基于光子数可分辨探测器的单脉冲光子数检测

为了对未知脉冲所含的光子数进行标定,针对不同光子数的光脉冲在超导环境下,微波动态电感探测器(MKID)作用时,测量系统输出的信号差异性,采用平均区间取值法和迭代法分别进行标定,并进行了理论分析和实验验证。结果表明,MKID能够在低温测量系统中对未知1550nm单脉冲光的光子数进行识别; 经过数据处理后得到平均光子数分别为1.98和1.81;其中平均区间取值法标定光子数过程较为简单,迭代法有待继续探索。这一结果对单脉冲光子数检测是有帮助的。     

Detection of quantum signals of random phase in thermal noise (Corresp.)

When the phase of the transmittance between a unimodal transmitter and a unimodal receiver is uniformly distributed over(0,2pi), the density operator of the received signal field commutes with the photon number operator, and the optimum detector of the signal counts photons. A simple formula is given for the probability generating function of the number of photons in terms of the quasi-probability distribution of the transmitted signal. It is used to determine the average error probability of an on-off binary communication system transmitting two-photon coherent-state signals, received in the presence of thermal noise.     

Performance Evaluation of Different PSK Schemes in an OFDM System Using a Real Time Image

Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) is a multicarrier modulation scheme that combines a large number of low data rate carriers into a composite high data communication system. Unlike in many other modulation techniques, the addition of cyclic prefix to the OFDM symbols combats the intersymbol interference and the orthogonality of the carriers allows it to combat Intercarrier interference in the OFDM modulation technique. Acknowledging these advantages, OFDM is the most preferred modulation technique in most of the next-generation wireless communication networks for transmitting many forms of digital data with higher efficiency. To evaluate the functionality and overall performance of an OFDM system, a digital data corresponding to a two-dimensional gray-scale image is used as a test signal. This paper aims at evaluating the performance of various phase shift keying (PSK) techniques taking a real time image as a test sample, which is converted into a form suitable for OFDM transmission, then transmitting the converted OFDM signal over the additive white Gaussian noise channel over various signal to noise ratio values. The performance is evaluated by comparing the clarity of the received image after demodulation with the original image, bit error rate (BER) Vs SNR, transmission and reception times of various PSK schemes (BPSK, QPSK,16-PSK and 256-PSK). The BER offered by BPSK is the least while transmission times offered by 256-PSK is the least. Along with these, different PSK schemes are compared by changing the clipping amplitude that is done to combat nonlinearities due to high peak to average power ratio.

     

Performance Enhancement of Gaussian Minimum Shift Keying Using Optimum Phase Sampling Technique for Turbulent Free-Space Optical Communication

In this paper, analytical performances of Gaussian minimum shift keying (GMSK) are studied for free space optical communication system. Authors propose an innovative sampling technique called, optimum phase sampling technique to investigate the bit error performance of GMSK modulation. Subsequently, performances of GMSK like, bit error rate (BER), power spectral density, and adjacent carrier interference (ACI) have also been investigated and compared with other modulation techniques. Furthermore, return to zero (RZ) coding input bit stream prior to GMSK technique improves the ACI performance of GMSK. To end with, we present the improvement of degradation parameter (γ) in a tabular form through phase sampling technique. Moreover, both optimum phase sampling and narrow pulse shaping of RZ-GMSK obtains near optimal result of BER. The numerical results show, that the proposed phase sampled RZ-GMSK of 70% duty cycle at BT?=?0.6 has a degradation value of 0.979, which is comparable to GMSK at BT?=?∞. Moreover, the proposed RZ-GMSK achieves lower ACI value and has an error rate of 7?×?10^?7, which is lower than the GMSK of 1?×?10^?6 BER value.

     

Analysis and measurement of FM click rate in slow Rician fading

A closed-form expression is derived for the average click rate in an FM system when the transmitted signal experiences Rician fading. Click rate is useful for predicting the bit-error-rate (BER) performance of a digital frequency modulation (FM) signal demodulated by a limiter-discriminator. In the derivations, the assumption is made that the fading is relatively constant over a baud interval (the slow fading case). Also, a definition of the signal-to-noise ratio is used that includes the multipath as a signal component rather than treating it as noise. The validity of the formulae for positive and negative click rates has been verified by experiment     

利用单光子探测器测量多光子响应时间

通过研究单光子探测器对微弱激光脉冲的暂态响 应特性,利用不同光子数的响应时间实现光 子数的分辨测量。理论上分析了光子数响应时间与微弱光脉冲探测时间的对应关系。实验上 通过测量不同光强下单光子探测器的暂态响应,测量到1550nm波段单光子、 双光子和三光子的响应时间分别为10.73±0.17、8.75±0.32和5.98±0.77ns。实现精确区分微弱光场中的光子数。分析了单光子探测器光子数统计涨落引起的 微弱激光脉冲的探测时间变化对光子数响应时间测量的影响。     

Reliability of a laser communication system

Reliability function of a laser communication system is found with the help of a probability of error bound. Attention is restricted to the special case when the average photon arrivals at the receiver of the communication system is large. This reliability function is a complicated function and depends on number of parameters such as average number of signal photons, average number of noise photons, information rate and the channel capacity. The system reliability function and the corresponding curves can give the idea of system parameters which may be useful for the implementation of an optimum laser communication system.     

RoFSO系统中4FSK仿真及其误比特率性能分析

将射频技术应用到自由空间光通信具有独到的优势。为了研究自由空间光载射频技术,在四进制频移键控调制解调理论基础上,以自由空间光通信为应用背景,采用仿真,从时域角度对四进制频移键控系统进行了编码及解码研究,并推导了经过高斯噪声和瑞利信道后系统误比特率及信道容量。两种解调法的系统误比特率仿真结果表明,当信噪比为12dB时,过零检测法的系统误比特率达到10-15,明显优于相干解调法。     

155Mbps毫米波QAM解调器设计

 针对数字毫米波通信设计了一个155Mbps QAM解调器.为比较大容量毫米波通信中峰均比、解调门限和带宽对系统性能的影响,提出了一个新的参量——信号资源优化系数 ,根据4~1024 QAM的 值优选了QPSK、16QAM和64QAM作为调制方式.研究了AGC和载波泄露对解调性能的影响;根据小滚降系数奈奎斯特升余弦信号的数字预滤波原理,提出了一种零抖动定时误差检测方法;研究了PFD载波恢复算法在解调高阶QAM信号时出现的星座点捕获错误问题,提出了根据星座点功率自适应调整捕获门限的改进PFD算法.本设计已成功应用于一毫米波链路,算法工作稳定,在比特误码率为1E-8时,解调损失小于2dB.     

SSD‐enhanced uncoded space‐time labeling diversity

Space‐time labeling diversity (STLD) has been shown to be an efficient technique for improving the bit error rate (BER) performance of an uncoded space‐time coded modulation system. In this paper, signal space diversity (SSD) is incorporated into the uncoded STLD system to further enhance the system BER performance. A tight closed‐form union bound on the BER of the proposed system is derived and is used to optimize the rotation angle of the SSD scheme. Simulation results are used to confirm the theoretical bound derived for the system. The results also show performance gains of approximately 2.0 dB at a BER of 10^?6 and 1.6 dB at a BER 10^?4 from incorporating SSD into the uncoded STLD system using 16QAM and 64QAM, respectively. Furthermore, a low complexity detection scheme based on orthogonal projection is formulated for the proposed scheme and, in comparison with the optimal maximum‐likelihood detector, is shown to result in a 56% and 95% reduction in computation complexity for the 16QAM and 64QAM versions of the proposed system, respectively.     

量子增强星载光子计数激光雷达阈值检测性能

星载光子计数激光雷达在遥感探测、导航测距等领域发挥着重要作用。依据光子数可分辨激光雷达的工作原理,建立了基于光量子统计理论的星载光子数可分辨激光雷达接收端的量子阈值检测模型。方案利用先进的光子数可分辨探测器件滤除未能达到最小检测信噪比的光子,并根据光量子统计规律重构信噪比检测公式,接收端的最小可检测信噪比相对经典光强检测方案进一步降低。同时分析了新型量子阈值检测方案的检测概率与虚警概率,数值仿真的结果表明,基于光子数可分辨探测的量子阈值检测方案的信噪比在少光子到达的条件下优于经典光强检测方案,且利用量子压缩态发射源可进一步增强量子阈值的检测性能。最后,进行了星载光子数可分辨激光雷达测高的仿真实验,结果表明在少量返回光子信号情形下的量子阈值检测方案的性能获得了显著增益。     

0.34 THz肖特基二极管高速OOK信号直接检波器

为了满足340 GHz高速OOK无线通信的需求,完成了340 GHz零偏置波导检波器的设计、加工和测试。首先,在高频电磁仿真软件HFSS中对准垂直结构二极管（QVD）进行建模仿真,并结合二极管的非线性模型确定二极管的阻抗;随后设计了输入波导-微带转换以及低通滤波器等无源结构,并同时对二极管进行阻抗匹配;最后进行了检波器的加工和测试。测试结果表明该检波器的电压灵敏度在334 GHz时最佳,最大值为2 210 V/W,并且在315 GHz~357 GHz频率范围内的典型值为1 400 V/W,其对应的等效噪声功率典型值为5 pW Hz-0.5。最后,还利用该检波器进行了340 GHz频段的高速OOK信号接收实验,结果表明,该检波器能够近乎无误地检测10 Gbps的OOK信号,并且在OOK信号速率为15 Gbps时,检波器解调得到的误码率为3.1510-7,证明了该检波器的高速信号检测能力能够满足高速OOK无线通信系统的需求。     

基于FPGA平台的紫外通信系统的解调技术的研究

提出了一种用FPGA解调来提高紫外通信系统的传输速率的方法;采用FPGA设计解调电路,很好地处理了2FSK信号的过渡带问题,使传输的信息经调制后能正确解调;在传输速率为9.6 kbit/s时,误码率仅为0.001%,数据速率已经达到了国际先进水平.     

联合迭代解调译码算法的短波FH/OFDM系统的性能分析

该文提出了一种基于联合迭代解调译码的短波跳频OFDM系统,并在其接收端采用非相干序列检测和迭代译码相结合的联合迭代解调译码算法。该联合迭代解调译码算法可以降低差分检测时所导致的性能损失,同时,也可以提高短波FH/OFDM系统的可靠性。仿真结果表明:该方法可使其系统在短波信道中获得较好的比特误码性能,当Eb/N0＝5.5 dB时,其系统的比特误码率可达到10-5,数据传输速率达到8.912 kb/s,显然,该联合迭代译码解调算法是适合短波FH/OFDM系统的。     

An application of univariate marginal distribution algorithm in MIMO communication systems

The paper discusses a sequence detector based on univariate marginal distribution algorithm (UMDA) that jointly estimates the symbols transmitted in a multiple input multiple output (MIMO) communication system. While an optimal maximum likelihood detection using an exhaustive search method is prohibitively complex, it has been shown that sphere decoder (SD) achieves the optimal bit error rate (BER) performance with polynomial time complexity for smaller array sizes. However, the worst‐case complexity of SD is exponential in the problem dimensions, this brings in question its practical implementation for larger number of spatial layers and for higher‐order signal constellation. The proposed detector shows promising results for this overly difficult and complicated operating environment, confirmed through simulation results. A performance comparison of the UMDA detector with SD is presented for higher‐order complex MIMO architectures with limited average transmit power. The proposed detector achieves substantial performance gain for higher‐order systems attaining a near optimal BER performance with reduced computational complexity as compared with SD. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Numerical analysis on an OOK-NRZ visible light communication system based on a single white LED

An OOK-NRZ visible light communication (VLC) system is designed by using a single white LED and a 550 nm visible photodetector. The emitting model of the single LED is established, and the general expression of the detector’s output signals under OOK modulation is deduced. With the selected LED, detector and other related parameters, the designed communication system is optimized and its performance is analyzed. The optimized communication distance between the LED and the detector is 0.54 m at the communication bit rate of 1 Mbit/s. With the best communication distance, when the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) is larger than 6.5 dB, the bit error rate (BER) can drop to 10-4. The analytical model and theory presented in this paper can be of certain practical meanings in the design of similar communication systems.     

An Optimal Chip-Level OCDMA Detector by Using Photon Counting

This paper studies the optimal bit error rate (BER) performance of chip-level detection for optical code division multiple-access (OCDMA) systems in the presence of shot noise. To attain the optimal BER of chip-level detection, a chiplevel detector that uses a limiter on the photon counts at each weighted chip is first proposed. Then, the monotonicity of the likelihood ratio used in the maximum a posteriori (MAP) probability criterion is established. With this monotonicity, a sufficient condition characterized by the cap levels of the limiters and the average photon counts per pulse is obtained, under which the detector is simply an AND detector to attain the optimal BER of chip-level detection. The detector?s performance and its comparison to those of other detectors are also studied by numerical studies.     

应用深度学习的信号解调

针对噪声干扰信道下的信号解调问题,提出了应用深度学习的信号识别方法,通过识别信号完成信号解调.深层置信网络使用受限波尔兹曼机为基本单元,设计针对通信信号识别的多层深层置信网络.通信信号首先变换为特定表征序列,并以此构建完备的训练集合对深度置信网络进行逐层的无监督学习和全局有监督的微调反馈学习,在深层置信网络的权重参数优化过程中实现对通信信号的特征提取与识别.仿真实验表明,与传统调制信号解调方法相比,应用深度学习的信号解调方法的检测性能有约0.4 dB的提升.     

Node to Node Performance Evaluation through RYU SDN Controller

In this paper a novel jamming technique is presented. The idea of the proposed jamming technique is based on adding inphase and quadrature impairments to the jamming signal. The jammer is simply a quadrature phase shift keying signal. The bit error rate probability (BER) of the proposed jamming signal is derived analytically and validated with the aid of the software defined radio SystemVue design software. The standard multi input multi output (MIMO) wireless local area network (WLAN) IEEE802.11n communication system is chosen as the victim system. Its BER performance is simulated in the presence of the proposed jamming signal in multipath fading channel. Finally, the efficiency of the proposed jamming signal on the MIMO WLAN IEEE802.11n communication system is practically measured in the laboratory where a practical experiment is held and the efficiency of the proposed jamming signal is compared with the traditional single tone jamming signal. It will be shown practically that the proposed jamming technique outperforms the traditional single tone jamming signal by nearly 15 dBm on the impact of efficiently jam the MIMO WLAN IEEE802.11n communication system.

     

M-ary FSK Performance for Coherent Optical Communication Systems Using Semiconductor Lasers

This paper describes the design and performance of anMary frequency shift keyed (FSK) signaling and demodulation scheme for an optical communication system using semiconductor lasers and heterodyne detection. Frequency or phase noise in semiconductor lasers causes spectral spreading, producing a nonzero linewidth laser signal. This degrades communication performance when compared to a system using an ideal laser with zero linewidth. We present estimates of the bit error rate (BER) performance ofM-ary frequency shift keying (FSK) with noncoherent demodulation in the presence of white Gaussian frequency noise and additive channel noise. This is typical of an optical system using semiconductor lasers and heterodyne detection. Estimates use the union-Chernoff bound with a simplified channel model to predict the effects of frequency noise. Two effects of frequency noise are identified: signal attenuation or suppression, and crosstalk. These cause an offset in the BER curve from the BER in the absence of frequency noise, and an error rate floor, respectively. The error rate floor is lower than previously predicted. When performance is not crosstalk limited,M-ary FSK is found to perform better than binary FSK with the same system bandwidth constraints, as would be predicted if ideal lasers are used. Theoretical results are compared with Monte Carlo simulations of the system.