卫星移动通信信道模型研究及仿真分析

讨论了三种卫星移动通信信道概率模型的特性,对其应用环境及条件进行了分析;并对不同地理环境的信道模型进行了计算机仿真。仿真得到的结论对估算系统的性能指标和链路分析都有一定的意义,对预测各种调制方式以及纠错码方案对系统误码率的影响具有一定的实用价值。     

The BMLA/LS technique and its application in A mobile satellite communication channel

The burst mode link analyser with least squares algorithm (BMLA/LS) is a real-time impulse or frequency response extraction (IRE/FRE) technique of a satellite communication channel, originated and explored by the author. This paper summarizes some key technical points of the BMLA/LS and presents its novel simulation results and applications in a land-mobile DBPSK/DQPSK satellite channel at K_a-band, including the channel additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) effect on IRE/FRE by BMLA/LS, and the instantaneous IRE/FRE in a Rician channel with multi-path reflection, in a shadowed channel by trees and in a combinational fading channel, and their comparisons and conclusions.     

有效的Ka波段移动卫星信道综合模型研究

为了更加准确地描述卫星移动通信信道的衰落特性,提出了一种新的Ka波段卫星移动通信信道综合模型。首先在分析移动卫星信道传播特性的基础上,考虑多径衰落、阴影遮蔽及天气影响等因素,建立了服从Gaussian分布的大气空间模型,推导出服从Rice、Rayleigh和Lognormal联合分布的地面信道模型。然后利用卫星信道环境中大气空间部分与地面部分对信道特性的影响是彼此相互独立的性质,提出了一种在大气空间持续影响下的移动卫星信道衰落特性综合模型。并就不同天气条件和不同阴影遮蔽程度下,综合模型的误码率特征与系统误码率理论上限进行仿真对比,得出了相一致的结果,验证了该信道综合模型的合理性和正确性。     

Ka频段卫星通信网传播衰落效应研究

Ka频段卫星作为未来卫星通信发展的主要频段，但其面临的信道衰落是比较严重的，因此对信道传播衰落效应进行研究是十分必要的。本文在对Ka频段卫星通信的信道模型分析的基础上，利用分析法导出了相干BPSK信号在Ka频段的系统性能，并进行仿真，得出了明确的结论。     

Analytical evaluation of average bit error rate for the land mobile satellite channel

An analytical solution is presented showing the average bit error probability for the land mobile satellite channel. The channel is modelled as Rice and Rayleigh—lognormal fading. Modulation schemes under consideration include differentially detected PSK and non-coherently detected FSK. Results indicate that the receiver performance is highly dominated by the time share of shadowing. The ratio of the BERs in shadowed and unshadowed areas of typical measured channels and an operating point assumed to be at E_s/N_o = 10 dB is of the order of 10^?2.     

卫星衰落信道分析与建模

在研究分析传统Rayleigh信道和Rice信道抽头时延模型的基础上,采用两条多径路线代替传统模型,提出一个具有确定数学表达式的简化卫星信道模型,只需对该模型中的两个参数取适当的取值,就可以得到不同的衰落强度和衰落中心频率的卫星信道.理论和仿真结果表明,当时延τ=.63ns,β=0.75时,可以获得的最大衰落幅度为10...     

卫星移动通信信道模型和误码率特性分析

在对卫星移动信道传输特性统计模型研究分类的基础上，给出了适合卫星移动信道的部分阴影扩展模型。用试验和修正的方法给出了模型参数，得到的模型适用于非静止轨道变仰角信道，分析了非静止轨道卫星通信系统窄带调制和宽带扩频调制的误码率性能，得到了有意义的结论。     

Performance of a turbo‐coded CDMA system in a mobile satellite channel

The bit error rate (BER) performance of a turbo‐coded code‐division multiple‐access (CDMA) system operating in a satellite channel is analysed and simulated. The system performance is compared for various constituent decoders, including maximum a posteriori probability (MAP) and Max‐Log‐MAP algorithms, and the soft‐output Viterbi algorithm. The simulation results indicate that the Max‐Log‐MAP algorithm is the most promising among these three algorithms in overall terms of performance and complexity. It is also shown that, for fixed code rate, the BER performance is improved substantially by increasing the number of iterations in the turbo decoder, or by increasing the interleaver length in the turbo encoder. The results in this paper are of interest in CDMA‐based satellite communications applications. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

A BER-Based Partitioned Model for a 2.4GHz Vehicle-to-Vehicle Expressway Channel

Statistical channel models based on BER performance are presented for a frequency- and time-selective vehicle-to-vehicle wireless communications link in an expressway environment in Atlanta, Georgia, where both vehicles traveled in the same direction. The models are developed from measurements taken using the direct sequence spread spectrum (DSSS) technique at 2.45GHz. A collection of tapped delay line models, referred to as a “partitioned” model in the paper, is developed to attempt to capture the extremes of BER performance of the recorded channel. Overall and partition models are compared to the recorded channel in terms of the BER statistics obtained when the channels are inserted in a dedicated short range radio (DSRC) standard simulation system. The quality of the match between synthesized and recorded channel BER statistics is analyzed with respect to type of modulation (fixed or adaptive), the frame length, and the length of the interval over which the BER was calculated. Guillermo Acosta was born in Mexico City, Mexico, in 1962. He is a Ph.D. Candidate and a graduate research assistant in the School of Electrical and Computer Engineering at the Georgia Institute of Technology, in Atlanta, Georgia. He obtained his Bachelor of Engineering with Honors and Master of Engineering, both in Electrical Engineering, from Stevens Institute of Technology, Hoboken, New Jersey, in 1985 and 1987, respectively. He also obtained a Master of Business Administration with Honors from the Instituto Tecnologico Autonomo de Mexico (ITAM), Mexico City, Mexico, in 1996. Mr. Acosta has held technical and managerial positions in the recording, radio, and TV industries and in the Communications Ministry of Mexico. He has been an adjunct instructor in Electrical Engineering in the Instituto Tecnologico y Estudios Superiores de Monterrey Campus Estado de Mexico (ITESM-CEM) and the Universidad Iberoamericana. He is member of the IEEE, INCE, Tau Beta Pi, and Eta Kappa Nu. Mary Ann Ingram received the B.E.E. and Ph.D. degrees from the Georgia Institute of Technology, in Atlanta, Georgia, in 1983 and 1989, respectively. From 1983 to 1986, she was a Research Engineer with the Georgia Tech Research Institute in Atlanta, performing studies on radar electronic countermeasure (ECM) systems. In 1986, she became a graduate research assistant with the School of Electrical and Computer Engineering at the Georgia Institute of Technology, where in 1989, she became a Faculty Member and is currently Professor. Her early research areas were optical communications and radar systems. In 1997, she established the Smart Antenna Research Laboratory (SARL), which emphasizes the application of multiple antennas to wireless communication systems. The SARL performs system analysis and design, channel measurement, and prototyping, relating to a wide range of wireless applications, including wireless local area network (WLAN) and satellite communications, with focus on the lower layers of communication networks. Dr. Ingram is a Senior Member of the IEEE.     

Performance of Multiple-Access DCSK Communication over a Multipath Fading Channel with Delay Spread

The bit error rate (BER) performances of variant delay multiple-access differential chaos-shift keying (VDMA-DCSK) communication systems over a multipath fading channel with delay spread are investigated. The BER formula of the VDMA-DCSK over the fading channel is evaluated. A two-ray Rayleigh fading channel model is used to simulate the VDMA-DCSK system. The theoretical and simulation results are presented and they match each other, which supports the theoretical analysis. The multipath performance of the VDMA-DCSK is compared with that of a benchmark coherent MA-CSK system and with that of an invariant delay MA-DCSK system. The results show that in the multipath fading channel with delay spread environment the VDMA-DCSK system performance decreases least.     

卫星通信中的高阶调制技术研究

总结了卫星通信协议GMR-1、DVB中的高阶调制技术,研究了16QAM、16APSK、32APSK调制原理,分析了卫星信道模型,利用Matlab分别搭建AWGN信道和Rician-K信道下各高阶调制信号的收发,得到不同的调制方式在不同信道或在不同衰落因子同一信道下的误码性能。本文的仿真结果对实际卫星通信系统采用高阶调制技术有着一定的借鉴意义。     

Performances of 16QAM with fading compensation and postdetection diversity reception in satellite mobile channels

This paper studies the effects of N-branch postdetection selection diversity reception, where N = 1, 2, 3 or 4, incorporated with fading compensation on a digital satellite mobile system. The digital satellite mobile system transmits a pilot-symbol-aided 16-ary quadrature-amplitude modulated (PSA-16QAM) signal over the Rician channels. A selection method that makes use of the pilot symbols to select one of the N branches in the diversity reception system for signal detection, and a novel PSA technique that makes use of both the pilot symbols and data symbols for fading compensation, are proposed. Computer simulation tests are used to assess the effects of the proposed techniques on bit-error rate performances (BER) of the PSA-16QAM system in the presence of additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) or co-channel interference (CCI) in the Rician faded channels. When frequency diversity is used, PSA-16QAM with 2-branch and 4-branch diversity reception occupies about the same bandwidths as quaternary phase-shift-keying (QPSK) without using diversity and with 2-branch diversity, respectively, yet achieving the same capacity. Thus, simulation tests on the BER performances of a QPSK system without diversity and with 2-branch diversity are also carried out and the results are used to determine the preferred system arrangements. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

阴影衰落信道下多波束卫星移动通信系统的动态信道分配策略

针对已有动态信道分配策略在阴影衰落环境中性能损失较大的问题,对卫星移动通信系统的阴影衰落信道模型进行分析,提出了一种动态信道分配策略。该策略结合用户的运动状态,通过在用户的预测运动轨迹上选取抽样点,将这些抽样点的平均干扰作为信道分配的指标,并采用链路质量约束避免了流量较大时的性能恶化。仿真结果表明提出的动态信道策略可在不增大阻塞率的前提下,在中低流量时将用户平均信噪比提高约0.5 dB。该策略可以应用于阴影衰落信道下的地面移动卫星通信系统,以提高用户的平均链路性能。     

一种多载波MFSK信道编码方案

目前随着硬件和编码技术的提升,逐渐成熟的多载波技术在通信过程中得到广泛的推广和应用。为了在较严重的多径衰落条件下获取更高的频谱利用效率,采用静态多抽头信道建模的方式对无线信号传播进行模拟。以信道冲击响应数据的误码率作为分析基础,设计了一种引进正交频分复用及多天线技术概念进行改良的多载波MFSK编码方案,并验证了在多径衰落条件下的频谱使用效率及误码率,从而证明了该方案在提高频谱效率方面的可行性。     

Ka频段卫星通信信道建模及系统性能仿真

本文给出了卫星通信系统设计,建模和仿真的一般方法,重点是Ka频段卫星通信信道的建模及仿真,我们首先分析了Ka频段卫星通信信道的统计特性,建立了信道的统计模型,然后在此基础上建立了Ka频段卫星通信信道及系统的仿真模型,并进行了系统性能的仿真,最后利用分析法分析推导了相干BPSK信号在Ka频段的系统性能,并与仿真结果进行了比较,得出了有用的结论。     

卫星IP通信网设计技术

卫星通信网用于传输IP业务时面临一些特有的问题。论述了卫星通信特有的长延时和误码特性对各种IP业务的影响并给出了一些切实可行的解决办法;着重阐述卫星IP通信网设计时,如何进行路由协议选择、提高卫星信道利用率、广播风暴、备份信道切换路由问题以及关注IP信道质量如何衡量等问题,给出了每个问题的解决办法和一些切实可行的措施,对有些问题专门做了研究试验,提供了一些试验测试数据、曲线和有关示意图。     

Particle filtering based autoregressive channel prediction model

A particle filtering based AutoRegressive (AR) channel prediction model is presented for cognitive radio systems. Firstly, this paper introduces the particle filtering and the system model. Secondly, the AR model of order p is used to approximate the flat Rayleigh fading channels; its stability is discussed, and an algorithm for solving the AR model parameters is also given. Finally, an AR channel prediction model based on particle filtering and second-order AR model is presented. Simulation results show that the performance of the proposed AR channel prediction model based on particle filtering is better than that of Kalman filtering.     

A New Connection Admission Control for Spotbeam Handover in LEO Satellite Networks

Frequent spotbeam handovers in low earth orbit (LEO) satellite networks require a technique to decrease the handover blocking probabilities. A large variety of schemes have been proposed to achieve this goal in terrestrial mobile cellular networks. Most of them focus on the notion of prioritized channel allocation algorithms. However, these schemes cannot provide the connection-level quality of service (QoS) guarantees. Due to the scarcity of resources in LEO satellite networks, a connection admission control (CAC) technique becomes important to achieve this connection-level QoS for the spotbeam handovers. In this paper, a geographical connection admission control (GCAC) algorithm is introduced, which estimates the future handover blocking performance of a new call attempt based on the user location database, in order to decrease the handover blocking. Also, for its channel allocation scheme, an adaptive dynamic channel allocation (ADCA) scheme is introduced. By simulation, it is shown that the proposed GCAC with ADCA scheme guarantees the handover blocking probability to a predefined target level of QoS. Since GCAC algorithm utilizes the user location information, performance evaluation indicates that the quality of service (QoS) is also guaranteed in the non-uniform traffic pattern.     

Estimation of the error performance objectives for satellite communication systems

We consider the physical layer error performance parameters and design criteria for digital satellite systems established by ITU‐R Recommendation S.1062, where the performance objectives are given in terms of the bit error rate (BER) divided by the average number of errors within a cluster. It is well known that errors on satellite links employing forward error correction (FEC) schemes tend to occur in clusters. The resulting block error rate is the same as if it was caused by randomly occurring bit errors with an error‐event ratio of BER/α, where α is the average number of errors within a cluster. The factor, α, accounts for the burstiness of the errors and also represents the ratio between the BER and the error‐event ratio. This paper proposes theoretical methods to estimate the factor, α. Using the weight distributions of the FEC codes, we derive a set of expressions for the factor, α, as well as their compact lower bounds. We present lower bounds for various FEC schemes including binary BCH codes, block turbo codes, convolutional codes, and turbo codes. The simulation results show that the proposed lower bounds are good estimates in the high signal‐to‐noise ratio region. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Turbo乘积码在衰落信道中的应用

基于Turbo乘积码的编译码原理,利用Matlab仿真工具,对以(64,57,4)扩展汉明码为子码的Turbo乘积码进行迭代次数、量化比特数等不同参数的性能仿真,根据仿真结果选取最佳的设计参数,同时通过仿真给出了Turbo乘积码在衰落信道中的应用效果。结合Matlab仿真,在Quartus环境中完成编译码算法的硬件设计与调试,并将其应用到无线通信调制解调器中。测试结果表明,Turbo乘积码显著改善了调制解调器在衰落信道中的误码性能。