Sn-Zn系无铅焊料抗氧化性和润湿性研究现状

Sn-Zn无铅焊料由于熔点接近Sn-Pb,价格低廉、无毒性、力学性能优良等特点,倍受人们的关注。然而由于Zn的表面活性高,在钎焊过程中焊料容易氧化,导致了润湿性能下降。本文综述合金元素对Sn-Zn无铅焊料氧化性能、润湿性的影响。并对Sn-Zn焊料今后的研究方向进行了简要分析。     

无铅焊料在电子组装与封装中的应用

随着人们对环境的日益重视和电子封装组装技术的发展,合金焊料的无铅化和质量的要求也越来越高,开发无铅、无毒焊料成为焊料开发的重要方向.介绍了无铅焊料的应用现状及无铅的使用要求,并论述了几种无铅焊料Sn-Ag、Sn-Zn、Sn-Bi系的特点,以及添加其它元素对它们综合性能的影响.     

从专利角度探讨Sn-Zn无铅焊料研究现状

无铅焊料的研发及专利权的保护是我国电子行业亟待解决的问题。文中结合中国专利权的特点,描述了世界各国在无铅焊料专利上的竞争以及Sn-Zn无铅焊料的专利申请状况,并据此分析了Sn- Zn无铅焊料的研发及应用状况、专利Sn-Zn无铅焊料的特点以及应用障碍,以期对我国自主知识产权的Sn-Zn无铅焊料的研发及无铅专利保护有所帮助。     

无铅焊料在清华大学的研究与发展

清华大学材料科学与工程系电子材料与封装技术研究室研制了6个系列的无铅焊料:Sn-3.5Ag添加Cu或Bi; Sn-3.5Ag-1.0Cu添加In或Bi; Sn-Ag-Cu-In添加Bi; Sn-Ag-Cu添加Ga; Sn-Zn添加Ga; Sn-Zn添加多种元素。重点介绍了Sn-Zn添加多种元素。对6个系列无铅焊料的研究取得了较好的实验结果,得到比较理想的低温焊料体系,有的合金熔点已非常接近铅锡共晶焊料熔点183℃。     

无铅焊料及其可靠性的研究进展

环保和微电子器件高度集成化的发展驱动了高性能无铅焊料的研究和开发。本文介绍了国内外对Sn-Ag,Sn-Zn,Sn-Bi,Sn-Sb和Sn-In系无铅焊料的发展现状及所取得的研究成果;列出了美国抗高温疲劳焊料研究计划筛选的七种抗热疲劳无铅焊料合金;对焊点的一般可靠性问题及无铅焊料引入的新的可靠性问题进行了归纳和讨论。     

合金化对Sn-Zn系无铅焊料抗腐蚀性能的影响

随着人们环保意识的提高,无铅焊料替代传统的锡铅焊料成为电子行业的必然趋势。Sn-Zn系无铅焊料因为熔点接近传统锡铅焊料,且具有优良的力学性能而被广泛关注,有望替代传统焊料。目前Sn-Zn系无铅焊料在润湿性、抗氧化性、抗腐蚀性等方面存在一定的问题。其中,焊料的抗腐蚀性对电子产品的寿命和安全起着决定性作用,因此,具有良好的抗腐蚀性能是开发无铅焊料的关键之一。就当下研究比较成熟的Sn-Zn系焊料的抗腐蚀性能进行研究。指出了元素合金化对Sn-Zn焊料的影响,并对抗腐蚀机理进行阐述。     

Sn-Zn系无铅焊料研究和亟待解决的问题

文章介绍了无铅焊料研究的趋势及Sn-Zn系焊料研究取得的最新进展,分析了Sn-Zn系焊料与Sn-Ag系焊料研究的差距。最后,文章还总结了Sn-Zn系焊料研究面临的困难,找出了存在于基础研究和应用研究领域的若干问题,指出Sn-Zn系焊料的研究还需要更加深入。     

Sn-Zn-Bi-In-P新型无铅焊料性能研究

新型无铅焊料Sn-4.5Zn-2Bi-In-P、Sn-9Zn-2.5Bi-In-P具有优异的抗氧化、抗腐蚀性能,弥补了Sn-Zn系焊料润湿性能方面的不足,具有极大的实用性。测量了共晶Sn-9Zn、两种新型Sn-Zn系无铅焊料和传统的Sn-37Pb焊料的各项物理性能:密度、熔点、线膨胀系数、电阻率及对铜基体的润湿角。实验结果表明,新型Sn-Zn系无铅焊料的密度约为传统Sn-37Pb焊料的3/4;熔点(依次为194℃,191.9℃)接近Sn-37Pb焊料,熔程仅为8℃;在25~100℃,新型Sn-Zn焊料线膨胀系数依次为20.8×10–6/℃、16.9×10–6/℃,优于Sn-37Pb焊料(21.2×10–6/℃);新型Sn-Zn焊料的电阻率依次为1.73×10–6Ω·m、1.79×10–6Ω·m,优于Sn-37Pb焊料(1.96×10–6Ω·m);新型Sn-Zn焊料对Cu基体的润湿角接近30°,满足实用化的最低要求。     

Sn-Ag和Sn-Zn及Sn-Bi系无铅焊料

随着微电子组装技术的发展，研制新型的和实用的无铅焊料替代传统的Sn-Pb焊料已成为近年的研究热点。介绍了目前最常见的Sn-Ag、Sn-Zn和Sn-Bi为基体的无铅焊料并与传统的Sn-Pb焊料的性能进行了比较。     

无铅合金与锡铅合金性能对比分析

随着人们对环境的日益重视,全球对电子组装焊料合金的无铅化和电子产品的质量要求也越来越高.介绍了无铅焊料合金的发展及技术应用情况,针对无铅焊料合金与锡铅焊料合金的物理性能、机械性能等指标进行对比,定性地分析在特殊环境下两种焊料合金形成的焊点差异.     

无铅可焊性镀层及其在电子工业中的应用

在电子工业中 ,为消除铅的污染 ,探讨了各种替代Sn-Pb合金的无铅可焊性镀层。论述了电镀Sn -Zn、Sn-Ag、Sn-Bi合金的方法及其镀层的可焊性能。     

A potential drop-in replacement for eutectic Sn-Pb solder—The Sn-Zn-Ag-Al-Ga solder

The Sn-Zn alloy exhibits the closest eutectic temperature to the eutectic Sn-Pb solder, although it suffers an easy oxidation characteristic. A novel alloy based on the Sn-Zn eutectic alloy was developed and found promising as a drop-in replacement for the eutectic Sn-Pb solder. This alloy, consisting of a Sn-Zn-Ag-Al-Ga combination, was developed, showing promising properties. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) investigation reveals that the investigated solder exhibits a eutectic temperature of around 199°C. The thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) study shows it attains much better oxidation resistance than the eutectic Sn-Pb solder does at 250°C. The stress-strain curve indicates that this solder also possesses a higher ultimate tensile strength (UTS) and a better ductility than the eutectic Sn-Pb solder. A wetting time, on Cu, of less than 1 sec was found for this solder with a suitable, organic acid-activated flux. Gallium tended to enhance wetting behavior. The cost of this solder was also estimated and was found to be comparable with the Sn-Pb solder.     

Wetting Behavior and Mechanical Properties of Sn-Zn and Sn-Pb Solder Alloys

A comparative experimental study of the main features of the eutectic Sn-Pb alloy and Sn-Zn alloys was carried out with a view to application of the latter alloys as alternative solder materials. The resulting microstructures, mechanical properties (ultimate tensile strength and elongation), and wettability behavior (spreading area and contact angle) of a hypoeutectic Sn-Zn (Sn-4wt.%Zn), a hypereutectic Sn-Zn (Sn-12wt.%Zn), and the eutectic Sn-9wt.%Zn alloy were examined and compared with the corresponding results of the conventional Sn-40wt.%Pb solder alloy. It was found that, of the Sn-Zn alloys examined, the eutectic Sn-9wt.%Zn alloy offers a compromise between lower wettability and higher mechanical strength.     

Sn-Zn无铅钎料合金化改性研究

各国立法限制或禁止Pb的使用极大地促进了无铅钎料的研究和应用.Sn-zn钎料作为一种很有潜力的钎料,引起了研究人员的广泛兴趣,成为了无铅钎料的研究热点.加入合金元素能显著改善Sn-Zn钎料的性能.本文阐述了加入Ag、Cu、Zn、Bi、Re、Al等金属对Sn-Zn钎料的熔点、润湿性、力学性能、抗氧化腐蚀以及接头的金属间化合物(IMC)方面的影响.最后简单阐述了Sn-zn钎料的应用现状和未来的改进方向.     

无铅钎料开发研究现状

综述了国内外无铅钎料开发的新进展和部分钎料的应用情况,重点介绍了合金元素对Sn-Zn和Sn-Ag两种合金系的性能影响。结合目前的研究成果,详细介绍了无铅钎料开发的现状及前景。     

Sn-Zn系钎料研究及应用现状

随着钎料无铅化的发展,Sn-Zn钎料以其低廉的成本,与SnPb钎料相近的熔点成为无铅钎料研究的重点.但是Sn-Zn钎料存在易氧化,抗腐蚀性差,润湿性差的问题,通常在SnZn钎料中加入不同元素,改善其性能.主要阐述不同添加元素Bi、Al、In、Re(稀土元素)、Ag、Cu、P和多元合金对SnZn钎料自身性能和钎料与Cu结合性能的影响,概述SnZn系钎料的工业应用现状.     

Thermodynamic prediction of interface phases at Cu/solder joints

A thermodynamic method to predict the intermetallic compound which forms first at the substrate/solder interface during the soldering process has been suggested through calculations of metastable phase equilibria between the substrate and the liquid solder and by comparison of the driving forces of formation of individual intermetallic compound phases. It has been applied to the interfacial reaction between Cu substrate and Sn-Ag, Sn-Zn eutectic solders. The prediction from thermodynamic calculations was in good agreement with observed experimental results. The solid-state growth behavior of compound phases formed at the interface of Cu/Sn-Zn and Cu/Sn-Ag eutectic solder joints was explained and a schematic diffusion path suggested through calculated ternary phase diagrams.     

Sn-Zn-Bi无铅焊料表面张力及润湿性研究

采用气泡最大压力法对Sn-9Zn-XBi焊料进行了表面张力测试,用平衡法测试焊料的润湿性。结果表明:Bi的添加大大降低了Sn-Zn系焊料熔体的表面张力;然而焊料暴露在空气环境下1min后,表面形成ZnO导致其表面张力增大;Bi的增加提高了焊料在铜片上的润湿力,缩短了润湿时间;Sn-9Zn-XBi焊料润湿力仍低于Sn-40Pb,其原因是焊料–铜界面能偏高。     

Phase Equilibria in the Sn-Ni-Zn Ternary System: Isothermal Sections at 200°C, 500°C,and 800°C

In the electronic packaging field, the Sn-Zn alloy system has been recommended as a high-temperature Pb-free solder. There is a need for thermodynamic data on the Sn-Ni-Zn ternary system. Such data would serve as a basis for understanding the interfacial reaction between Sn-Zn high-temperature solder and Ni substrates and for thermodynamically evaluating the proper composition level of Ni and Zn in Sn-based solder. This study has investigated the phase equilibria of the Sn-Ni-Zn ternary system at 800°C, 500°C, and 200°C (for Ni composition of less than 60 at.%). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), x-ray diffraction (XRD), and electron probe microanalysis (EPMA) were used to identify the equilibrium phases. On the basis of the experimental data and thermodynamic parameters, the isothermal sections of the Sn-Ni-Zn ternary system have been described, considering the ternary solubility in the binary phases and newfound ternary phases τ1 (Sn₃Ni₄Zn₃) and τ2 (Sn₄Ni₄Zn₂).