反射面天线馈源喇叭边缘照射电平的分析

反射面天线设计的关键就是通过选择合适的喇叭馈源边缘照射电平以追求天线的高性能（增益,旁瓣电平, 效率等）。本文主要利用实例验证了标准反射面天线馈源喇叭的优选边缘照射电平,分析了赋形反射天线馈源喇叭的优选 边缘照射电平,给出了标准反射面和赋形反射面在设计中各自馈源喇叭的优选边缘照射电平。从而可以在设计工作中对 于不同形式的反射面天线有针对性的设计馈源喇叭的边缘照射电平。     

Ka波段膜片加载曲线内壁矩形喇叭天线

介绍一种工作在Ka波段曲线内壁矩形喇叭天线,这种天线的辐射结构采用高斯曲线构成的曲面矩形喇叭,在曲面矩形喇叭口加载金属膜片,通过对天线参数的设计优化,在22.5～26.5 GHz频带上方向系数大于15 dB,驻波比优于1.8,E面方向上副瓣电平比主瓣低26 dB以上,对比标准增益角锥喇叭天线测试显示,膜片加载曲面喇叭体积小,改善了传统角锥喇叭的3 dB波束宽度,降低副瓣,结构简单,活动方便,可单做馈源亦可做反射面天线馈源。     

紧缩场静区校准用超宽带天线性能的分析

紧缩场是天线天线罩辐射特性、目标散射特性测试的重要设备,在使用前需要对其静区平面波幅度锥削、幅度波 纹及相位变化等电磁性能参数进行校准。紧缩场的静区性能校准离不开全频段的探头接收天线,校准天线的性能会影响紧缩 场静区电磁参数的校准结果。文中阐述了校准紧缩场静区性能的扫描法原理,利用本单位研制的紧缩场校准系统,在某研究 所的紧缩场环境内,比较了标准增益喇叭天线与超宽带双脊喇叭天线分别作为接收探头的差异。实验证明,设计完成的超宽 带双脊喇叭天线具有驻波低、增益适中、更换方便、频带宽等优点,完全可以替代六个波段标准增益喇叭天线的功能。     

偏馈反射器天线角锥喇叭的几何绕射理论研究

本文论述一种有效的计算方法,以确定由角锥喇叭照射反射器天线的远场方向图。均匀几何绕射理论(GTD)公式用于确定喇叭的近场和远场特性。利用物理光学(PO)公式以及雅可比——贝塞耳(Jacobi-Bessel)展开式得出偏馈反射器天线的远场方向图。还给出了反射器天线远场方向图的许多典型结果。特别是详细研究了用来照射反射器的喇叭最佳位置与最佳相位中心的关系,并得出了一些有用的结论。     

圆口径混合模波纹喇叭早期研制情况的回顾

本文回顾六十年代初期在美国和澳大利亚,对圆口径波纹喇叭的同时而独立的研制工作,研制要点包括大张角波纹“标量”喇叭和反射面天线焦区场的特性以及照射反射面所需要的单模与多模的圆柱波纹喇叭。     

基于全息的太赫兹紧缩场测量技术

用传统反射面紧缩场法测量太赫兹高增益天线,要求紧缩场的反射面表面加工精度小于百分之一波长,不易制造,且非常昂贵。针对这一问题,介绍了一种新型易于构建的基于全息紧缩场测量技术,简述了全息紧缩场天线测量原理,利用时域有限差分法和物理光学法对全息紧缩场进行电磁场数值计算,并设计仿真了频率为310 GHz的全息紧缩场,所生成的静区幅度波动小于1 dB,相位波动小于10°,能够达到紧缩场测试的要求。     

紧缩场静区测试方法及相关测试技术

介绍大型紧缩场静区测试方法及实测结果,并根据静区实测结果进行波谱分析,给出平面波谱分析结果。利用波谱分析结果,对Ku反射面天线紧缩场测试结果进行了测试精确度再提升的数据处理,展示了紧缩场新的测试技术。本项目研究工作是与国家计量院联合进行的天线计量技术研究工作的一部分—紧缩场测试部分,也对天线及天线测试场性能的计量测试进行了成功的探索,为天线计量技术的发展奠定了基础。     

背射模螺旋天线及其应用研究

本文叙述了背射模螺旋与轴模螺旋的差别,推导了背射模螺旋天线远区幅射场,研究了以它为馈源的小型反射面天线的辐射特性,给出了工作在L和C波段抛物面天线的实际性能,天线效率达到并超过70％。     

收发等波束的双频低副瓣多波束天线

介绍了一种可实现收发波束大小一致的工作于K/Ka频段的低副瓣反射面多波束天线系统。该天线系统采用高效率双频多模喇叭作为馈源,实现了收发频段共用同一反射面,极大地降低了系统的规模。通过对反射面口径场上幅度和相位的分布对天线二次辐射方向图的影响的分析,提出了一种在高频处对反射面引入副瓣照射的方法,从而实现了收发波束大小一致。该天线系统在收发频段均体现了良好的低副瓣、高载干比特性。     

目标低频RCS的紧缩场测试研究

紧缩场低频工作时边缘绕射明显增强,且微波暗室内有限高度的吸波材料低频性能相对较差,使得紧缩场静区的低频幅相特性起伏变大,静区背景电平升高,从而导致紧缩场的目标低频雷达横截面(RCS)测试精度相对高频段会变差.此外,定标球在低频段呈现的RCS振荡幅度较大,也对测试结果带来不确定性.针对紧缩场进行目标低频RCS测试精度的实验研究,并将被测目标的RCS实验值和理论值进行对比,验证了该紧缩场的低频RCS测试性能可满足目标的低频RCS性能测试需求.     

Compact antenna test range without reflector edge treatment and RF anechoic chamber

There are several types of CATRs (compact antenna test ranges) used in antenna-pattern measurements. An offset reflector is generally used to generate the quiet zone of a CATR. Serrated edges, rolled edges, or R-cards are generally chosen along the reflector's edge to reduce the edge-diffraction field inside the quiet zone of the CATR. In order to reduce stray signals from the environment, a high-quality RF anechoic chamber is required for a CATR. In this paper, a new type of CATR, without either a reflector edge treatment or an RF anechoic chamber, is developed. A commercially available DBS (direct-broadcast satellite) reflector antenna, without edge treatment, is used as the reflector antenna of the CATR to generate the quiet zone of the antenna test range. In order to improve the quiet zone's performance, the fields due to feed spillover, edge diffractions, and other stray signals are gated out by the ITDAMS (impulse time-domain antenna measurement system). The RF interference in the environment can also be reduced by time synchronization and pulse integration of the impulse time-domain antenna measurement system. In order to verify the capabilities of the proposed CATR, three kinds of antennas (a low-directivity horn antenna, a high-directivity 60 cm direct-broadcast satellite reflector antenna, and a 25 cm Ka-band Cassegrain LMDS - local microwave distribution system - antenna) were measured by the proposed CATR. The antenna-pattern results agreed quite well with those of a near-field range and a far-field range.     

基于阻抗超表面的高效率角锥喇叭馈源

研究了一种基于阻抗超表面的高效率角锥喇叭馈源.将阻抗超表面放置于金属角锥喇叭内壁, 获得了一种性能良好的新形式高效率馈源.首先分析了超表面对表面阻抗特性的调控作用, 并证明该超表面对TE波和TM波呈现不同的阻抗特性.在特定的阻抗条件下, 该喇叭内壁可以支持平衡混合模式, 从而获得旋转对称的辐射波束.然后设计和加工了Ku频段的超表面高效率馈源, 馈源的测试方向图表明其辐射性能优良.最后将该馈源照射一款1.25 m Ku频段环焦天线, 测试其辐射方向图, 同样显示出其优异性能.与该环焦天线原有的波纹喇叭馈源相比, 超表面高效率馈源的性能与波纹喇叭馈源相当, 同时在体积、重量和成本方面具有明显优势.     

Ka 波段EBG 天线阵列的仿真与分析

电磁带隙(EBG)天线是一种可以提高天线辐射口径及增益的新型天线,本文首先以FSS 结构作为EBG 反射面,角 锥喇叭作为辐射源,设计了一种可以工作在29.7-30.2GHz,最大增益为23dB 的EBG 天线;其次,研究了7 个喇叭构成六 边形阵列时的阵列特性;最后,将EBG 天线用作单反射面多波束天线的馈源研究了波束的覆盖特性,结果表明,当波束 大小为1.12°时,多波束天线的峰值增益为44.5dB,边缘交叠电平为40.4dB,载干比大于12dB。证明了这种EBG 天线 具有良好的工作性能,为将来小型化反射面多波束天线的设计提供了一种新的思路。     

Performance trade-off between serrated edge and blended rolled edgecompact range reflectors

The performance trade-off between serrated edge and blended rolled edge compact range reflectors is investigated. The edge diffracted fields which contribute to stray signals in the quiet zone have to be minimized. Consequently, an iterative approach has been developed to design serrated edges such that the edge diffracted rays from the serrations can be kept as far away as possible from the desired quiet zone area. Performance of various designs based on the number and size of serrations have been studied using a physical theory of diffraction solution. In addition, an optimized blended rolled edge design with the same size as the serrated edge reflector has also been evaluated for comparison. Finally, numerical results are presented in this paper to address the performance trade-off issue among the various designs. It is clearly shown from this study that the blended rolled edge reflector performs significantly better, which should offset the increased cost needed to construct a rolled edge reflector versus a serrated one     

不同参数超宽带反射面天线系统辐射特性

在超宽带反射面天线设计中,首要问题是馈电天线的方向图与反射器匹配。以往在频域上对反射面天线的研究发现,当馈源天线方向图给出约-11 dB的边缘照射时,反射面天线可实现其最佳性能。在参数化模拟了作为馈源的透射电子显微镜(TEM)喇叭天线方向图特性的基础上,根据反射面天线的频域设计准则,相应地加入合适的超宽带反射面天线,对其远场辐射特性进行模拟计算。为了获得尽可能大的远场辐射场,采用计算机仿真技术(CST)数值模拟软件,在0 GHz~1 GHz频率范围内模拟了以不同参数TEM喇叭天线作馈源的超宽带反射面天线的远场辐射特性,并在时域上对其结果进行分析。模拟结果表明,由于其相位中心的不确定性,作为馈源的TEM喇叭天线无法与反射面天线完全匹配,其沿着反射面天线主轴移动时产生的反射面口径场相位和幅度的变化影响着远场辐射场的变化,TEM喇叭天线的遮挡效应也不容忽视。     

双频共面单脉冲天线研制

论述了双频共面单脉冲天线的设计方法。天线口径较小时,馈源的遮挡口径相对较大,这对天线的性能影响很大,选择口径较小的双频馈源是实现双频共面的关键。天线低频段馈源采用4喇叭单脉冲形式,高频段馈源采用单口多模单脉冲喇叭,通过各自的馈电网络实现单脉冲功能。天线采用卡塞格伦形式,通过对天线和馈源的优化设计,可实现天线双频段工作性能,实测结果与计算结果基本吻合。     

基于介质波导混合模式的双频馈源喇叭天线

随着大型反射面天线技术的不断发展,天线系统对设备功能的多样化与一体化提出了更高的要求,馈源作为大型反射面天线的核心,其性能决定了反射面天线整体特性。文章基于介质波导混合模式提出了一种介质加载双频馈源喇叭天线,工作于X(7.25~7.75 GHz) / Ka(21~22 GHz)频段。利用特征值理论求解双层介质波导中电磁场表达式,通过改变双层介质波导拓扑结构,形成表面波态的混合模式HE₁₁。在X频段由于喇叭口径小,形成了E面H面等化的方向图;在Ka频段,通过改变介质锥形状,形成类似点源辐射,也形成了E面H面等化、交叉极化低的方向图。对该馈源进行加工并测试,测试方向图与仿真结果较为吻合。将该馈源应用于卫星地面接收系统的13 m环焦反射面天线,经验证,该天线在工作频段口面效率均≥60%。     

Transreflector antenna design for millimeter-wave wireless links

A transreflector antenna is compact, like a Cassegrain reflector antenna, but it has the high efficiency and low sidelobe levels of a prime-focus reflector. We describe in detail how to design a transreflector antenna and its components, including the transreflector, the polarization twist-reflector, and the feed horn. As validation of our design methods, we have developed a 9.5-in transreflector antenna with a focal length of 3.2 in. We can operate the antenna at the Ka or V band, depending on whether we use a Ka- or V-band feed horn and twist-reflector. In both bands, the measured efficiency of the antenna exceeds 50%, the peak sidelobe level is below -17 dB, and the principal-plane cross-polarization rejection exceeds 33 dB. The input return loss is greater than 12.5 dB across each band of operation.     

An array feed approach to compact range reflector design

A novel methodology is presented for the design of array feeds for compact range reflectors. The principal design strategy is to illuminate the rim of a standard, circular-aperture reflector with an array pattern null. This results in a reduction in the level of edge-diffracted fields present in the quiet zone. Since low-frequency performance is improved without dedicating reflector surface area to edge treatment, the potential quiet zone size is maximized. Implementation of the technique requires only a few real-valued array excitation coefficients. It is demonstrated that various quiet zone field performance trade-offs can be made by varying either the excitation coefficients or the array size. The quality of the quiet zone field is compared with that of a uniformly illuminated serrated reflector. The operational bandwidth and the effects of both random and systematic array excitation coefficient errors are evaluated