有机小分子掺杂的聚合物发光二极管电致发光及其发射机制

在新型空穴传输聚合物聚TPD(PTPD)中掺杂电子传输有机小分子荧光染料Rubrene制成薄膜器件.考察了影响聚合物掺杂小分子薄膜器件发光性能的因素.实验表明,通过在器件中掺杂,可以控制器件所发光的颜色.研究了PTPD掺杂Rubrene分子薄膜的电致发光光谱和光致发光光谱.由实验可知.在光致发光中存在从PTPD向Rubrene的能量传递和电荷转移,而电致发光则存在从PTPD向Rubrene的能量传递和Rubrene分子对载流子的俘获.即掺杂器件的发射机制为载流子陷阱和Forster能量转换过程的共同作用.     

一种新型自聚集诱导发光材料的研究

为了研究一种新型的聚集诱导发光材料(1-绕丹宁-芘),采用荧光光谱测量法和ORIGIN软件对样品进行了实验验证和理论分析,发现其具有一些新颖的光学性质。结果表明,在稀释溶液浓度时,样品的发射峰出现大幅蓝移;在升高温度时,样品出现了荧光增强现象。这些性质不同于常见的聚集诱导发光材料,与1-绕丹宁-芘在溶液中聚集时生成超分子结构有关。该研究在生物成像、医学领域、传感器、探测器及有机显示方面有一定的应用前景,对有机发光材料的研究有重要的意义。     

有机小分子掺杂的聚合物发光二极管电致发光及其发射机制

在新型空穴传输聚合物聚TPD(PTPD)中掺杂电子传输有机小分子荧光染料Rubrene制成薄膜器件.考察了影响聚合物掺杂小分子薄膜器件发光性能的因素.实验表明,通过在器件中掺杂,可以控制器件所发光的颜色.研究了PTPD掺杂Rubrene分子薄膜的电致发光光谱和光致发光光谱.由实验可知.在光致发光中存在从PTPD向Rubrene的能量传递和电荷转移,而电致发光则存在从PTPD向Rubrene的能量传递和Rubrene分子对载流子的俘获.即掺杂器件的发射机制为载流子陷阱和Forster能量转换过程的共同作用.     

NaGdF_4:Nd~(3+)纳米球和纳米棒的热淬灭特性

采用水热法制备出了掺钕四氟化钆钠(NaGdF4:Nd3+)纳米球和纳米棒。用X射线衍射(XRD)仪和扫描电镜(SEM)对纳米晶的晶型结构以及形貌进行了表征。研究了纳米晶在室温下的发光特性,并与体材料作对比。对于Nd3+发光的热淬灭特性,拟合了纳米晶和体材料在变温荧光下的实验数据。发现与体材料相比,NaGdF4:Nd3+纳米晶具有更小的热淬灭速率,纳米球与纳米棒的热淬灭速率相近。     

具有聚集诱导发光功能的圆偏振发光液晶材料

圆偏振光是光矢量端点轨迹为圆的光，它在传播时光矢量的大小不变而振动方向随相位而改变。通常，非偏振光首先通过偏振片转化为线偏振光，再通过λ/4波片分解为左旋或右旋圆偏振光。这一物理过程所获得的圆偏振光能量损耗一般超过50%。而通过构筑聚集诱导发光手性液晶分子直接获得圆偏振光，可以获得高的荧光量子效率和大的不对称因子，有效降低了能量损耗。因此，聚集诱导发光手性液晶受到了研究人员的广泛关注。本文基于聚集诱导发光基团修饰手性液晶分子的设计与合成，以及手性聚集诱导发光分子体系掺杂向列相液晶这两类方法，综述了本领域的研究进展，讨论了聚集诱导发光液晶分子结构设计和聚集态的形成对圆偏振发光和聚集诱导发光性能的影响，展望了这种新型光学材料所面临的机遇和挑战。     

基于FLIM-FRET技术揭示OVCAR-3细胞膜和BSA-DOX纳米颗粒的相互作用

荧光寿命显微成像（FLIM）常用来检测活细胞内荧光基团的寿命信息，以实现微观定量分析。荧光共振能量转移（FRET）可用来表征能量从供体荧光分子到受体荧光分子的传递过程。将FLIM技术与FRET结合（FLIMFRET），可以监测活细胞中蛋白质的相互作用、亚细胞器的动态过程等。构建了以细胞膜上转染的绿色荧光蛋白（sfGFP）为供体、以阿霉素（DOX）为受体的FRET纳米体系，利用双光子激发荧光寿命显微成像（TP-FLIM）系统，通过监测FRET纳米体系中供体荧光寿命的变化，研究了药物DOX在细胞中的递送机制和运输效率。此外，进一步采用四种内吞途径抑制剂，对纳米药物的内吞途径进行了评估。结果证明，牛血清白蛋白（BSA）包裹的DOX(BSA-DOX)纳米颗粒通过网格蛋白介导的内吞作用进入细胞。揭示了BSA-DOX纳米颗粒通过网格蛋白介导的内吞作用进入细胞的动态过程。研究表明，FLIM-FRET技术结合定量分析方法可用于区分小分子药物和纳米颗粒与细胞作用的异同。     

单一基质SrMoO4:Eu^3+/Dy^3+荧光粉制备及光学性能研究

采用高温固相法制备颜色调控的SrMoO4:Eu^3+,0.02Dy^3+一系列钼酸盐发光材料。利用X射线衍射和荧光光谱仪分析样品的晶体结构和光学特性,以及研究能量传递机理。样品测试结果表明,在800℃下烧结5 h所得样品SrMoO4:Eu^3+,Dy^3+为纯相具有白钨矿结构的SrMoO4;样品在352 nm有效激发下,样品呈现出Eu^3+的红光发射以及Dy^3+的黄光和蓝光发射。此外,还对SrMoO4:0.02Dy^3+的温度特性进行研究,观察到温度淬灭现象,计算得到样品的热淬灭温度T0.5=448 K和热淬灭的激活能ΔE=0.265 eV。由于Dy^3+和Eu^3+之间存在能量传递,所以荧光粉颜色从冷白光到暖白光,逐步到向红光区域移动,说明通过调整Eu^3+和Dy^3+之间掺杂比例,从而得到单一基质的白光LED荧光粉。     

其它材料

0307011PVK/SiO_2纳米粒子复合体系能量传递的研究[刊]/安利民//发光学报.—2002,23(6).—590～594(E)通过溶胶反应在乙醇溶液中合成了60nm 的SiO_2纳米粒子,将其与聚乙烯咔唑(PVK)共混,得到了不同质量分数的 PVK/SiO_2复合体系。利用荧光光谱、吸收光谱,研究了 PVK/SiO_2复合体系的荧光效应,光致发光的研究表明在 PVK 与 SiO_2纳米粒子之间存在界面能量传递过程,这种能量传递的必要条件是 PVK 的发射谱与 SiO_2纳米粒子的吸收谱有重叠。以上研究表明 PVK/SiO_2复合体系存在较强的界面效应,是研究有机与无机纳米体系界面效应的良好模型。参20     

双光子激发二氢卟吩衍生物的光物理特性

用飞秒脉冲激光,研究了二氢卟吩光敏剂CPD3分子在双光子激发(TPE)下的光物理过程。报道了该分子在四氢呋喃(THF)溶剂中的TPE荧光光谱及其寿命,以及在波长800nm处的双光子吸收(TPA)截面,其中,TPE与单光子激发(OPE)的荧光光谱形状一致,具有相同的荧光发射带,荧光寿命分别为5.1ns和5.7ns;在波长800nm处的TPA截面σ2≈12.5×10-22cm4/GW。本文分析表明:在TPE下,该分子跃迁到激发态S2,经历了无辐射弛豫到达OPE的同一荧光能级,呈现激发Q带所产生的正常的荧光发射;该分子具有大的TPA截面是起源于该分子的刚性平面共轭结构所固有的线性吸收特性和TPA共振增强;CPD3作为光动力治疗(PDT)的光敏剂,又具有长波长的荧光发射、ns级的荧光寿命和大的TPA截面特性,这些双重特性使其有可能成为双光子荧光分子探针,借助于双光子荧光显微和成像技术,在分子水平上揭开PDT光敏药物与细胞器的结合特性和作用靶点等深层次问题。     

聚集诱导的荧光增强体系研究进展

聚集诱导的荧光增强（AIEE）现象是近几年备受关注的一个研究领域，文中纵观了该领域的进展，做了一个较为详尽的综述报道。具有该性质的体系主要包括多苯基取代的烯烃类、吡喃的衍生物以覆二苯基二苯并环戊二烯类等。这种反常的聚集荧光增强现象多数是由于固态或聚集状态下分子内的自由旋转运动受到极大的抑制所引起的。对于具有AIEE性质化合物的结构．性质研究有利于寻找更有效的发光功能材料。     

Optimal frame aggregation level for IEEE 802.11 PCF protocol

In this paper, we analyze the effect of the frame aggregation level on the PCF (Point Coordination Function) MAC performance in IEEE 802.11 wireless LANs and analytically derive the optimal frame aggregation level for maximizing the PCF MAC performance. For various values of unit data frame size and transmission error probability, we propose the optimal frame aggregation levels. By computer simulations, we show that the derived optimal frame aggregation level significantly enhances the PCF MAC performance in IEEE 802.11 wireless LANs.     

载波聚合技术在4G+网络中的应用研究

针对4G用户的快速增长以及4G网络规模的持续扩大,2016年国内三大运营商将大规模升级LTE网络至4G+,即在原有4G网络的基础上利用载波聚合技术.介绍了载波聚合技术的背景及功能,对载波聚合技术的频谱聚合方式、载波管理以及载波聚合部署方案进行了简要介绍.结合国内运营商现有频谱资源,探讨了国内三大运营商载波聚合频谱组合方式,最后针对中国联通的现有频谱资源,给出了中国联通载波聚合部署的方案建议,为即将升级的4G+网络建设提供一些参考.     

无线传感器网络中保障生命期和有效延时的数据融合调度方法

In scenarios of real-time data collection of long-term deployed Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs), low-latency data collection with long network lifetime becomes a key issue. In this paper, we present a data aggregation scheduling with guaranteed lifetime and efficient latency in WSNs. We first construct a Guaranteed Lifetime Minimum Radius Data Aggregation Tree (GLMRDAT) which is conducive to reduce scheduling latency while providing a guaranteed network lifetime, and then design a Greedy Scheduling algorithM (GSM) based on finding the maximum independent set in conflict graph to schedule the transmission of nodes in the aggregation tree. Finally, simulations show that our proposed approach not only outperforms the state-of-the-art solutions in terms of schedule latency, but also provides longer and guaranteed network lifetime.     

Secure median computation in wireless sensor networks

Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) have proven to be useful in many applications, such as military surveillance and environment monitoring. To meet the severe energy constraints in WSNs, several researchers have proposed to use the in-network data aggregation technique (i.e., combining partial results at intermediate nodes during message routing), which significantly reduces the communication overhead. Given the lack of hardware support for tamper-resistance and the unattended nature of sensor nodes, sensor network protocols need to be designed with security in mind. Recently, researchers proposed algorithms for securely computing a few aggregates, such as Sum (the sum of the sensed values), Count (number of nodes) and Average. However, to the best of our knowledge, there is no prior work which securely computes the Median, although the Median is considered to be an important aggregate. The contribution of this paper is twofold. We first propose a protocol to compute an approximate Median and verify if it has been falsified by an adversary. Then, we design an attack-resilient algorithm to compute the Median even in the presence of a few compromised nodes. We evaluate the performance and cost of our approach via both analysis and simulation. Our results show that our approach is scalable and efficient.     

基于逻辑承载网的量子通信网路由和交换策略

传统的量子通信网络采用空分机制,受链路中密钥分发率最低的链路限制。在大规模的量子通信网络中,链路资源浪费将更为显著,呼损率也很高。提出一种结合了分布式链路聚合算法和分布式业务聚合算法,可以支持多种业务,提供第三层路由功能以及服务质量保证的量子通信网络的路由策略。基于OPNET对呼损率的进行了仿真验证。结果表明,在保证安全性的同时可以提高瓶颈链路速率,降低系统呼损率,提高了服务质量。     

无线传感器网络中有效的安全数据融合机制

在无线传感器网络中,数据融合是实现有效传输和节省能源的一个重要途径,许多应用都需要可靠并且可信的数据来进行融合.针对上述要求,提出了一个新的安全数据融合算法来保证融合数据的机密性和完整性.算法使用端到端加密和逐跳加密相结合的方式进行数据传输,通过认证过程进行恶意节点及伪造数据的检测.仿真表明,提出的算法能够有效地检测出恶意节点,并保证融合结果的准确性.     

Secure data aggregation in wireless sensor networks using homomorphic encryption

In a Wireless Sensor Network (WSN), aggregation exploits the correlation between spatially and temporally proximate sensor data to reduce the total data volume to be transmitted to the sink. Mobile agents (MAs) fit into this paradigm, and data can be aggregated and collected by an MA from different sensor nodes using context specific codes. The MA-based data collection suffers due to large size of a typical WSN and is prone to security problems. In this article, homomorphic encryption in a clustered WSN has been proposed for secure and efficient data collection using MAs. The nodes keep encrypted data that are given to an MA for data aggregation tasks. The MA performs all the data aggregation operations upon encrypted data as it migrates between nodes in a tree-like structure in which the nodes are leafs and the cluster head is the root of the tree. It returns and deposits the encrypted aggregated data to the cluster head after traversing through all the intra cluster nodes over a shortest path route. The homomorphic encryption and aggregation processing in encrypted domain makes the data collection process secure. Simulation results confirm the effectiveness of the proposed secure data aggregation mechanism. In addition to security, MA-based mechanism leads to lesser delay and bandwidth requirements.     

Rotatable Aggregation‐Induced‐Emission/Aggregation‐Caused‐Quenching Ratio Strategy for Real‐Time Tracking Nanoparticle Dynamics

Real‐time tracking of the dynamics change of self‐assembled nanostructures in physiological environments is crucial to improving their delivery efficiency and therapeutic effects. However, such tracking is impeded by the complex biological microenvironment leading to inhomogeneous distribution. A rotatable fluorescent ratio strategy is introduced that integrates aggregation‐induced emission (AIE) and aggregation‐caused quenching (ACQ) into one nanostructured system, termed AIE and ACQ fluorescence ratio (AAR). Following this strategy, an advanced probe, PEG^5k‐TPE₄‐ICGD₄ (PTI), is developed to track the dynamics change. The extremely sharp fluorescent changes (up to 4008‐fold) in AAR allowed for the clear distinguishing and localization of the intact state and diverse dissociated states. The spatiotemporal distribution and structural dynamics of the PTI micelles can be tracked, quantitatively analyzed in living cells and animal tissue by the real‐time ratio map, and be used to monitor other responsive nanoplatforms. With this method, the dynamics of nanoparticle in different organelles are able to be investigated and validated by transmission electron microscopy. This novel strategy is generally applicable to many self‐assembled nanostructures for understanding delivery mechanism in living systems, ultimately to enhance their performance in biomedical applications.     

The impact of data aggregation on the performance of wireless sensor networks

With the increasing need for different energy saving mechanisms in Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs), data aggregation techniques for reducing the number of data transmissions by eliminating redundant information have been studied as a significant research problem. These studies have shown that data aggregation in WSNs may produce various trade‐offs among some network related performance metrics such as energy, latency, accuracy, fault‐tolerance and security. In this paper, we investigate the impact of data aggregation on these networking metrics by surveying the existing data aggregation protocols in WSNs. Our aim is twofold: First, providing a comprehensive summary and comparison of the existing data aggregation techniques with respect to different networking metrics. Second, pointing out both the possible future research issues and the need for collaboration between data management and networking research communities working on data aggregation in WSNs. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

分层PCE架构下为解决多域路径计算的链路-节点拓扑聚合方式

Inter-domain path computing is one big issue in multi-domain networks . The Hierarchical Path Computing Element (H-PCE) is a semi-central architecture for computing inter-domain path. To facilitate H-PCE in inter-domain path computing, this paper proposed a topology aggregation scheme to abstract the edge nodes and their connected inter-domain link as one vertex to achieve more optimal paths and confidentiality guarantee. The effectiveness of the scheme has been demonstrated on solving wavelength routing in multi-domain Wavelength Division Multiplexing (WDM ) network via simulation. Simulation results show that this scheme reduces at least 10% inter-domain blocking probability, compared with the traditional Domain-to-the-Node (DtN) scheme.