基于公平性对偶理论的多小区下行协同波束成形算法

为了实现最大化最差用户速率准则下的多小区下行协同波束成形优化,首先基于拉格朗日对偶理论推导出了多小区下行波束成形最差用户信干噪比最大化优化问题的虚拟上行对偶问题,进而提出了一种联合利用二分法和几何规划有效迭代解决该虚拟上行对偶问题的算法。通过把对偶上行链路优化问题的解转换到原始下行链路优化问题,从而获得多小区下行链路波束成形的波束矢量和发射功率。仿真结果表明,相比已有的多小区下行协同波束成形算法,所提算法在最差用户速率性能以及能效归一化速率性能指标方面都具有明显优势。     

多小区大规模协同功率分配及波束成形算法

针对大规模多输入单输出的多点协作下行系统,本文主要研究协同波束成形和功率控制,以达到最大化最差用户信干噪比的目的。为了求解原始下行的非凸优化问题,首先将原始优化问题转化成等价的上行优化问题进行求解。尽管在有限系统里可通过迭代算法获得波束矢量和发射功率,但是该算法依赖于瞬时信道信息,功率也需要瞬时更新。为了减少功率更新计算复杂度,本文进一步利用随机矩阵理论,提出了只需要依赖统计信道信息的算法来获得发射功率。数值仿真验证了单基站功率约束下所提算法的有效性以及相对于最大比发送算法的优越性。      

一种分布式多点协同波束成形和用户调度算法

为了高效实现多点协同下行链路的协同传输,该文基于最大化最小信干噪比准则提出了一种单层迭代分布式协同波束成形算法,并且证明了该算法的全局收敛性;利用该算法中优化波束的特征,进而提出了一种分布式协同用户调度算法。仿真结果表明,所提分布式协同波束成形和用户调度算法可获得明显优于已有算法的最小信干噪比性能,且只需要很少量的基站间信息交互。     

大规模MIMO系统中基于溢出概率的鲁棒协作波束设计

大规模多输入多输出(Massive MIMO)技术通过在基站端配置大规模天线能有效提升5G蜂窝系统容量。考虑信道估计误差对系统性能的影响,该文在多小区大规模MIMO系统中形成了用户信干噪比的非溢出概率约束下最小化系统功率的优化问题。针对非凸概率约束中下行波束难于求解的问题,该文根据矩阵迹的性质将优化问题中的非凸约束缩放,进而提出上下行对偶算法求解波束矢量。为进一步减少多小区系统中信令开销,基于大系统分析,提出了仅采用大尺度信息的分布式算法。仿真结果表明,所提的分布式算法与对偶算法相比,在保证用户信干噪比的概率约束时,降低了大规模MIMO系统中传输瞬时信道状态信息的开销,同时具有良好的鲁棒性。     

下行链路多用户MIMO线性收发机设计

针对多用户多天线(MIMO)下行链路系统中的信干噪比(SINR)平衡问题和功率最小化问题,本文基于上下行链路对偶性提出一种新的收发机设计策略.该策略通过首先优化功率和接收滤波器、然后优化预编码器的交互迭代方式,避开传统算法中的复杂特征向量问题,从而极大的降低算法复杂度.仿真结果显示,本文算法具备更好的收敛性,相同性能下所需的计算精度远小于传统算法.     

基于容量最大化的非迭代干扰对齐优化算法

现有分布式迭代干扰对齐算法没有考虑基站与用户终端处理能力的差异,使得基站和用户端都具有较高的计算复杂度和系统开销。针对下行链路和上行链路分别提出一种基于容量最大化准则的非迭代干扰对齐优化算法。所提算法在基站端使用基于容量最大化准则的优化方法求解发送预编码矩阵或接收抑制矩阵,在用户端使用迫零准则生成接收抑制矩阵或随机生成发送预编码矩阵。分析和仿真结果表明,所提的2种算法基站端的计算复杂度和系统开销与现有算法相当,但用户端的计算复杂度和系统开销大大降低,并且可以获得与最大信干噪比(Max-SINR)算法相当的系统性能。     

多点协作下行链路单调协同波束形成算法

研究了单基站功率约束条件下的多点协作多输入单输出干扰下行链路系统的和速率最大化非凸优化问题。为有效求解和速率最大化优化问题,首先采用分层优化方法将和速率最大化优化问题分解成发射功率最小化优化问题和单输入单输出干扰信道的和速率最大化优化问题;其次利用二阶锥规划优化方法求解发射功率最小化优化问题;然后利用凸近似和几何规划方法求解单输入单输出干扰信道的和速率最大化优化问题;最后通过交替求解这两个子优化问题,进而提出了一种新颖的单调协同多点波束成形算法;而且利用单有界序列原理证明了所提算法的收敛性。数值仿真表明所提算法只需约四次迭代即可收敛到稳定点,而且所获得的最优性能非常接近穷举搜索算法的最优性能。      

TD-SCDMA系统中基于上行参数的下行波束赋形算法

在TD－SCDMA系统中，我们在基站发送端进行波束赋形来提高下行链路的性能。以最优准则－最大信干噪比特征分解算法为例，我们分析基于上行参数进行下行赋形的基本原理，模拟了不同环境下赋形算法的性能，并与全向情况进行比较，得出了相应的结论。     

机间数据链系统的功率分配控制方法

针对想定战场中机间数据链网络通信模型的上行链路功率控制问题,采用了一种基于多目标灰狼算法(Multi-objective Grey Wolf Optimizer,MOGWO)的功率控制方法.将功率控制建模为多目标优化问题,以最小化上行链路中各节点功率、使各节点在接收机处的信干噪比值(Signal-to-In-terference plus Noise Ratio,SINR)接近目标SINR和最小化通信时截获概率为多目标优化问题建立模型,利用MOGWO求解问题模型Pareto前沿,依据系统选解准则求得最佳解.结果表明,MOGWO、多目标粒子群算法、基于分解的多目标进化算法与多目标蚁狮算法所得解对应各节点SINR的平均标准偏差分别为0.0968、0.3544、1.0900和0.3083.在恒定功率方法下最远节点处SINR已不满足正常通信需求,验证了MOGWO功率控制方法有更好的稳定性与寻优能力.     

考虑硬件损伤和非理想信道的鲁棒多小区多用户协同波束形成技术

为提高多小区多用户下行链路波束形成设计对两种非理想因素收发机损耗和信道不确定性的鲁棒性,该文针对两个包含非理想条件约束的优化问题提出了两种优化算法,通过逐步释放非凸约束,将原始的鲁棒性非凸优化问题转换成相对容易求解的等效问题。最后用凸优化工具对其进行了高效的求解,并与现有的算法进行对比。数值仿真结果表明,同时考虑两种非理想因素的两种算法比传统的算法能获得更好的平均信干噪比和最差信干噪比。     

Iterative multiuser uplink and downlink beamforming under SINR constraints

We study the problem of power efficient multiuser beamforming transmission for both uplink and downlink. The base station is equipped with multiple antennas, whereas the mobile units have single antennas. In the uplink, interference is canceled by successive decoding. In the downlink, ideal "dirty paper" precoding is assumed. The design goal is to minimize the total transmit power while maintaining individual SINR constraints. In the uplink, the optimization problem is solved by a recursive formula with low computational complexity. The downlink problem is solved by exploiting the duality between uplink and downlink; thus, the uplink solution carries over to the downlink. In the second part of the paper, we show how the solution can be applied to the problem of rate balancing in Gaussian multiuser channels. We propose a strategy for throughput-wise optimal transmission for broadcast and multiple access channels under a sum power constraint. Finally, we show that single-user transmission achieves the sum capacity in the low-SNR regime. We completely characterize the SNR-range where single-user transmission is optimal.     

多用户多载波无线携能通信系统的上下行联合资源分配

无线携能通信(SWIPT)技术是解决无线网络能量受限问题的有效方法,该文研究一个由基站(BS)和多用户组成的多载波SWIPT系统,其上行和下行链路均采用正交频分复用(OFDM)技术。在下行链路中,基站向用户同时进行信息与能量传输;在上行链路中,用户利用从基站接收的能量向基站回传信息。该文以最大化上下行加权和速率为目标,联合优化上行和下行的子载波分配和功率分配,提出基于拉格朗日对偶法和椭球法的最优联合资源分配算法。计算机仿真结果证实了该算法的有效性。     

Comparison of beamforming techniques for W-CDMA communication systems

Different beamforming techniques are employed in a wideband code-division multiple-access base station, and their uplink and downlink signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) performances are compared. It is found that the direction of arrival (DOA) method and the complex conjugate method have almost the same uplink SINR performance, but the complex conjugate method shifts the downlink main beam direction slightly due to the difference between the uplink and downlink carrier frequency. However, the degradation in the downlink mean SINR performance is less than 1 dB compared with that obtained by the DOA method. In the downlink, the SINR performances obtained by the single-beam method and multiple-beam beamforming technique are compared. It is found that the single-beam method has a poorer SINR performance in the low SINR region because it is more likely to suffer from deep fading. In the moderate or high SINR regions, the single-beam method has a much better SINR performance because it has a higher gain in the main path direction and a smaller angular coverage of the mainlobe, which results in a stronger signal level and smaller multiple-access interference at the mobile receiver.     

Joint downlink and uplink resource allocation for multi-carrier SWIPT system

A multi-carrier simultaneous wireless information and power transfer (SWIPT) communication system including one base station (BS) and one user was investigated,where both uplink and downlink adopt orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM).In the downlink,the BS transmited information and power to the user simultaneously.In the uplink,the user transmited information to the BS by using the power harvested from the BS in the downlink.The weighted sum of the downlink and uplink achievable rates by jointly optimizing subcarrier allocation and power allocation of the uplink and downlink were aimed to maximized.An optimal algorithm to solve the joint resource allocation problem was proposed,which was based on the Lagrange duality method and the ellipsoid method.Finally,the result shows the performances of the proposed algorithm by computer simulations.     

Robust beamforming for multicell downlink TDD massive MIMO system based on QoS

In view of multicell downlink time division multiplexing (TDD) massive multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) systems which had imperfect channel state information (CSI),the beamforming problem that minimized the total transmit power and signal leakage power based on quality of service (QoS) was studied.First,the objective problem was approximated as a standard convex optimization problem.Then,by using the duality of uplink and downlink,an inner and outer layer iterative algorithm was proposed.Numerical results show that,comparing with other typical downlink multicell massive MIMO beamforming algorithms,the proposed algorithm has obvious advantages in terms of complexity and energy efficiency.     

多用户毫米波MIMO系统中基于信道互易性的混合模数预编码算法

本文针对多用户毫米波多输入多输出(Multiple Input Multiple Output,MIMO)系统,首次提出了分离子阵列MIMO混合模数预编码架构毫米波系统的一种模拟接收方案。将最大化和速率求解混合模数预编码的三元联合优化问题分成模拟和数字两部分求解,进一步提出了基于信道互易性的混合模数预编码算法。该算法通过最大化下行各个用户和上行各个子阵列的接收信干噪比分别求解模拟合并矢量和模拟预编码矢量;优化模拟部分后,设计发射端数字预编码器消除多用户数据流之间的干扰。数值仿真表明所提算法收敛速度快,且可获得接近最优纯数字预编码算法的性能。      

Interference alignment scheme for massive MIMO system

The performance of massive multiple-input multiple-output （MIMO） system is limited by pilot contamination. To reduce the pilot contamination, uplink and downlink precoding algorithms are put forward based on interference alignment criterion. In the uplink receiving processing, the target function aligns the pilot contamination and the interference signals to the same null space and acquires the maximal space degree of the desired signals. The uplink receiving precoding matrix is solved on maximal signal to interference plus noise ratio （SINR） criterion considering the impact of the pilot contamination on channel estimations. The uplink receiving precoding matrix is used as the downlink transmitting precoding matrix. Exploiting the channel reciprocity, it is proved that, if the uplink receiving precoding matrix achieves maximal S1NR, the identical precoding matrix can be used in the downlink transmission and acquires maximal signal to leakage plus noise ratio （SLNR）. Simulations show that the spectrum efficiency of the proposed algorithm can reach about 1.5 times higher than that of popular matched filtering （MF） precoding algorithm, and about 1.1 times higher than multi-cell minimum mean square error （MMSE） precoding algorithm. The performance of the proposed algorithm can be improved approximately linearly with the increasing of the number of antennas.     

Multi-cell uplink-downlink beamforming throughput duality based on Lagrangian duality with per-base station power constraints

Despite significant research efforts in beamforming, the maximum achievable downlink throughput with beamforming in a multi-cell environment is not available due to difficulty in finding optimal downlink beamforming. Thus, to reformulate the problem into a more solvable form, we derive dual uplink throughput optimization problem to multi-cell downlink beam- forming throughput maximization with per-base station (BS) power constraints based on Lagrangian duality. The optimal downlink beamforming is shown to be a minimum mean squared error (MMSE) beamforming in the dual uplink. It is also shown that the dual uplink problem achieves the same optimal throughput as the primal downlink problem.     

Transmit beamforming and power control for cellular wirelesssystems

Joint power control and beamforming schemes are proposed for cellular systems where adaptive arrays are used only at base stations. In the uplink, mobile power and receiver diversity combining vectors at the base stations are calculated jointly. The mobile transmitted power is minimized, while the signal-to-interference-and-noise ratio (SINR) at each link is maintained above a threshold. A transmit diversity scheme for the downlink is also proposed where the transmit weight vectors and downlink power allocations are jointly calculated such that the SINR at each mobile is above a target value. The proposed algorithm achieves a feasible solution for the downlink if there is one and minimizes the total transmitted power in the network. In a reciprocal network it can be implemented in a decentralized system, and it does not require global channel response measurements. In a nonreciprocal network, where the uplink and downlink channel responses are different, the proposed transmit beamforming algorithm needs to be implemented in a centralized system, and it requires a knowledge of the downlink channel responses. The performances of these algorithms are compared with previously proposed algorithms through numerical studies     

Performance of personal access communications system-unlicensed B

The FCC has allocated the band between 1920 MHz and 1930 MHz for unlicensed personal communications services (UPCS) using isochronous or circuit operation. The UPCS spectrum is between the licensed PCS spectrum bands of 1850-1910 MHz and 1930-1990 MHz. Terminal interoperability in both the UPCS spectrum on private indoor wireless systems and the licensed spectrum on public PCS systems is desirable and encouraged by the FCC. This paper presents a port channel assignment process for the personal access communications system-unlicensed B (PACS-UB) which abides by the FCC etiquette for UPCS and discusses the corresponding uplink and downlink performance. Uplink power control is employed to improve the uplink performance. PACS-UB has a high degree of commonality with licensed PACS to permit economical licensed/unlicensed terminals and common network services. The results of our simulation show that, at 1% to 2% blocking probability, 99% of downlink local-mean signal-to-noise plus interference ratio (SINR) values are above 17 dB for a 10 to 20 m port separation. For a three-dimensional office environment, the uplink limits the SINR performance, however, with uplink power control, a 5.5 to 7 dB improvement in the uplink SINR can be achieved even for high traffic load