Beam Forming in Smart Antenna with Precise Direction of Arrival Estimation Using Improved MUSIC

Smart antenna is now commonly used in communication systems due to its high advantages. In order to improve the performance of smart antenna operation, efficient design of beam forming pattern is required based on the subjected antenna parameters. In the previous works, beam forming techniques were proposed using hybridization of soft computing techniques, however the precision has not been considered in terms of direction of arrival (DOA). This paper includes DOA while deriving the beam forming pattern of smart antenna. To estimate precise DOA, the MUSIC algorithm is improved by introducing a tuned correlation matrix after solving the objective model for the matrix. Thus estimated DOA pattern is more precise as the unwanted side lobes are suppressed when compared to the conventional DOA pattern. Based on the estimated DOA pattern, the antenna beam forming pattern is derived as per the required direction of angles. The experimental results show the performance of the proposed beam forming technique over the previous techniques.     

基于TD-SCDMA无线定位MUSIC算法及其性能的研究

为了实现基于TD-SCDMA智能天线圆-角定位,针对我国TD-SCDMA采用的是非Vandermonde结构的8阵元均匀圆阵智能天线,不能直接采用MUSIC算法对移动台的来波方向(DOA)进行估计的特点,对基于TD-SCDMA智能天线进行了预处理,使MUSIC算法能够用于基于TD-SCDMA智能天线的DOA估计,同时考虑到实际应用分别对理想智能天线和非理想智能天线的MUSIC算法的性能进行了分析。     

基于HFSS的智能天线自适应算法的研究

以3G基站系统智能天线阵列为研究对象,在研究了常用智能天线自适应算法的基础上,针对常用算法测向精度有限以及来波方向估计过程的复杂性等问题,通过在接收机的输出端引入阵列导向矢量信号,利用阵列导向矢量的特殊性质,得出了一种改进后的自适应算法。采用该算法的智能天线阵列,不仅具有较强的波束搜索能力和抗干扰性能,而且不存在复杂的来波方向估计过程。最后通过对8元直线型智能天线阵列的HFSS仿真实验,得出了SINR、驻波比、方向图等特性曲线,验证了该算法的可行性。     

TD-SCDMA中DOA估计的一种ESPRIT算法

智能天线是TD-SCDMA系统的关键技术之一,其核心为波达方向(Direction of Arrival,DOA)估计和波束形成算法。目前大多数DOA估计算法都是以均匀线阵为基础,而TD-SCDMA采用的是8阵元的圆阵列天线,因此,文中采用空间预处理技术,将圆阵虚拟到均匀线阵,再用ESPRIT算法进行DOA估计,最后通过仿真验证了该算法的可行性。     

智能天线系统中空间分域虚拟阵列的DOA估计算法研究

在即将商用的3G移动通信系统中，智能天线技术成为研究的热点．本文是以智能天线技术中DOA估计为基础，研究一种可提高估计能力的虚拟阵列DOA估计算法。介绍了虚拟阵列变换技术，根据智能天线系统的特点．采用空间分域的子阵思想．结合虚拟阵列变换技术．实现空间分域的虚拟阵列DOA估计。     

智能天线的波束形成算法与实现

提出了一种基于遗传算法的波束形成方法。该方法具有很好的收敛性,与传统的LMS算法相比,遗传算法具有良好的全局搜索能力,对于复杂的搜索空间,能快速地找到最优解。利用FPGA进行空域滤波,通过DSP浮点运算,高效地实现权值估计,避免高位加法进位影响权值速度,使得智能天线波束形成算法的实现简便易行。     

DOA estimation method of weak sources for an array antenna under strong interference conditions

The concept of a preserving source orthogonality and characteristic beam is defined according to an array data model. It is proven theoretically that the corresponding eigenvectors maintain the preserving orthogonality when the powers and the angle intervals between the signals are large. The theory is then applied to the direction of arrival (DOA) estimation for the array antenna in the presence of strong interference. A novel DOA estimation algorithm based on the elimination of the eigenvectors of interference is proposed. The simulation results and comparison of the jamming jam method (JJM) algorithm show that the proposed algorithm does not require the position of the interference source to be known. Moreover, its interference suppression ability and statistical estimation performance are superior to those of the JJM, and thus, it is more suitable for low SNR and small angle intervals.     

针状波束智能天线中基于最大特征值的DOA估计

本文针对应用于DS-CDMA系统的针状波束智能天线,提出了一种基于最大特征值的DOA检测算法.由于充分利用了CDMA系统特性,这种算法具有结构简单、运算量低、分辨率高的特点.理论分析和计算机仿真结果表明,它具有很高的稳定性和很强的抗多径的能力.     

TD-SCDMA无线定位虚拟线阵修正MUSIC算法的研究

TD-SCDMA无线定位的智能天线圆-角定位技术中,DOA算法为其核心。本文针对基于TD-SCDMA智能天线预处理后的虚拟均匀线阵MUSIC算法不适用于相关信号源的DOA估计的特点,提出了基于模式空间虚拟均匀线阵修正MUSIC算法,解决了相关信号源DOA估计的问题,并分析了其性能。     

MUSIC算法的性能比较

智能天线的核心技术之一是波达方向估计,在无线通信中具有重要作用。MUSIC算法是一种经典的DOA估计算法,但因其计算量大、对于相干及小信噪比信号无法分辨等缺陷,故有较多的改进算法被提出。文中研究了求根MUSIC算法、基于空间平滑技术的MUSIC算法、改进MUSIC算法及修正MUSIC算法。通过仿真分析了角度间隔、信噪比、信号相干对改进MUSIC算法分辨率的影响。以上几种改进MUSIC算法进一步发挥了该算法高分辨率的优势,且有利于其在智能天线方面的应用。     

Experimental studies of direction of arrivals using a smart antenna testbed in wireless communication systems

This paper presents some preliminary results from experimental studies on space‐division‐multiple‐access (SDMA) for wireless communications. A smart antenna system utilizing direction‐of‐arrival (DOA)‐based beamforming techniques can enhance signal quality by reducing co‐channel interference from mobiles located at angles spatially distinct from the base station. Adopting both smart uplink and downlink beamforming, a communication system with an antenna array can increase the cell coverage of a base station and significantly boost capacity compared with conventional antenna systems. However, successful implementation of DOA‐based beamforming techniques depends on the DOA characteristics. This paper presented the feasibility of direction finding and DOA variation with respect to frequency. Furthermore, the angle spread was studied for selected environments. The results demonstrate the feasibility of applying proposed smart antenna system utilizing DOA‐based beamforming algorithm for increasing channel capacity and improving system performance in frequency‐division‐duplex (FDD) wireless communication systems. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

二维相干信号波达方向判断空间平滑算法

波达方向估计是智能天线的重要功能之一,对于相干信号角度模糊问题通常严重影响了方向判断的精准度.文中根据一维空间平滑基本理论和算法,对二维六边形阵列相干信号MUSIC算法波达方向估计问题进行了理论分析和仿真实验,提出了平面六边形阵列到十字形阵列的变换方法,成功地把一维平滑技术应用到平面六边形阵列,仿真表明,这种变换可以有效地消除相干信号的角度模糊问题.     

移动通信中智能天线技术的研究

对现代移动通信系统中采用的智能天线技术进行了研究。介绍了智能天线技术的概念及发展历史;阐述了智能天线的工作原理,基本结构;列举了智能天线技术采用的波束优化滤波算法和用来定位及波束形成的DOA算法,并重点说明了现今智能天线技术采用较多的几种自适应算法;同时,还叙述了智能天线在TD-SCDMA中的应用,以及未来的发展前景。     

基于MUSIC和LMS算法的智能天线设计

基于来渡方向估计和自适应波束成形的智能天线系统,用多重信号分类(MUSIC)算法实现来波方向估计,辨识天线阵列上接收信号的各个方向,使用最小均方误差(LUS)的自适应算法控制天线的主辩方向,实现对期望信号的跟踪,同时实现对干扰信号的零陷处理.文中使用Matlab编程进行计算机仿真,通过仿真结果,MUSIC算法可以识别天线接收端的信号的入射方向,LMS算法可以实现对干扰信号的抑制.     

Hybrid MUSIC Dolph–Chebyshev algorithm for a smart antenna system

This paper presents practical design of a smart antenna system based on direction‐of‐arrival estimation and Dolph–Chebyshev beam forming. Direction‐of‐arrival estimation is based on the multiple signal classification algorithm for identifying the directions of the source signals incident on the sensor array comprising the smart antenna system. The smart antenna system design involves a hardware part, which provides real data measurements of the incident signals received by the sensor array. This paper presents the Dolph–Chebyshev method for the synthesis and design of antenna arrays with periodic element spacing. A Field‐Programmable Gate Array implementation is presented for an antenna array application employing digital beamforming. The array comprises 10 elements, equal in number receiving radio frequency and intermediate frequency components, as well as a Spartan‐3E Field‐Programmable Gate Array‐based unit, which is responsible for the control of the array. Low‐cost and switched‐beam, and fully adaptive antenna array suitable for 2‐GHz applications are proposed in this paper. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

A NOVEL SUPER-RESOLUTION BEAMFORMING ALGORITHM

A novel simply-structured hybrid smart antenna system suitable to be used in ad-hoc network terminals is proposed in this letter. The super-resolution beamforming algorithm is also presented based on the system using DOA estimation results. The algorithm can switch the bea.mforming to the direction of the expected signal and get the best transmitting performance after the pre-beamforming of the Butler matrix. The shifting value formulas are presented to obtain the best SNR when there is no interfering signal and to acquire the highest Signal to Interference Ratio （SIR） as there is one interfering signal. When there are more than one interfering signals, the pre-bea.mforming feature of the Butler matrix can also suppress the interfering signals. Simulation results verified the algorithm.     

智能天线中的DOA估计算法的研究

波达方向(DOA)估计的基本问题就是确定同时处在空间某一区域内多个感兴趣的信号的空间位置(即各个信号到达阵列参考阵元的方位角,简称波达方向).提取波达方向信息是智能天线技术中的关键任务之一.文中主要研究波速方向估计算法中的延迟一相加法,Capon最小方差法,常规MUSIC算法和改进型MUSIC算法.通过仿真,比较了不同波达方向估计算法的性能.     

Precision of direction of arrival (DOA) estimation using novel three dimensional array geometries

Numerous methods for direction of arrival (DOA) estimation, used in smart antennas have been already reported in previous studies. The precision of DOA estimation depends on the choice of the algorithm and the geometrical configuration of the antenna array. In this work, the performance of new geometrical configurations, i.e. 2D with equal area and 3D with equal volume including circular, square, triangular, hexagonal and star geometries, with equal number of antenna elements, are examined and compared to each other to find the most proper geometry. Monte-Carlo simulations are performed to evaluate the DOA precision of the proposed arrays using the MUSIC algorithm. It is shown that in three cases of comparison including 2D geometries, 3D geometries and 3D rotated geometries, with the star and triangular configurations one achieves better resolution in DOA estimation. It is also revealed that the rotated configurations show lower estimation error compared to normal configurations.     

Direction of Arrival Estimation of Multiple UWB Signals

This paper deals with the problem of estimation of direction of arrivals (DOA) of a multiple ultra-wideband (UWB) pulse postion modulation signals incident on a smart antenna in the presence of white Gaussian noise. We transform the received signal into frequency domain in order to split the array output into multiple frequency channels. Corresponding frequency channels data of the array is arranged into a model similar to narrowband DOA estimation. Iterative quadratic maximum likelihood algorithm is applied to yield DOA estimates. These separate estimates at different frequencies are combined into a single estimate of DOA for each source in an appropriate manner. The performance of the proposed method is studied via extensive computer simulations. It is seen that the technique can successfully resolve the DOA of the closely-spaced UWB signals.     

智能天线阵列的误差分析建模与校准算法

分析了智能天线阵列的工作原理,在智能天线实验平台上对阵列误差的校正算法进行了实验验证。通过与方位无关的校正矩阵校正之后,各阵元通道的复增益趋于一致,波达方向（DOA）估计精度也在误差允许范围之内。结果表明,这种阵列误差校正方法是行之有效的。