长/长波双色二类超晶格红外探测器研究

报道了长/长波双色二类超晶格红外焦平面探测器组件的研制。通过能带结构设计和分子束外延技术,获得了表面质量良好的长/长波双色超晶格外延材料。突破了长波超晶格低暗电流钝化、低损伤干法刻蚀等关键技术,制备出像元中心距30 μm的320×256长/长波双色InAs/GaSb超晶格焦平面探测器芯片。将芯片与双色读出电路互连,采用杜瓦封装,与制冷机耦合形成探测器组件。组件双波段50%后截止波长分别为7.7 μm（波段1）和10.0 μm（波段2）。波段1平均峰值探测率达到8.21×10¹⁰ cmW^-1Hz^1/2,NETD实现28.8 mK;波段2平均峰值探测率达到6.15×10¹⁰ cmW^-1Hz^1/2,NETD为37.8 mK,获得了清晰的成像效果,实现长/长波双色探测。     

中/长波切换工作模式的双色量子阱红外焦平面研制

报道了中/长波切换工作模式的双色量子阱红外焦平面研制。通过特殊设计的器件和读出电路结构,获得了可对中波波段和长波波段选择的切换架构。突破了双色量子阱材料、器件以及读出电路等关键技术,研制出384288规模、25 m中心距双色量子阱红外焦平面探测器。在70 K条件下器件性能优良,噪声等效温差为28 mK(中波)和30 mK(长波),响应峰值波长分别为5.1 m(中波)和8.5 m(长波)。室温目标红外成像演示了探测器的双色探测功能。     

128×128三电极中/长波双色量子阱红外探测器

量子阱红外探测器(QWIP)阵列具有重要的实用意义。国外的研究已经相当成熟,但是在国内,量子阱红外探测器阵列的研究水平还较低,尤其是对于双色量子阱红外探测器阵列的研究更是刚刚起步。文中使用GaAs/AlGaAs、InGaAs/AlGaAs应变量子阱和三端电极引出的器件结构研制出128×128中/长波双色量子阱红外探测器阵列。该结构实现了同像元同时引出双色信号。器件像元中心距为40μm,像元有效面积为36μm×36μm。探测器芯片与读出电路互连并完成微杜瓦封装。在65 K条件下测试,峰值波长为:中波5.37μm,长波8.63μm,器件的平均峰值探测率为:中波4.75×109cmHz1/2W-1,长波3.27×109cmHz1/2W-1。并进行了双波段的红外演示成像。     

320×256元InAs/GaSb II类超晶格中波红外双色焦平面探测器

报道了320×256元InAs/GaSb II类超晶格红外双色焦平面阵列探测器的初步结果.探测器采用PN-NP叠层双色外延结构,信号提取采用顺序读出方式.运用分子束外延技术在GaSb衬底上生长超晶格材料,双波段红外吸收区的超晶格周期结构分别为7 ML InAs/7 ML GaSb和10 ML InAs/10 ML GaSb.焦平面阵列像元中心距为30μm.在77 K时测试,器件双色波段的50%响应截止波长分别为4.2μm和5.5μm,其中N-on-P器件平均峰值探测率达到6.0×10~(10) cmHz~(1/2)W~(-1),盲元率为8.6%;P-on-N器件平均峰值探测率达到2.3×10~9 cmHz~(1/2)W~(-1),盲元率为9.8%.红外焦平面偏压调节成像测试得到较为清晰的双波段成像.     

锑化物中/中波双色红外探测器研究进展

面对第三代红外探测器对多波段探测的需求,中/中波双色同时获取两个波段的目标信息,对复杂的背景进行抑制,可以有效排除干扰源的影响,提高了探测的准确性,增强了在人工及复杂背景干扰下的目标识别能力,因此中/中波双色探测器设计和制备最近快速发展起来。锑化铟红外探测器通过分光可实现两个中波波段的探测,锑化物Ⅱ类超晶格探测器通过能带结构设计实现多波段探测。本文阐述了锑化物中/中波双色红外探测器的主要技术路线和目前研究进展,与传统InSb双色探测器相比,中/中波双色超晶格红外器件用于红外成像探测具有鲜明的特点和优势,但需要在探测器结构设计、锑化物超晶格材料生长、阵列器件制备等方面进行进一步研究,以提高探测性能,满足工程化应用需求。     

InAs/GaSb Ⅱ类超晶格长波红外探测器背面减薄技术研究

在长波红外波段,InAs/GaSb Ⅱ类超晶格材料具有比碲镉汞材料更优越的性能,因此得到了广泛研究。对InAs/GaSb Ⅱ类超晶格红外探测器芯片的背面减薄技术开展了一系列试验。针对<100>GaSb单晶片进行了单点金刚石机床精密加工、机械化学抛光和化学抛光方法研究,并去除了加工损伤。InAs/GaSb Ⅱ类超晶格红外器件的流片结果表明,长波探测器组件获得了较好的红外成像图片,提高了InAs/GaSb Ⅱ类超晶格长波红外探测器芯片的研制水平。     

红外成像寻的用双色凝视焦平面探测器设计的基本要求

文中讨论了红外成像寻的器用红外焦平面探测器的工作波段、阵列结构、规模、相对孔径等问题,提出双色凝视红外焦平面探测器设计的基本要求: (1)波长组合以相邻波段为宜;(2)双色FPA以叠层结构的凝视型为宜; ( 3)通过限制红外成像传感器的视场,将双色凝视FPA的规模控制在320 ×256以下为宜; (4)在探测元尺寸50μm ×50μm时,中波/长波双色凝视FPA的F数以1～2. 44为宜。     

双波段红外HgCdTe焦平面列阵

本文综述法国原子能委员会LETI红外实验室在双波段红外焦平面列阵方面所做的研究工作.在工艺上,该实验室采用的是通过分子束外延法在晶格匹配的高质量CdZnTe衬底上生长的HgCdTe多层掺杂异质结构.器件的结构是n+ppn,而且在空间上是相干的.长波层是一个平面状的n+/p二极管,它是通过离子注入制成的,而波长较短的p-n二极管则是在分子束外延过程中通过掺铟在原位制成的.最后一个结是通过台面蚀刻而被隔离的,探测器通过铟丘与一个读出效率接近100%的读出电路互连.每个像元有一个或两个铟丘,用来按序或者同时访问两个波长,探测器的间距分别为50μm和60μm.每个波段中的单元探测器所呈现的性能接近用标准工艺制作的单色探测器的性能.为了优化双波段红外焦平面列阵的性能,LETI红外实验室专门为这种列阵设计了一种硅CMOS读出电路.本文介绍了128×128元(间距为50μm)中波红外(2μm～5μm)双色焦平面列阵在77K温度处操作时的光电性能.     

百万像素胶体量子点中波红外焦平面阵列成像技术（特邀）

红外探测及成像具有广泛用途,在红外制导、夜视侦察、安防监控及危化品探测等方面发挥了重要作用。现有红外成像焦平面大多由碲镉汞、二类超晶格、锑化铟等块体半导体材料制成,通过倒装键合的方法实现块体材料与硅基读出电路的信号传输。倒装键合对准困难、操作复杂、对设备依赖性较强,难以满足焦平面阵列规模不断增加和像元尺寸不断减小的制备需求。为解决红外焦平面阵列规模提升的瓶颈,采用碲化汞胶体量子点,通过液相旋涂的方法,突破倒装键合限制,实现硅基读出电路直接片上集成。所制备焦平面阵列规模达1280×1024,像元间距为15μm,80 K工作温度下探测截止波长为4.8μm,响应非均匀性为9%,有效像元率为99.96%,最低噪声等效温差达30 mK,展现了良好的成像性能。     

128x128元InAs/GaSb II类超晶格红外焦平面探测器

报道了128×128元InAs/GaSb Ⅱ类超晶格红外焦平面阵列探测器的研究成果.实验采用分子束外延技术在GaSb衬底上生长超晶格材料.红外吸收区结构为13 ML(InAs)/9 ML(GaSb),器件采用PIN结构,焦平面阵列光敏元大小为40μm×40μm.通过台面形成、侧边钝化和金属电极生长,以及与读出电路互连等工艺,得到了128×128面阵长波焦平面探测器.在77 K时测试,器件的100%截止波长为8μm,峰值探测率6.0×109cmHz1/2W-1.经红外焦平面成像测试,探测器可得到较为清晰的成像.     

Submillimeter wave communication versus millimeter wave communication

This paper studies the performance of a submillimeter wave antenna operating between frequencies 0.1 THz and 10 THz with a 4-cyano-4-pentylbiphenyl [5CB] substrate. Since the size and shape of the antenna impact its gain/directivity, resonant frequency, bandwidth, and efficiency, the two antenna types considered in this paper are: (a) Rectangular Patch Antenna (RPA), and (b) Cylindrical Dielectric Resonator Antenna (CDRA). Here a submillimeter wave antenna is compared with a millimeter wave (a few GHz to 100 GHz) antenna. These popular mm-wave antennas are chosen for the submillimeter wave antenna in order to understand changes in their performance as the result of changes in their geometrical shape. FEldberechnung bei Korpern mit beliebiger Oberflache (FEKO) software is used for the design and calculation of the Three-Dimensional (3D) ElectroMagnetic (EM) patterns. This paper also concentrates on the design and analysis of a massive submillimeter wave Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) (8 by 8) RPA and CDRA.     

Nonlinear wave propagation in traveling–wave amplifiers

A method is given for computing the efficiency of traveling-wave amplifiers with high gain and low C, including the effects of space charge and attenuation. The ballistics of the electrons is governed by the Boltzmann transport equation which, together with the circuit equation, is solved in a power series expansion of the input voltage. Only the first two terms of this series are computed and various nonlinear results are given in the form of curves. It appears that for small C and small convergence parameters, overtaking affects the nonlinear operation slightly.     

波浪浮标测波方法比较

波浪浮标是一种无人值守,自动检测的常用的海洋监测设备。在介绍国内外波浪浮标研究使用现状的基础上,对比分析了基于加速度传感器和GPS传感器的两种波浪浮标的共同点和不同点。     

Shielded rectangular dielectric wave guides for millimeter wave integrated circuits

The dispersion characteristics of Insulated non-radiative dielectric guides are computed using mode matching technique. From the dispersion characteristics the dielectric loss conductor loss and wave impedances are derived. Effect of metallic walls on trapped insulated image guide are also discussed. The dimensions of Insulated non radiative dielectric guide are same as that of rectangular metallic wave guide at ka band.     

Magnetostatic wave convolvers

The present paper reviews recent theoretical results, and reports initial experimental results, on the convolution of contra-propagating magnetostatic forward volume waves (MSFVWs), in the form of cw signals or time-limited cw pulses, in an epitaxial yttrium iron garnet (YIG) film. Computations of the convolver bilinearity factorF _int indicate an efficient convolution process over a wide bandwidth, with values ofF _int that are of the same order as, or better than, the reported experimental results for MSW convolution in a YIG cylindrical or plate geometry. The values of F_int determined experimentally are in excellent agreement with theory. These results are of interest to microwave system developers particularly if bandwidths of 1 GHz or larger can be realized in practice. A limiting feature of magnetostatic wave (MSW) convolvers is that the maximum delay time of a delay line that is realizable without excessive insertion loss is in the order of 0.5s. The advantage of MSW convolvers, of course, lies in their ability to perform signal processing directly at microwave frequencies, and in applications such as electronic warfare the advantageously large bandwidths would mitigate the limitations in delay time.This work was supported in part by a contract from the AIL Division of the Eaton Corporation.     

矩形波导中电磁波传输特性研究

本文基于功率流分别讨论了在矩形波导横截面积一定,TEm0和TMmn模式单独传输时,宽长尺寸比的最优解问题,得到了TEm0波传播时,其宽长比应趋近于0;TMmn波传播时,m＜n,仅TM12的宽长比为1;m≥n,宽长比为n/m.所得结果对矩形波导尺寸的选择和设计有潜在的应用价值.     

Log-domain wave filters

A systematic method for designing log-domain wave filters is presented. Wave filters simulate topologically and functionally passive doubly terminated LC ladder prototype filters of low sensitivity. The design in the log-domain is based on a transposition of the signal flow graph (SFG) that corresponds to the wave equivalent of elementary two-port blocks in the linear domain, to the corresponding log-domain SFG. This is achieved by using an appropriate set of complementary operators, in order to preserve the linear operation of the whole circuit. Simulation results of a fifth-order low-pass and a fourth-order bandpass log-domain wave filter are given, using HSPICE. The proposed circuits are suitable for low-voltage operation and in high-frequency applications.     

Guided wave optics

Phenomena associated with the propagation and manipulation of light in thin-film dielectric waveguides are presently the object of considerable research effort, directed toward possible applications in communications and information processing. The theory of dielectric waveguide modes is reviewed, and the topics of directional coupling, input-output coupling, modulation, and distributed feedback laser sources are treated on the basis of coupled-mode theory. A summary of experimental results for each of the guided-wave optical phenomena covered by the theory is also presented.