Analysis of magnetic stimulation of a concentric axon in a nervebundle

The authors present an analysis of magnetic stimulation of an axon located at the center of a nerve bundle. A three-dimensional axisymmetric volume conductor model is used to determine the transmembrane potential response along an axon due to induced electric fields produced by a toroidal coil. The authors evaluate four such models of an axon located in: (1) an isotropic nerve bundle with no perineurium, (2) an anisotropic nerve bundle without a perineurium, (3) an isotropic nerve bundle surrounded by a perineurium, and (4) an anisotropic nerve bundle surrounded by a perineurium. The transmembrane polarization computed along an axon for the above four models is compared to that for an axon located in an infinite homogenous medium. These calculations indicate that a nerve bundle with no sheath has little effect on the transmembrane potential. However, the presence of a perineurium around the nerve bundle and anisotropy in the bundle significantly affects the shape of the transmembrane response. Therefore, during magnetic stimulation, nerve bundle anisotropy and the presence of perineurium must be taken into account for calculation of stimulus intensities for threshold excitation     

Improvement of the efficiency droop of GaN-LEDs using an AlGaN/GaN superlattice insertion layer

With an n-AlGaN(4 nm)/GaN(4 nm) superlattice(SL) inserted between an n-GaN and an InGaN/GaN multiquantum well active layer,the efficiency droop of GaN-based LEDs has been improved.When the injection current is lower than 100 mA,the lumen efficiency of the LED with an n-AlGaN/GaN SL is relatively small compared to that without an n-AlGaN/GaN SL.However,as the injection current increases more than 100 mA,the lumen efficiency of the LED with an n-AlGaN/GaN SL surpasses that of an LED without an n-AlGaN/GaN SL. The wall plug efficiency of an LED has the same trend as lumen efficiency.The improvement of the efficiency droop of LEDs with n-AlGaN/GaN SLs can be attributed to a decrease in electron leakage due to the enhanced current spreading ability and electron blocking effect at high current densities.The reverse current of LEDs at -5 V reverse voltage decreases from 0.2568029 to 0.0070543μA,and the electro-static discharge(ESD) pass yield of an LED at human body mode(HBM)-ESD impulses of 2000 V increases from 60%to 90%.     

Staying Ahead of the Digital Tsunami: The Contributions of an Organizational Communication Approach to Journalism in the Information Age

This essay addresses the challenges facing journalism in the information age by advocating for the study of journalism from an organizational communication perspective. The communication field has maintained an illogical divide between journalism and organizational communication scholarship. First, I present an overview of subdisciplinary identities. Second, I argue for an organizational communication approach to the study of journalism and refer to an empirical study as an exemplar of this approach. Finally, I present ideas for future research regarding the study of journalism and these subdisciplines. This approach is applicable to settings like newspapers, television news, and other media organizations. Analyzing journalism from an organizational communication perspective can connect academic subdisciplines and aid practitioners in understanding a rapidly evolving media landscape.     

Resolution and contrast enhancement in optical sub-traction microscopy with annular aperture

A method for improving lateral resolution and reducing imaging distortion of optical subtraction microscopy is proposed. First, an azimuthally polarized (AP) light is modulated by an annular aperture. Then, an image with higher lateral resolu-tion is obtained by subtracting an image obtained by an annular AP beam from an image obtained by a radially polarized beam. The simulation results demonstrate that compared with the case without the annular aperture, negative side-lobes in the effective point spread function are effectively suppressed, and the imaging quality of subtraction microscopy is obvi-ously enhanced.     

Enterprise traffic with a differentiated service mechanism

As an enterprise grows, its network bandwidth requirement also increases dramatically. Network performance of an enterprise will impact its operational performance. How do we efficiently manage an enterprise network's resources in an E‐business era? This research proposes a differentiated service mechanism to manage traffic flows in an enterprise. This mechanism would enhance the performance of an enterprise network and help an enterprise efficiently transmits important information. With a high‐performance enterprise network, the enterprise can then operate more efficiently and improves its competitive capability. Copyright © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Electrodynamic characteristics of a strip antenna in a magnetoplasma

The problem of the distribution of a current in an antenna that is an infinitesimally thin, perfectly conducting narrow strip is considered. The antenna is embedded in an anisotropic plasma medium, oriented perpendicularly to an external magnetic field, and excited by an external electromotive force. The problem is reduced to a system of singular integral equations. On the basis of these equations, expressions for the distribution of the current and the antenna impedance are derived and analyzed.     

Propagation of EM pulses excited by an electric dipole in aconducting medium

Exact solutions are given for the transient electromagnetic (EM) fields excited by an electric dipole antenna with an impulsive current in a conducting medium. There exists an optimum waveform for the antenna current which can generate an EM pulse with a maximum intensity at a particular distance from the antenna. It is found that the EM fields of an EM pulse excited by an antenna in a conducting medium can be divided into two parts. The first part is an impulse wave which propagates with the speed of light (1/√(μϵ)) and decays exponentially. The second part builds up gradually and propagates slowly, and more importantly this part attenuates as an inverse power of distance which is a much slower rate than an exponential decay     

A Numerical Calculation of the Capacitance for the Rectangular Coaxial Line with Offset Inner Conductor Having an Anisotropic Dielectric

The capacitances of the rectangular coaxial lines with an offset zero-thickness inner conductor having a sapphire dielectric are presented by using an expanded charge simulation method, In order to apply the method to an anisotropic region, we propose an electric potential formula for a two-dimensional system consisting of a line charge and an infinite plate conductor which are arbitrarily situated in the region. The potential formula is anatyticafly derived by means of an affine transformation, a confomal mapping technique, and the method of images. The capacitance calculated using this method is in good agreement with those of other available methods.     

A Common Source Input Cross Coupled Quad CMOS Mixer*

A CMOS doubly balanced mixer circuit is implemented with a source follower input and a cross coupled mixing quad. The circuit employs an all N-channel configuration and is suitable for high frequency applications. As a down-converter with an RF input of 2.0 GHz and an IF output of 200 MHz, the mixer demonstrates 9 dB of conversion loss with a corresponding input referred third order intercept of 0 dBm. As an up-converter with an IF input frequency of 400 MHz and an RF output of 2.4 GHz, the mixer demonstrates 14 dB of conversion loss.     

Bounds and approximations for optimum combining of signals in the presence of multiple cochannel interferers and thermal noise

We derive an upper bound and investigate some approximations on the symbol error probability (SEP) for coherent detection of M-ary phase-shift keying, using an array of antennas with optimum combining in wireless systems in the presence of multiple uncorrelated equal-power cochannel interferers and thermal noise in a Rayleigh fading environment. Our results are general and valid for an arbitrary number of antenna elements as well as an arbitrary number of interferers. In particular, the exact SEP is derived for an arbitrary number of antennas and interferers; the computational complexity of the exact solution depends on the minimum number of antennas and interferers. Moreover, closed-form approximations are provided for the cases of dual optimum combining with an arbitrary number of interferers, and of two interferers with an arbitrary number of antenna elements. We show that our bounds and approximations are close to Monte Carlo simulation results for all cases considered in this paper.     

A Coded Modulation Scheme for Deep-Space Optical Communications

A coded modulation scheme for deep-space optical communications is studied, which is a serial concatenation of an outer low-density parity-check (LDPC) code, an interleaver, a bit-accumulator, and pulse-position modulation (PPM). It is referred as LDPC-APPM. It is decoded with an iterative demodulator-decoder using standard turbo-decoding techniques. Simulation results show that the LDPC-APPM with an outer LDPC code of medium code length suffers a loss of about 0.7 dB at a bit-error rate of relative to the serially concatenated PPM (SCPPM) of similar parameters, which consists of the serial concatenation of an outer convolutional code, an interleaver, a bit-accumulator, and PPM; however, it has better code rate flexibility especially for high rates and simpler implementation structure than SCPPM. Further, it can achieve better performance than the LDPC-PPM of the same rate and length, which consists of the serial concatenation of an LDPC code and PPM.     

An algorithm to solve integer programming problems: An efficient tool for reliability design

In many reliability design problems, the decision variables can only have integer values. The redundancy allocation is an example of one such problem; others include spare parts allocation, or repairmen allocation, which necessitate an integer programming formulation. In other words, integer programming plays an important role in system reliability optimization. In this paper, an algorithm is presented which provides an exact, simple and economical solution to any general class of integer programming problems and thereby offers reliability designers an efficient tool for system design. The algorithm can be used effectively to solve a wide variety of reliability design problems. The scope of use of this algorithm is also indicated and the procedure is illustrated by an example.     

An equivalence theory between elliptical and circular arrays

An equivalence relation of a family of arrays defined under a linear transformation is established. By means of this theorem, the far field of an elliptical array can be obtained from that of an equivalent circular array; the theorem can be similarly applied to two- and three-dimensional arrays. A uniformly excited cophasal elliptical array is considered as an example. For nonuniform excitation, the method of symmetrical components may be applied despite the absence of axial symmetry for elliptical arrays. This theory can also be applied to the case of continuous source distribution on an ellipse or in an elliptical aperture. In so doing, solutions can be obtained without use of the complicated wave functions pertaining to the original geometry. As an example, an optimum array in the sense of Dolph-Chebyshev is considered. Similarly, a Taylor distribution for an elliptical aperture can be achieved.     

易于集成的有机薄膜场效应晶体管的制备

用有机半导体并五苯作为有源层,聚四氟乙烯作为绝缘层,采用全蒸镀方式在真空室一次性制备了正装结构的有机薄膜场效应晶体管(OTFT)。薄的有机绝缘层使得器件工作在低电压下,有机薄膜场效应晶体管易于与显示像素(有机发光二极管(OLED))集成在同一个透明的刚性或者柔性衬底上。研究了有机薄膜场效应晶体管的源漏接触电阻和沟道电阻对器件性能的影响,结果表明接触电阻是影响器件性能的主要因素。在透明的玻璃衬底上实现了有机薄膜场效应晶体管对同一衬底上100μm×200μm红色有机发光二极管的驱动。     

Monotone Span Program vs.Linear Code

Monotone span program(MSP) and Linear code(LC) are efficient tools to construct Linear secret sharing scheme (LSSS) for a given access structure.Since the size of an MSP or the length of an LC corresponds to the communicational complexity of an LSSS,one main motivation to study MSPs or LCs is the lower bound for their sizes or lengths.Therefore,it is one of the most important open problems how to efficiently construct an MSP or LC for a given access structure Γ with the smallest sizes or shortest length.Our contributions are:We extend TANG et al.'s result,showing that,for any given access structure Γ,there exists an MSP or an LC to realizeΓ if and only ifa system of quadratic equations has solutions;We utilize the relationship between LCs and MSPs to obtain the greatest lower bound on the row size and the column size of MSPs realizing a given Γ,as well as an upper bound on the column size of MSPs;We give an algorithm to construct an MSP with the smallest sizes.     

外延电阻淬灭型硅光电倍增器的最新研究进展

北京师范大学新器件实验室（NDL）一直致力于研制结构紧凑、工艺相对简单的外延电阻淬灭型硅光电倍增器(silicon photomultiplier with epitaxial quenching resistor, EQR SiPM)。近期为了满足硅光电倍增器(silicon photomultiplier, SiPM)在核医学成像方面的需要,NDL通过优化器件设计和制作工艺,成功研制出微单元尺寸为15 μm、有效面积为9 mm2的EQR SiPM。相较以往同类型器件,实现了器件暗计数率(dark count rate, DCR)的进一步降低同时保持了较高的光子探测效率(photon detection efficiency, PDE),在环境温度为20 ℃、过偏压为7 V时,DCR的典型值为226 kHz/mm2、峰值PDE为46%。另外,为了进一步提升EQR SiPM的动态范围,NDL还研制出微单元尺寸为6 μm、有效面积为9 mm2、微单元数目为244720的EQR SiPM,在环境温度为20 ℃、过偏压为7 V时,DCR的典型值为240 kHz/mm2、峰值PDE为28%,其较大的动态范围特别适合高能宇宙射线的测量、强子量能器等应用。     

Intra-chip wireless interconnect for clock distribution implementedwith integrated antennas, receivers, and transmitters

A wireless interconnect system which transmits and receives RF signals across a chip using integrated antennas, receivers, and transmitters is proposed and demonstrated. The transmitter consists of a voltage-controlled oscillator, an output amplifier, and an antenna, while the receiver consists of an antenna, a low-noise amplifier, a frequency divider, and buffers. Using a 0.18-μm CMOS technology, each of these individual circuits is demonstrated at 15 GHz. Wireless interconnection for clock distribution is then demonstrated in two stages. First, a wireless transmitter with integrated antenna generates and broadcasts a 15-GHz global clock signal across a 5.6-mm test chip, and this signal is detected using receiving antennas. Second, a wireless clock receiver with an integrated antenna detects a 15-GHz global clock signal supplied to an on-chip transmitting antenna located 5.6 mm away from the receiver, and generates a 1.875-GHz local clock signal. This is the first known demonstration of an on-chip clock transmitter with an integrated antenna and the second demonstration of a clock receiver with an integrated antenna, where the receiver's frequency and interconnection distance have approximately been doubled over previous results     

某型航空相机的可靠性检测研究

可靠性检测是对设备规定性能的综合检验。航空相机的可靠性检测是其维护工作的一项重要内容。针对某型航空相机的特点,阐述了可靠性检测的基本概念、原理和方法,并给出可靠性检测结果的验收标准。     

X 波段衍射输出相对论磁控管的粒子模拟研究

：本文报道了一个X 波段18 腔衍射输出相对论磁控管的初步模拟研究结果。利用高频场分析软件和粒子模拟软件, 通过分析和优化器件的结构参数,合理选取电磁场取值大小,最终得到：在二极管电压350 kV,外加磁场0.41T 条件下, 可以得到输出功率1.09 GW、功率转换效率为22%、频率9.59GHz 的微波。     

用热像仪测试面源红外诱饵面积的方法及误差分析

红外诱饵面积是决定面源红外干扰弹作战性能的关键指标,用红外热像仪可实现对面源红外诱饵面积的测试.本文针对红外热像仪的测量原理和计算方法,对面源红外诱饵面积的测试方法、数据处理方法及影响测量的误差因素进行了研究.该测试方法简单易行,在考虑影响因素后实施测量,并对测量数据进行大气透过率修正,可大大提高测量的准确度.