CCD在线测量应用及数据处理

本文主要是对以CCD技术和CT技术为基础的GYC-500型光电遥测垂线坐标仪的进一步改进,偏重于数据处理,即对该仪器现场实测资料数据失真的恢复处理和分析,基于垂线坐标求解的物理意义,在光学CT反演算法中,结合现场数据的疏密特点,剔除了干扰所带来稀疏的非正常数据,使得参与最小二乘法的直线为真值,从而得到了垂线的正确位移,并与人工观测的数据比较而论证了数据处理方法的正确性和合理性。GYC-500仪器采集的数据经过该方法处理能得到与实际相符的测量结果。     

GPS技术在高速公路客运车辆管理中的应用

ＧＰＳ全球卫星定位系统能根据卫星发出的信号进行导航、定位、授时，非常适合于对移动目标进行定位管理。文章介绍了基于ＧＰＳ技术高速公路客运车辆管理系统的原理、系统组成、工作方法、客运车辆状态分析软件功能及软件框图，在ＳＡ影响下用Ｃ／Ａ码测定公路里程坐标和坐标转换方法。     

空间目标激光回波光斑中心位置推算及分析

针对空间目标激光回波信号测量需求,本文从速差效应入手,以激光跟踪测量设备的回转中心为坐标原点,建立了垂线测量坐标系,推算出了激光回波光斑中心位置坐标公式,给出了激光回波光斑中心位置的计算方法,并进行了实例计算及计算结果分析。该组公式及计算方法可用于激光回波位置预估、激光跟瞄能力评价等方面。     

CCD交汇测量系统优化设计的建模与仿真

为了得到最佳的坐标测量精度,本文针对线阵ＣＣＤ交汇测量系统的结构参数进行优化设计。首先建立了优化设计的数学模型。然后用计算机进行仿真,得出了在不同靶面下满足要求的最优结构参数。并给出了靶面误差分布的三维图。     

电子海图系统中的坐标变换研究

电子海图显示及信息系统ＥＣＤＩＳ的基础是海图的数字化，即将纸海图转换成数字海图，使之能够正确显示在电子屏幕上，这就需要建立适当的坐标系，使地理信息以图形方式表达出来。本文建立了一种适用于ＥＣＤＩＳ的平面直角坐标系，并利用迭代法推算出屏幕坐标（ｘ，ｙ）与经纬度坐标（λ，φ）的对应关系，巧妙地解决了超越方程中的坐标变换问题。     

脉冲神经网络的时间计算——世界中心识别原理

本文表明传统的基于脉冲平均点火率的人工神经网的全并行计算是不妥的，因为它不能进行时间操作，我们提出一个脉冲神经网，对神经计算引入空间搜索机制，搜索能够将空间坐标转化为时间坐标，这使得空间相对坐标 为时间相对坐标，利用延迟的连接，神经网能够非常容易地完成时间相对坐标的计算，设计了一个以世界为中心的模型，它由空间搜索器和特征转移向量存储器组成：ＷＣＭ是单纯的神经网络，它代表了不变识别的神经原理。     

交流型彩色等离子体显示板的实验研究

本文叙述交流型彩色ＡＣＰＤＰ的结构和工作原理，以及某些实验结果。实验中发现，不同的荧光粉点排列方式具有不同的色度坐标。     

电离气体变色发光的光色研究

在电离气体变色发光实现的基础上，测量了光谱相对功率分布。应用格拉斯曼定律，解释变色发光的颜色视觉和计算它们的ＣＩＥ色度坐标。对于电离气体变色发光的光色控制也作了报导。     

动物活动检测的体位方阵模式识别方法

1　引言 动物的活动可分为自发习惯活动及探究活动。根据动物活动的行为表现 ,可归结为平面的行走活动 ,直立活动和上跳活动。这些活动既包含了平面的运动的信息也包含了三维的信息 ,我们提出体位方阵模式识别方法来获取这些信息。1 1　动物活动测定原理及体位方阵模式识别方法动物活动可以用它在三维空间ｘ、ｙ、ｚ的坐标来表示。当动物在平面上运动时 ,它的坐标位置发生变化 (图 1)。设动物在某一时间间隔内其体位从Ａ点到Ｂ点 ,则其位移可表示为ΔＳ =(ΔＸ2 ΔＹ2 ) 1/ 2 ;ｘ ,ｙ轴各以ａ为度量单位 ,在每一单位上作ｘ ,ｙ轴的垂线则…     

海洋垂线偏差对海基站空间目标定位精度的影响

在处理海基站跟踪空间目标的测量数据时,需要将瞬时站址惯导地平坐标系(垂线坐标系)转换至当地法线坐标系,这一过程需要使用当地重力垂线偏差数据。因航天远洋测量船深处远离大陆的大洋,缺少所需的垂线偏差数据,因而常将垂线坐标系当成法线坐标系使用,从而对海基站目标空间定位精度产生了影响。在发射坐标系和J2000地心惯性坐标系下,分析了考虑和不考虑垂线偏差因素的模型差异,并且对发射段、运行段等不同飞行高度的空间目标进行了定位精度仿真计算,给出了垂线偏差对空间目标定位精度影响的初步结论。结果表明,当垂线偏差横向、纵向分为10＂时,空间目标定位精度的影响最大能达200 m。因此,数据处理时必须对测量数据进行海洋垂线偏差修正。     

线状GTEM小室中导线阵截面形状的选择

本文通过基于坐标变换的准静态分析方法对新型结构的线状GTEM小室的场分布进行了计算，提出线状GTEM小室中内导线阵较理想的截面形状。     

气体摆式水平姿态传感器的结构及信号处理

研究了气体摆式水平姿态传感器的工作原理、结构、信号获取电路及补偿技术。采用铂电阻丝作为热源,在密闭腔中使气体产生自然对流,用硬件电路和数字化软件补偿技术提取载体姿态信号并进行处理。研制出测量范围为±45°,非线性度小于1%FS,分辨率小于0.01°的气体摆式水平姿态传感器。     

Optimization techniques for antenna arrays

Various techniques for optimizing the performance indices of antenna arrays are discussed. In particular, methods for maximizing array directivity and signal-to-noise power ratio are reviewed. These performance indices are expressible as a ratio of two Hermitian forms, which has a certain special property to enable the facile determination of both its maximum value and the conditions under which this maximum is attained. Special maximization procedures by excitation amplitude and phase adjustments, by spacing perturbation, by phase adjustments only, and by a coordinate transformation with constraints on the array pattern are examined. For wire antennas the method of moments using a subsectioning technique can be applied to obtain numerical answers which include mutual-coupling effects. Methods for considering large arrays and for the maximization of power gain are indicated.     

Numerical Analysis of Effective Thermal Conductivity of Microwire Array Element

We have used the finite-element method to calculate numerically the equations of electrical and thermal transport. The thermal conductivity of a wire array is analyzed. The influence of the wire array on the effective thermal conductivity of the element is discussed. The effective thermal conductivity decreases as the wire diameter is reduced. Decreasing the packing density significantly reduces the effective thermal conductivity. In the classical regime, the ratio of the effective electrical conductivity to the effective thermal conductivity of the wire array can be expressed as a function of packing density; this ratio decreases as the packing density decreases. The ratio for a wire array with realistic parameters is similar to that of bulk bismuth. Therefore, to improve the thermoelectric figure of merit, it is critical to enhance the intrinsic power factor in a wire by exploiting thermomagnetic or quantum effects.     

A new approach in free air ball formation process parametersanalysis

The shape and size of gold wire ball formation deeply affects the quality of wire bonding. It not only affects the bond-ability of the first bond (ball bond), but also affects the possibility of processing low loop height bonding for thin packaging [such as thin small outline package (TSOP) and thin quad flat package (TQFP)] and high input/output (I/O) fine pitch packaging such as ball grid array. The parameters which affect the gold wire ball formation include: 1) tail length left after second bond; 2) type and shape of capillaries used; 3) material characteristics of gold wire; 4) supplied voltage, current, and time of electrical flame-off (EFO) unit; 5) gap between tail and electrode plate; and 6) relative position between capillary and electrode plate. In this paper, experiments were conducted to find the effect of these parameters on ball formation. Taguchi method together with neural network is applied in this research to find the best parameters setting for gold wire ball formation. It can then be used for wire bonding process parameter adjustment and process monitoring. It can also be used as reference for the development of wire bonders     

Balancing of an inverted pendulum with a SCARA robot

The balancing act of an inverted pendulum with a robotic manipulator is a classical benchmark for testing modern control strategies in conjunction with fast sensor-guided movements. From the control design perspective, it presents a challenging and difficult problem, as the system is open-loop instable and includes nonlinear effects in the actuators, such as friction, backlash, and elasticity. In addition, the necessity of a sensor system that can measure the inclination angles of the pendulum contributes to the complexity of the balancing problem. The pendulum is projected onto the xz and yz planes of the inertial coordinate system. These projections are treated independently from each other and are controlled individually by a state-space controller in the x and y axes, respectively. The nonlinearities of the robot are compensated by using inverse dynamics and inverse kinematics. A specially developed sensor system allows the contactless measurement of the inclination angles of the pendulum. This system consists of a small magnet, placed at the bottom of the pendulum, and Hall-effect sensors placed inside the end effector     

基于机器视觉的高速线材椭圆度测量 系统的设计

设计了一种在实验室环境下模拟工业现场高速线材椭圆度监测系统, 利用三相机测量的方式, 实现了线材椭 圆度的非接触式测量。首先选取双侧远心镜头、准直光源、高速面阵CCD 工业相机对线材实时图像进行采集, 并对 相机进行标定与畸变矫正; 随后对三路相机采集到的实时图像依次预处理, 提出了一种自适应Ψ 值运动模糊图像恢复 方法; 最后通过霍夫变换检测到的两条直线上点分别计算出三路相机测得的线材直径, 并利用直径计算出线材椭圆 度。研究结果表明, 在实验室条件下该系统的测量精度达到了实际工业生产中所需的精度, 有望在高线生产线上投入 使用。     

High performance wire‐array silicon solar cells

Nano/micro‐wire silicon solar cells, consisting of wire‐arrays of radial p–n junction structures, are expected to offer performance enhancement at lower costs, using smaller volumes of low carrier lifetime, cheaper silicon. Using inexpensive microsphere‐lithography‐based fabrication that is scalable to large areas, we have demonstrated wire‐array solar cells that outperform the control cell. Key to the design of these cells is the impact of various parameters, such as wire diameter and junction depth, that influences the competing effects of light trapping ability of the wire‐array, quantum efficiency, and series resistance of the resulting device. Using capacitance measurements we can identify two possible types of junction structure in a wire‐array solar cell: radial and planar. We show that the former is the prerequisite for performance‐enhancing wire‐array solar cells. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

基于位置敏感探测器的轨距在线监测系统研究

为了实时了解铁路轨道的轨距变化情况，研制了一种实时在线监测轨距变化的测量系统。采用位置敏感探测器和激光发射器作为测量元件实时采集轨距的变化信息，建立数学模型计算轨距的偏移量，通过组合算法来获取两根钢轨移动状态后的偏移量，并通过二次插值算法对位置敏感探测器进行非线性补偿以提高位置敏感探测器的精度和准确度；采用控制器局域网络总线和通用分组无线服务技术将一定区域内的轨距变化信息发送到监控中心进行显示；通过和现有二级铁路轨距尺分别对同一模拟轨道进行了测量实验。结果表明，该系统的测量精度为0.32mm，达到了目前轨道检测行业所规定的1mm精度要求。     

宽带拉曼光纤放大中的多泵浦源选择方法

理论分析了拉曼光纤放大谱与多波长泵浦光功率和波长的关系.考虑到泵浦光与泵浦光,泵浦光与信号光的拉曼相互作用,得出一个增益数组,增益数组就是离散的宽带拉曼光纤放大增益谱.对任何形态的宽带拉曼光纤放大增益谱,可以设定对应的增益数组,把泵浦光功率和波长组成二维坐标系,遍取坐标系中的各点,求出各组点对应的增益数组,找出最接近设定的增益数组,这组泵浦光功率及波长就是最优的解决方案.