层。通过正交实验讨论了涂层厚度、搅拌时间和铁氧体含量对涂层吸波性能的影响,并用Statistica8.0软件对涂层的最佳制备条件进行了预测。根据正交试验结果,厚度为1.81mm、铁氧体质量分数为75%、搅拌时间为0.5h的吸波涂层具有最优的吸波性能,其微波吸收值在8.2～18.0GHz频段内均高于10dB,吸收峰值在15.3GHz左右更是达到了33dB。由软件预测得到的最佳制备条件与正交实验结果相符。     

Scattering from coated targets using a frequency-dependent, surfaceimpedance boundary condition in FDTD

One method for reducing the radar cross section of objects such as aircraft and missiles is the application of a lossy coating. Computing scattering from targets coated with dielectric/magnetic materials is challenging due to the reduced wavelengths of an incident field inside the coating. These smaller wavelengths require finer sampling of the fields. A technique for implementing this calculation without greatly increased memory requirements or computation times has previously been developed using a finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) code which has been tested in one, two, and three dimensions. The method requires knowledge of the frequency behaviour of the complex permittivity and permeability, and the thickness of the dielectric coating and is applicable to thin coatings when one or more reflections from the conducting surface are significant. The impedance at the surface of the coating is computed based on the given information and then approximated using a summation of causal functions. The approximated impedance is Z-transformed and added to the FDTD code in special update equations for the fields at the surface of the coating. No computations are required inside the coatings so the FDTD grid can be sized based on the free-space wavelength. The result obtained is valid over the entire frequency range of interest, assuming that the approximated surface impedance is a good match over the entire range. Comparisons with measurements of a scale model coated missile show good agreement and almost no increase in resource requirements over a standard FDTD calculation for an uncoated metal target     

激光超声检测带涂层金属表面裂纹的数值研究

为了研究线源脉冲激光激发的超声波在带涂层金属板表面裂纹检测方面的应用，采用有限元模拟的方法，分别建立了含有裂纹的带镍涂层和不带镍涂层金属板模型，并模拟出激光激发出的瑞利波以及瑞利波的传播过程。通过对接收点处的波形进行理论分析，得出了涂层厚度、裂纹深度与瑞利波时频域信号的关系。结果表明，瑞利波波速随着涂层厚度h的不同而不断变化；当表面存在裂纹时，不带涂层模型的反射瑞利波与剪切瑞利波的到达时间差Δt与裂纹深度h_c成线性关系，带涂层模型的Δt与h_c以涂层厚度为分界点成分段线性关系。此研究结果为实际测量带涂层金属板的表面裂纹深度提供了参考。     

Theoretical analysis of the interfacial-shear-stress induced delamination of polymeric coatings from the glass fibers in double-coated optical fibers during temperature cycling

To prevent the delamination of polymeric coatings from glass fibers, temperature cycling induced interfacial-shear-stress between the glass fiber and primary coating should be always smaller than its interfacial shear strength in a long time. The method for the prevention of the long-term delamination of polymeric coatings from glass fibers is as follows. The thickness of the primary coating can be increased if the spring constant of the optical fiber is selected to prevent low temperature microbending of the glass fiber. Meanwhile, Poisson's ratio of the primary coating should be selected to be very close to 0.5. Alternatively, the relaxation time of the primary coating and secondary coating should be increased, but Young's modulus of the primary coating as well as the thermal expansion coefficient of the secondary coating should be decreased. Meanwhile, the thickness and Young's modulus of the secondary coating should be decreased if the strength of the secondary coating is satisfied.     

Dual functional performance of fiber Bragg gratings coated with metals using flash evaporation technique

Metallic and other type of coatings on fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensors alter their sensitivity with thermal and mechanical stress while protecting the fragile optical fiber in harsh sensing surroundings. The behavior of the coated materials is unique in their response to thermal and mechanical stress depending on the thickness and the mode of coating. The thermal stress during the coating affects the temperature sensitivity of FBG sensors. We have explored the thermal response of FBGs coated with Al and Pb to an average thickness of 80 nm using flash evaporation technique where the FBG sensor is mounted in a region at room temperature in an evacuated chamber having a pressure of 10^?6 Torr which will minimize any thermal stress during the coating process. The coating thickness is chosen in the nanometer region with the aim to study thermal behavior of nanocoatings and their effect on FBG sensitivity. The sensitivity of FBGs is evaluated from the wavelengths recorded using an optical sensing interrogator sm 130 (Micron Optics) from room temperature to 300 °C both during heating and cooling. It is observed that the sensitivity of the metal coated fibers is better than the reference FBG with no coating for the entire range of temperature. For a coating thickness of 80 nm, Al coated FBG is more sensitive than the one coated with Pb up to 170 °C and it reverses at higher temperatures. This point is identified as a reversible phase transition in Pb monolayers as the 2-dimensional aspects of the metal layers are dominant in the nanocoatings of Pb. On cooling, the phase transition reverses and the FBGs return to the original state and for repeated cycles of heating and cooling the same pattern is observed. Thus the FBG functions as a sensor of the phase transitions of the coatings also.