Gist特征和概率协从表示的人脸识别算法

为了进一步提高基于协从表示的人脸识别系统的 性能,在概率协从表示(ProCRC)算法和字典学习的基础上提出了一 种基于Gist特征和ProCRC的GL-PCRC人脸识别算法。首先提取每副人脸图像的G ist特征,再把人脸图像的Gist 特征采用线性判别算法(LDA)方法投影到最优判别子空间,使得到的LDA特征拥有最小的类内 离散度以及最大的类间离散度;然后利用 LC-KSVD方法对LDA特征进行迭代训练从而得到新的学习字典;继而通过ProCRC算法快 速得到稀疏系数;最后通过计算测 试样本属于各个类别的概率进行分类。分别在ORL和扩展的YaleB人脸库上进行实验检测的 结果表明,与传统的协从表示方法 相比,本文给出的方案可以使人脸识别系统的性能得到显著的提升。     

基于图像隶属度的主分量分析人脸识别算法

提出了基于图像隶属度的主分量人脸识别算法.该算法首先用小波变换对人脸图像进行小波分解,形成低频小波子图,然后用主分量分析法构造特征脸子空间.计算训练样本和待测样本在人脸特征空间中的投影向量间的距离.引入图像隶属函数,作为识别分类器进行人脸识别.针对ORL人脸库的实验结果表明该方法具有良好的识别分离能力.     

基于本征空间的多姿态人脸识别方法

多姿态人脸识别是目前人脸识别中的难点,已有方法的识别率普遍不是很高.利用PCA对不同姿态的人脸分别建立特征子空间,将待识别人脸图像向相应的特征子空间投影的方法,可以提高多姿态人脸的识别率.实验结果表明,该方法对样本多姿态的人脸图像识别率可以达到97%.     

采用双字典协作稀疏表示的光照及表情顽健人脸识别

提出一种采用小波变换(WT)及双字典协作稀疏表示分类(CSRC)的人脸识别方法-WT-CSRC.WT-CSRC首先利用PCA(主成分分析)将小波分解后的人脸高频细节子图融合成高频细节图像;然后用PCA分别对人脸低频图像和高频细节图像进行特征提取,构造低频和高频特征空间,并用训练样本在两种特征空间上的投影集构造低频字典和高频字典;最后将测试样本在两种字典上进行稀疏表示,并引入互相关系数以增强人脸识别的可靠性,实现了人脸的协作分类.实验结果表明,提出的方法提高了人脸识别率,对光照变化及表情变化具有较强的顽健性,并且具有较高的时间效率.     

2DPCA-ICA算法在人脸识别中的应用

传统独立元分析(Independent Component Analysis,ICA)用于人脸识别首先是将人脸图像矩阵转换成向量求白化矩阵,然后利用快速固定点算法求分离矩阵,获得人脸图像独立基子空间,从而实现人脸识别.二维主元分析(Two-dimensional Principle Component Analysis,2DPCA)无须将人脸图像矩阵转换成向量,直接利用二维人脸图像矩阵求协方差矩阵,其特征值与特征向量的计算得到简化.本文结合2DPCA与ICA算法的特点,提出2DPCA-ICA人脸识别算法.该方法通过2DPCA算法计算白化矩阵;接着利用ICA算法获得人脸图像的独立元;然后构造独立基子空间;最后依据测试样本在独立基子空间上的投影特征实现人脸识别.基于ORL与Yale人脸数据库的实验结果表明,2DPCA-ICA算法正确识别率与识别效率均高于PCA-ICA算法与2DPCA算法,是一种有效的人脸识别方法.     

基于鱼眼摄像头的一种人脸识别技术

针对普通人脸识别算法无法准确处理360°环境下的人脸信息,提出一种基于鱼眼摄像头的人脸识别技术。首先提取摄像头中的实时信息图像,根据球面投影校正的原理得到多方向的平面透视图;运用深度学习中的卷积神经网络提取校正后的全景图像中的人脸特征,从而与数据库中人脸特征比对,得出结果。算法增加了人脸识别技术的应用场景和范围,提升了人脸识别技术的处理能力。最后的实验结果证明了此方法的有效性。     

采用新型纹理特征的2DLDA人脸识别算法

针对现有基于纹理特征的人脸识别算法中纹理特征维数偏大且对噪声较敏感等不足,提出了用于描述人脸图像大尺度局部特征的中心四点二元模式（Center Quad Binary Pattern, C-QBP）和用于描述图像小尺度局部特征的简化四点二元模式（Simplified Quad Binary Pattern, S-QBP）两种互补的新型纹理特征。在此基础上,实现基于新型纹理特征的2DLDA人脸识别算法。首先对人脸图像进行多级分割,再对所产生的图像块提取C-QBP和S-QBP纹理特征,构建纹理特征矩阵。最后,采用2DLDA子空间学习算法实现基于新型纹理特征的人脸识别。实验结果表明,本文所提出的人脸识别算法的识别率明显高于其他基于纹理特征和子空间学习的人脸识别算法。当每一类训练样本数统一设置为5,特征维数为48×4时,在ORL人脸库上,本文所提出的人脸识别算法的识别率达98.68%;在YALE人脸库上,特征维数为48×36时,识别率达99.42%;在FERET人脸库上,特征维数为48×26时,识别率为91.73%。      

基于稀疏表示的人脸姿态估计研究

针对人脸光照、遮挡、身份、表情等因素变化的人脸姿态估计难题,结合稀疏表示分类(SRC)方法的优秀识别性能,对SRC理论进行了深入分析,并将其应用于人脸姿态分类.为了解决姿态估计中人脸光照、噪声和遮挡变化问题,将人脸姿态离散化为不同的子空间,每个子空间对应一个类别,据此,提出基于字典学习与稀疏约束的人脸姿态识别方法.通过在公开的XJTU和PIE人脸库上实验表明:所研究的方法对人脸光照、噪声和遮挡变化具有鲁棒性.     

一种快速张量分解算法及其在人脸识别中的应用

基于张量代数的人脸识别技术对姿态、光照和表情的变化具有很好的鲁棒性.本文在高阶奇异值分解的基础上,提出了一种基于特征空间的快速张量分解算法.首先使用传统的子空间学习方法对观测图像进行降维,然后在低维的特征空间对训练数据进行张量分解.通过在Weizmann人脸数据库上进行人脸识别实验,验证了本文方法的有效性.     

基于多分类投影极速学习机的快速人脸识别方法

提出了一种基于多分类投影极速学习机的快速人脸识别方法.首先采用2DGabor小波提取所有人脸样本图像的人脸特征,然后将学习样本的人脸特征用于训练多分类投影向量机,最后将训练好的多分类投影极速学习机用于分类.采用CMU-PIE和ORL人脸数据库进行了对比实验,大量实验结果证实所提方法的识别正确率和速度均优于极速学习机和支持向量机方法.     

一种基于自适应核字典学习的SAR目标识别方法

提出一种基于自适应核字典学习的合成孔径雷达（synthetic aperture radar，SAR）目标识别方法.该方法首先将SAR图像的特征信息通过核函数映射到高维度的核空间中并进行字典学习；然后根据更新后的字典动态计算稀疏度；最后依据最小重构误差准则实现SAR目标识别.在公开数据集MSTAR上的仿真实验结果表明，该方法提取到的特征信息可分度高，对SAR目标的识别具有较好的性能.     

Sparse Representation with Optimized Learned Dictionary for Robust Voice Activity Detection

Traditionally, most of voice activity detection (VAD) methods are based on speech features such as spectrum, temporal energy, and periodicity. The robustness of these features plays a critical role on the performance of VAD. However, since these features are always directly generated from observed signal, the robustness of these features would be significantly degraded in non-stationary noise environments, especially at low level signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) condition. This paper proposes a kind of robust feature for VAD based on sparse representation with an optimized learned dictionary. To do so, a speech dictionary and a noise dictionary are first learned from speech corpus and noise corpus, respectively. Then an optimization algorithm is designed to reduce the mutual coherence between the two learned dictionaries. After that the proposed feature is generated from the optimized dictionary-based sparse representation, and a VAD method is derived from the proposed feature. The proposed method is evaluated over seven types of noise and four types of SNR level, experimental results show that the optimized dictionary is important for enhancing the robustness of the proposed method, and the proposed method performs well under non-stationary noise, especially at low level SNR condition.     

基于结构化稀疏表达的高分辨率光学遥感图像的船只检测

为克服近岸船只检测中复杂港内背景干扰和基于深度学习算法的大视场光学遥感图像标注工作量大的困难,本文提出了基于小样本集的结构化稀疏表达方法来实现近岸船只检测的算法。构建由近岸船只目标,背景干扰信息和误差矩阵等三部分子字典组成的结构化稀疏表达字典,经小样本集的字典训练过程生成判别性稀疏编码。首先将多方向近岸船只目标样本与港内复杂背景信息样本经过HOG特征提取和PCA分析对原子进行初始化,然后使用K-SVD和LASSO算法对字典进行训练。在字典中引入误差矩阵对样本的类内差异进行表示,增强了稀疏编码的判别能力和系统鲁棒性。最后提出船只目标区域提取的置信度计算方法,对生成的结构化稀疏编码进行判别,提取船只目标区域,实现船只检测。通过对不同尺寸字典模型、引入误差矩阵前后的结构化稀疏表达模型进行实验,实验结果表明提出的引入误差矩阵的结构化稀疏表达方法的有效性,以及在小样本集下比现有技术方法具有更好的检测性能。      

自适应邻域选取的邻域嵌入超分辨率重建算法

在邻域嵌入超分辨率重建算法中,训练和重建过程均在特征空间进行的,因此,特征选择对算法的性能具有较大的影响。另外,大多数基于邻域嵌入算法对训练得到的样本库未经测试直接使用,使得邻域选择具有“盲目”性。考虑到特征选择的重要性以及避免邻域选择的盲目性,本文提出了一种新的邻域嵌入超分辨率重建算法。第一步:利用专家矢量场模型估计出输入图像的全局图像;第二步:利用邻域嵌入算法重建残差图像。在重建残差图像的过程中,首先将图像分成若干子块并利用线性滤波器提取特征;然后,将训练图像分成两组,第一组训练得到高、低分辨率重建样本库,第二组对重建样本库测试,得到邻域选择库;最后,自适应的选择输入图像子块的邻域数目,并利用重建样本库重建。仿真实验结果表明,相比其他基于邻域嵌入算法,提出算法可以重建更多的细节信息和锐利的边缘,重建得到的高分辨率图像具有较高的主客观质量。      

电磁场在矢量波函数空间的完全射影定理

证明了广义的亥姆赫兹定理－电磁场在矢量波函数的完全射影定理。在这一定理中每一个任意的电磁矢量函数都可以在矢量波函数空间中被唯一地分离成三个独立的分量,每一个分量都可以用一个标量函数来表示。     

Learning Sparse Overcomplete Codes for Images

Images can be coded accurately using a sparse set of vectors from a learned overcomplete dictionary, with potential applications in image compression and feature selection for pattern recognition. We present a survey of algorithms that perform dictionary learning and sparse coding and make three contributions. First, we compare our overcomplete dictionary learning algorithm (FOCUSS-CNDL) with overcomplete independent component analysis (ICA). Second, noting that once a dictionary has been learned in a given domain the problem becomes one of choosing the vectors to form an accurate, sparse representation, we compare a recently developed algorithm (sparse Bayesian learning with adjustable variance Gaussians, SBL-AVG) to well known methods of subset selection: matching pursuit and FOCUSS. Third, noting that in some cases it may be necessary to find a non-negative sparse coding, we present a modified version of the FOCUSS algorithm that can find such non-negative codings. Efficient parallel implementations in VLSI could make these algorithms more practical for many applications.     

Semantic-aware visual attributes learning for zero-shot recognition

Zero-shot learning (ZSL) aims to recognize unseen image classes without requiring any training samples of these specific classes. The ZSL problem is typically achieved by building up a semantic embedding space like attributes to bridge the visual features and class labels of images. Currently, most ZSL approaches focus on learning a visual-semantic alignment from seen classes using only the human-designed attributes, and then ZSL problem is solved by transferring semantic knowledge from seen classes to the unseen classes. However, few works indicate if the human-designed attributes are discriminative enough for image class prediction. To address this issue, we propose a semantic-aware dictionary learning (SADL) framework to explore these discriminative visual attributes across seen and unseen classes. Furthermore, the semantic cues are elegantly integrated into the feature representations via learned visual attributes for recognition task. Experiments conducted on two challenging benchmark datasets show that our approach outweighs other state-of-the-art ZSL methods.     

Supervised within-class-similar discriminative dictionary learning for face recognition

The current study puts forward a supervised within-class-similar discriminative dictionary learning (SCDDL) algorithm for face recognition. Some popular discriminative dictionary learning schemes for recognition tasks always incorporate the linear classification error term into the objective function or make some discriminative restrictions on representation coefficients. In the presented SCDDL algorithm, we propose to directly restrict the representation coefficients to be similar within the same class and simultaneously include the linear classification error term in the supervised dictionary learning scheme to derive a more discriminative dictionary for face recognition. The experimental results on three large well-known face databases suggest that our approach can enhance the fisher ratio of representation coefficients when compared with several dictionary learning algorithms that incorporate linear classifiers. In addition, the learned discriminative dictionary, the large fisher ratio of representation coefficients and the simultaneously learned classifier can improve the recognition rate compared with some state-of-the-art dictionary learning algorithms.     

Feature discovering for image classification via wavelet-like pattern decomposition

In this paper, we propose a feature discovering method incorporated with a wavelet-like pattern decomposition strategy to address the image classification problem. In each level, we design a discriminative feature discovering dictionary learning (DFDDL) model to exploit the representative visual samples from each class and further decompose the commonality and individuality visual patterns simultaneously. The representative samples reflect the discriminative visual cues per class, which are beneficial for the classification task. Furthermore, the commonality visual elements capture the communal visual patterns across all classes. Meanwhile, the class-specific discriminative information can be collected by the learned individuality visual elements. To further discover the more discriminative feature information from each class, we then integrate the DFDDL into a wavelet-like hierarchical architecture. Due to the designed hierarchical strategy, the discriminative power of feature representation can be promoted. In the experiment, the effectiveness of proposed method is verified on the challenging public datasets.     

基于稀疏编码和集成学习的多示例多标记图像分类方法

 该文基于稀疏编码和集成学习提出了一种新的多示例多标记图像分类方法。首先,利用训练包中所有示例学习一个字典,根据该字典计算示例的稀疏编码系数;然后基于每个包中所有示例的稀疏编码系数计算包特征向量,从而将多示例多标记问题转化为多标记问题;最后利用多标记分类算法进行求解。为了提高分类器的泛化能力,对多个分类器进行集成。在多示例多标记图像数据集上的实验结果表明所提方法与其它方法相比有更好的性能。