光纤布喇格光栅应力双折射的研究

实验研究了侧向挤压作用下的光纤布喇格光栅(FBG)产生的应力双折射现象,提出了一种消除横向应力对温度交叉敏感的简单而又有效的方法,从理论和实验上进行了分析与验证.研究表明,对FBG施加侧向挤压产生的双折射导致普通光纤布喇格光栅存在两个满足布喇格条件的反射光谱,且双峰间距在100 ℃的温度范围内变化了0.055 nm,利用该双峰间距的变化可消除温度传感中横向应力对它的交叉敏感,实现对温敏系数的修正及温度的校正,实验中测得的原始温敏系数是0.013 8 nm/℃,对温敏系数修正了0.005 nm/℃,对变化的温度校正了4 ℃.     

FBG温度传感器交叉敏感问题的研究

基于光纤布拉格光栅(FBG)传感器的温度应变交叉敏感原理,提出了一种新型的高灵敏度FBG温度传感器封装方法,该封装方法通过在金属管内设置弹簧进行预应力封装,完全隔绝外界压力对FBG温度传感器测温的影响,可有效地解决温度和应变对FBG温度传感器交叉敏感的问题,同时提高FBG温度传感器的温度灵敏度。对封装后的光纤光栅温度传感器进行温度特性测试和温度应力交叉敏感测试实验,结果表明,传感器中心波长的变化仅由温度变化引起,不受压力变化的影响。另外,该传感器表现出较好的线性度和重复性,可以达到准确测量温度的目的。     

Analytical Solutions to Estimate the Temperature Sensitivity of Arrayed Waveguide Gratings With Stress Plates

Controlling thermal stress is a promising way to reduce the temperature instability of arrayed waveguide gratings (AWGs). A simple method to apply thermal stress is to attach stress plates on the arrayed waveguides. In this paper, a general analytical method to study the temperature sensitivity of the central wavelength in modified AWGs with stress plates is developed. The complete analysis shows that the temperature sensitivity can be controlled effectively by tuning the material parameters and the thickness of the stress plates. To obtain athermal AWGs, a stress plate with large positive thermal expansion coefficient and small Young's modulus should be attached on the bottom of the arrayed waveguides. The material with large negative thermal expansion coefficient suggests another potential scheme.      

光纤光栅温敏特性研究

分析了光纤光栅（FBG）的温度特性、温度补偿和温度增敏原理,实验研究了温度特性、温度的补偿及增敏。实验结果表明：光纤光栅对温度的改变呈现出良好的线性；所采用的补偿装置在测试范围内基本能消除温度对光纤光栅Bragg波长的影响；采用实验所用的增敏装置，可以将光纤光栅的温度灵敏度提高9.3倍。     

光纤Bragg光栅温度与应力的测量分析

采用了一种基于等度强悬臂梁的双光纤栅组合法,实现温度与应力的同时测量。选用同一批次生产的参数一致的两根光纤Bragg光栅,将其分别粘贴在等强度梁的上下表面,通过梁上下光栅所受的应力大小相等而方向相反,产生两个反射峰来实现温度与应力的同时测量。通过实验测得光栅温度灵敏度系数为0.1346nm/℃,梁上下光栅误差仅为0.0001nm/℃;应力灵敏度系数分别为0.4085nm/N,-0.4089nm/N,误差也仅为0.0004nm/N。实验结果表明该方法切实可行,制作工艺简单,克服了传统双光栅组合法难以保证测量位置的准确性的缺点。     

Effect of fiber coating on temperature sensitivity in polarimetricsensors

The effect of fiber coating on the temperature sensitivity in a polarimetric sensor has been investigated using the concept of finger prints for bare birefringent fibers. An accurate, simple mechanical model has been proposed for the analysis of phase sensitivity through stress analysis for multiply coated birefringent fibers. It is found that a singly coated fiber has a higher temperature sensitivity than a doubly coated fiber with a silicone buffer coating. Both singly and doubly coated birefringent fibers can have their temperature sensitivities nullified by choices of fiber coating     

Side-Polished Microstructured Optical Fiber for Temperature Sensor Application

We propose new microstructured optical fiber (MOF) designs for temperature sensing applications. Such fiber designs consist of a side-polished MOF with the flat side coated with a large thermooptic coefficient external medium. Numerical analysis based on a full-vector finite-element method with a perfectly matched layer was applied to evaluate the power loss caused by the evanescent field going through the external medium. Our calculations demonstrate that it is possible to change the sensor sensitivity by selecting an adequate microstructured fiber geometry. Also, different external media can be used to shift the operational range of temperature sensing.     

布喇格光纤激光器的光纤温度分布特性研究

为了分析布喇格光纤激光器中光纤的温度分布特性,提出了布喇格光纤激光器中光纤的稳定热模型,通过热传输方程分析了其中的温度分布,并采用数值有限元法对布喇格光纤的温度分布和由此产生的热应力进行了数值研究,然后对热功率密度、光纤包层数和环境对流传热系数对光纤温度分布的影响进行了模拟计算.结果表明,表层温度远低于覆层材料的临界值...     

基于侧边抛磨与覆盖材料的光纤光栅温度补偿新方法

提出并演示验证了将负热光系数的聚合物材料覆盖在侧边抛磨光纤光栅的抛磨区实现光纤光栅温度补偿的新方法。实验结果表明,这种新方法的温度补偿效果良好,封装后的光纤光栅处在63～79℃的环境温度时,可使其温度敏感度降低为未补偿时的1/16;当处在58～101℃的环境温度时,其温度敏感度降低为未补偿时的1/4。温度补偿封装后的光纤光栅器件直径只有2mm,长度为20mm。     

Phase sensitivity of polarization-maintaining optical fiber used as temperature sensor

A method is given to calculate the thermal stress distributions in coated polarization-maintaining fibers. From the stresses, the phase sensitivities of these fibers are calculated. It is found that polarization-maintaining fibers do not offer any significant increase in phase sensitivity over conventional fiber. Coating with Silicone resin tends to reduce the sensitivity while the glass substrate (start tube) with higher thermal expansion coefficient than that of the cladding increases the sensitivity.     

基于双金属结构的光纤光栅温度不敏感滤波器

为提高光纤陀螺宽谱光源的平均波长稳定性,提出了一种用60μm超短光纤光栅制作带宽11.77 nm温度不敏感滤波器的方法。利用金属材料的热膨胀系数差,设计了双金属温度补偿结构,能够随温度的升高/降低对光纤光栅压缩/拉伸,有效地补偿光纤光栅由热光效应引起的波长变化。在30～60℃的温度范围内,光纤光栅的温度灵敏度系数为0.15 pm/℃,较未补偿前降低了60倍以上。该结构具有较好的温度不敏感性,可作为光源滤波器提高光源的平均波长稳定性并有望用于高精度光纤陀螺。     

Material effects on phase sensitivity in polarimetric optical fibersensors

The material effect on the phase sensitivity in polarimetric fiber sensors is considered using inhomogeneous stress analysis. It is found that both the Young's modulus and the Poisson's ratio of the stress-producing regions have a significant effect on the phase sensitivity. For the pressure, temperature, and strain sensors considered, it is found that the phase sensitivity has a strong linear dependence on the transverse optoelastic coefficient and a lesser nonlinear dependence on the Young's modulus of the core material. It is only possible to null the phase sensitivity to a particular measurand by adjusting the material coefficients in the stress-producing region but not in the core region     

低温环境下FBG温度传感特性研究

在低温环境中,光纤光栅(Fiber Bragg Grating,FBG)材料的热膨胀系数和热光系数会发生改变,从而影响其温度传感特性。文章通过实验研究了裸光纤光栅传感器和黄铜管封装的光纤光栅传感器在低温下的温度传感特性。结果表明,在80~300 K温度范围,裸FBG温度传感器的灵敏度为6.43 pm/K,线性度为0.974,在80~230 K温度范围,温度与光纤光栅的中心波长呈现非线性关系;黄铜管封装的FBG温度传感器,在整个温度范围内灵敏度可达26 pm/K,线性度为0.996,较裸FBG温度传感器均有较大提升。对比实验表明,对光纤光栅进行封装,可以提高其温度灵敏度和线性度,改善温度传感特性。     

基于光纤布拉格光栅偏振相关损耗的温度与侧向力的同时测量

由耦合模理论分析得出,光纤布拉格光栅反射偏振相关损耗峰值位置对于温度和侧向力的作用有不同的响应特性。可通过相关灵敏度系数矩阵,用单根光纤光栅实现对温度和侧向力的同时测量,此方法解决了温度应力交叉敏感问题。实验测得反射偏振相关损耗左峰和右峰的温度灵敏度分别为0.0101nm/℃和0.0100nm/℃,侧向力灵敏度分别为0.0071nm/N和0.0005nm/N,温度和侧向力测量精度分别为±1℃和±0.6N。此方法具有核心传感元件简单、稳定性好、易于埋入被测材料内部进行实时监测等优点,是一种检测材料内部结构和环境温度变化的新方法。     

光纤光栅和静态电阻在静压模型管桩测试中的对比试验研究

为了提高光纤布拉格光栅(fiber Bragg gratin g,简称FBG)应变传感器测量精度,针对光纤光栅传 感器在模型管桩试验应用情况,提出了一种光纤光栅传感器理论灵敏度系数和实验灵敏度系 数应变标定方 法。该方法通过实验标定微型光纤光栅应变传感器的灵敏度系数,与理论分析传感器灵敏度 系数进行对比, 同时在模型管桩安装传感器位置粘贴应变片。实验结果表明,标定后的FBG应变传感器测试 结果更加准确, 为基于FBG应变传感器的模型管桩监测技术奠定了基础。同时,该方法适用于FBG传感器应 用与模型管 桩前的标定,可以得到准确反映模型管桩受力变形的真实数据,提高了光纤光栅传感器在模 型管桩试验中 的测量精度。同时,该方法简单、易操作,为光纤光栅传感器在试验和工程中应用奠定了基 础,加快了FBG 传感器在模型管桩荷载传递监测应用的步伐。     

Metal coating of fiber Bragg grating and the temperature sensing character after metallization

In this study, the fiber Bragg grating (FBG) was metallized with a nickel coat using an electroless-electro plating method. Under the optimum conditions, the surface of chemical plating and electroplating coat are smooth and compact, there is not any visible defect in the cross-section. The effects of the nickel coat on the properties of the fiber sensor were studied. With this plating method, the FBG can be well protected and its sensing properties can be changed. When the temperature is changed, a thermal stress between the metal coat and the fiber will be induced because of the thermal expansion coefficients difference. The thermal stress influence on the temperature sensing properties of the metalized FBG was analyzed, and a physical-mathematical model for FBG temperature sensing was presented. Experimental results show the mathematical model is feasible to explain the mechanism of temperature sensitivity enhancement for metalized FBG.     

光纤光栅外腔半导体激光器频率调谐技术研究

在分析了光纤光栅外腔半导体激光器(FBG-ECL)基本特性的基础上,调研了适用于该类型激光器的频率调谐方法,包括温度调谐法和应力调谐法,选取轴向应力调谐法改变光纤光栅的布拉格中心波长,进而实现频率调谐。利用压电陶瓷(PZT)来对光纤光栅施加轴向应力,通过调整PZT驱动电压值的大小来控制光纤光栅布拉格中心波长的变化量。实验结果表明,对于波长1550 nm的光纤光栅激光器,当PZT的驱动电压增加到126 V时,可实现 0.8 nm,即100 GHz的调谐范围以及每周期2 ms的调谐速度。     

一种Sagnac干涉仪结构的光子晶体光纤温度传感器

采用Sagnac干涉仪结构,设计了一种高双折射光子晶体光纤环镜温度传感器。光子晶体光纤温度稳定性好,通过向高双折射光子晶体光纤空气孔填充热光系数高的液体材料乙醇,从而实现温度传感的目的。采用平面波展开法,分析了高双折射光子晶体光纤的双折射与传输波长和温度的关系。理论分析表明,填充乙醇后,高双折射光子晶体光纤的双折射随着传输波长和温度的增加而增加,且双折射与温度成线性关系。实验中将一段填充乙醇的高双折射光子晶体光纤与3 dB耦合器熔接制作成Sagnac干涉仪结构的光纤环镜,当温度从 45 ℃升至80 ℃时,光谱仪上观察到凹点λi向短波方向漂移了309.280 nm,温度灵敏度高达8.837 nm/℃。     

光纤布喇格光栅应力增敏理论研究

提出了一种光纤布喇格光栅应力增敏的模型,推导了该模型的应力与光纤布喇格光栅中心波长相对偏移量之间的关系,以及增敏后的光纤布喇格光栅应力响应灵敏度系数的表达式,给出了该增敏模型的弹性模量计算公式,指出通过适当选择弹性体的弹性模量和尺寸,可以提高光纤布喇格光栅应力响应灵敏度。     

基于多模干涉和长周期光纤光栅的温度及折射率同时测量

基于多模干涉理论和长周期光纤光栅(LPFG)的传感特性,提出了一种单模-多模-单模(SMS)结构与LPFG级联的光纤传感器,实现了温度和折射率的同时测量。实验结果表明,SMS结构的干涉谱和LPFG对温度和折射率具有不同响应灵敏度,其温度灵敏度分别为0.017nm/℃和0.060nm/℃;SMS结构对折射率不敏感,而LPFG的折射率灵敏度为-35.60nm/RIU(RIU为折射率单位)。因此利用敏感矩阵,实现对温度和折射率的同时测量,得到温度和折射率的最大测量误差分别为±0.59℃和±0.0013。该结构灵敏度高、结构简单,且不易受电磁等干扰。实验结果具有良好的线性度,在生物化学领域应用前景良好。