基于级联Dense-UNet和图割的肝脏肿瘤自动分割

腹部CT图像肝脏肿瘤分割是进行肝脏疾病诊断、手术规划和放射治疗的重要前提。针对肝脏肿瘤灰度异质、纹理丰富、边界模糊等因素引起的分割困难,该文提出基于级联Dense-Unet和图割的自动精确鲁棒分割方法。首先运用级联的Dense-UNet获取肝脏肿瘤初始分割结果及感兴趣区域,然后利用图像像素级和区域级特征,分别构建可有效区分肿瘤与非肿瘤的灰度模型和概率模型,并将其融入图割能量函数,进一步精确分割感兴趣区域中的肿瘤组织。最后分别采用LiTS和3Dircadb公共数据库作为训练集与测试集进行实验,并与现有多种自动分割方法进行了比较。结果表明,提出方法可有效分割CT图像中灰度、形状、大小、位置各异的肝脏肿瘤,能提取更精确的肿瘤边界,尤其对于对比度低、边界模糊的肿瘤具有明显优势。     

基于先验形状的CV模型肝脏CT图像分割

针对目标被部分遮挡或部分信息丢失情况下CV模型不能正确识别的问题,提出一种新的分割算法。首先,利用数学形态学对原肝脏图像进行滤波,并结合其他算法建立肝脏先验形状;然后,采用边缘查找和区域标定等算法,对肝脏先验性状的边缘以及边缘内外区域进行赋值,构建执行效率高的符号函数距离函数,将其通过形状比较函数嵌入到CV模型的能量泛函中,形成新的基于先验形状的CV模型,并将此模型用于分割存在干扰或者被部分遮挡的肝脏CT图像。与CV模型分割结果相比,本文算法能在目标周围存在干扰信息或者被部分遮挡的情形下,成功地正确识别出目标区域。     

改进的Fast Marching肝脏分割方法

为提高肝脏分割效率、改善分割效果,针对传统Fast Marching(FM)方法固定参数值T对肝脏分割结果的影响,提出了一种改进的FM肝脏分割方法。根据对腹部CT图像序列的肝脏区域灰度统计信息,估算出每幅图像上肝脏区域大小,进而自适应调整FM中的到达时间参数T,有效消除传统的固定参数值对分割效率和准确率的影响。对10套腹部CT图像序列的实验结果表明,该方法能够全自动、快速、准确的分割出肝脏区域。其中,处理单副CT图像所需的平均时间为0.3s,平均准确率为97%,其高效性、准确性为临床诊断和手术导航提供了有利信息。      

区域生长全卷积神经网络交互分割肝脏CT图像

由于医疗图像质量差、对比度低、患者之间差异大导致全自动分割方法很难获得足够准确、鲁棒的结果。为了解决全自动分割方法的局限性,本文提出一种基于神经网络改进的区域生长法,并与全卷积神经网络相结合对肝脏CT图像进行交互式分割。首先对图像进行预处理,突出待分割肝脏区域;接着计算像素在不同边缘检测算子下的梯度值作为该像素的特征,形成像素特征向量训练网络:该网络以一对像素特征向量为输入,以两像素的关联度系数为输出;然后将训练好的神经网络模型作为区域生长算法的生长准则,手动交互选取一点产生分割结果;最后将分割结果作为原图的交互信息和原图灰度通道连接在一起一同输入全卷积神经网络。实验结果表明:平均Dice系数达到96.69%,像素准确率达到99.62%,平均交并比达到96.65%。不同的腹部CT图像序列中肝脏的分割结果表明,该方法能精确提取肝脏区域,满足临床应用的需求。     

基于光流场分割和Canny边缘提取 融合算法的运动目标检测

在摄像机运动的情况下,提出了一种基于光流场分割和Canny边缘算子融合技术的运动目标检测方法.这种方法可分为三步:第一步利用运动的内极线约束和C-均值聚类算法完成目标区域的分割,并获得分割图;第二步在分割图中利用Canny边缘算子获得细化的目标区域边缘图;第三步根据光流场中的流速值完成分割图和边缘图的融合,并检测出完整的运动目标.实验表明,这种方法可以有效地从复杂自然场景的图像序列中检测出完整的运动目标.     

基于水平集的热红外运动人体目标分割算法

水平集活动轮廓模型是一种优秀的图像分割方法.针对红外人体检测系统中的图像分割难题,提出了一种基于水平集活动轮廓模型的新算法.该算法包含水平集运动检测模块、水平集亮度检测模块和融合模块.水平集运动检测模块融合了水平集和背景相减技术,通过演化水平集函数同时实现前景分割和背景估计,它用于检测序列中的运动区域,并将其演化结果输入到下一检测模块.水平集亮度检测模块融合了水平集和阈值分割技术.在给出双阈值时,可分割出亮度在双阈值所限定范围内图像区域,它用于检测序列图像序列中可能包含人体目标的全部区域.利用形态学开重建技术,融合模块在融合前两个模块检测结果后输出算法最终分割结果.此外,采用快速数值算法演化水平集检测模块以及优化设置整个算法流程,改善算法运行效率.实验结果表明,相对其他典型算法,该算法具有较高分割精度和运行效率,且对时序亮度变化和镜头运动鲁棒性更好.     

基于改进的变分水平集和区域生长的图像分割方法的研究

针对水平集和区域生长方法都存在对噪声和初始边界敏感以及容易从弱边缘处泄露等不稳定的问题,提出了结合待分割目标灰度统计信息和图像梯度信息的水平集演化函数对水平集方法进行改进,并利用区域生长方法解决水平集方法对初始边界敏感的问题.分别用传统区域生长方法、阈值方法、GAC模型、C-V模型、Snake模型以及本文方法进行从腹部CT图像分割肝脏区域的实验比较,实验结果表明:本文方法不仅可以减少图像分割的时间,而且显著地提高了分割质量.     

一种基于脑部肿瘤MR图像的分割方法

针对传统的分割方法难以实现医学图像自动分割和准确分割的问题,提出了一种基于GVF Snake模型的医学图像分割方法。该方法采用Canny算子的边缘检测结果作为GVF扩散方程计算的边缘映射图,提高了GVF Snake模型的抗噪性能;用分水岭算法自动获取的轮廓作为GVF Snake模型分割的初始轮廓,降低了GVF力场计算的复杂性和分割时轮廓线的迭代次数。分析和实验结果表明,采用该方法对脑部肿瘤MR图像进行分割时,能自动准确地分割出肿瘤区域。     

基于序列间先验约束和多视角信息融合的肝脏CT图像分割

医学电子计算机断层扫描(CT)序列图像中肝脏的准确分割是实现计算机辅助肝手术的重要前提,然而图像中存在的组织病变、边界模糊或缺失、不同组织间的粘连给肝脏分割带来极大挑战。针对这些问题,该文提出一种基于图像序列间先验约束的半自动分割方法,并进一步采取了多视角信息融合的方式实现肝脏的准确分割。该方法的优势在于无需大量数据的收集和复杂的先验训练。在Sliver07公开数据集合的验证结果显示,和领域内主要方法相比,该方法具有较高的分割准确度,特别是当肝脏区域存在病灶、边界模糊或缺失的情况下具有明显提升。     

一种新的基于网格编码和区域合并的SAR图像快速分割算法

该文建立一种新的基于八邻域网格编码的SAR图像分割模型,并用区域合并技术实现了模型的快速求解。利用多方向比例边缘检测算子提取SAR图像的比例边缘强度映射(RESM),提出一种新的阈值处理方法抑制RESM均质区域内部的极小值,进而减少了对阈值处理后的RESM进行分水岭变换获得的初始分割的区域个数。递归地合并相邻区域来求取分割模型的次优解。利用区域邻接图(RAG)及其最近邻图(NNG)特性来加速区域合并过程。引入精确度(P)和召回率(R)来评价分割算法的边缘定位精度。与常用方法相比,该文方法具有高的边缘定位精度和低的时间复杂度。     

Medical image segmentation by combining graph cuts and oriented active appearance models

In this paper, we propose a novel method based on a strategic combination of the active appearance model (AAM), live wire (LW), and graph cuts (GCs) for abdominal 3-D organ segmentation. The proposed method consists of three main parts: model building, object recognition, and delineation. In the model building part, we construct the AAM and train the LW cost function and GC parameters. In the recognition part, a novel algorithm is proposed for improving the conventional AAM matching method, which effectively combines the AAM and LW methods, resulting in the oriented AAM (OAAM). A multiobject strategy is utilized to help in object initialization. We employ a pseudo-3-D initialization strategy and segment the organs slice by slice via a multiobject OAAM method. For the object delineation part, a 3-D shape-constrained GC method is proposed. The object shape generated from the initialization step is integrated into the GC cost computation, and an iterative GC-OAAM method is used for object delineation. The proposed method was tested in segmenting the liver, kidneys, and spleen on a clinical CT data set and also on the MICCAI 2007 Grand Challenge liver data set. The results show the following: 1) The overall segmentation accuracy of true positive volume fraction TPVF > 94.3% and false positive volume fraction can be achieved; 2) the initialization performance can be improved by combining the AAM and LW; 3) the multiobject strategy greatly facilitates initialization; 4) compared with the traditional 3-D AAM method, the pseudo-3-D OAAM method achieves comparable performance while running 12 times faster; and 5) the performance of the proposed method is comparable to state-of-the-art liver segmentation algorithm. The executable version of the 3-D shape-constrained GC method with a user interface can be downloaded from http://xinjianchen.wordpress.com/research/.     

Automatic liver and lesion segmentation: a primary step in diagnosis of liver diseases

Computed Tomography (CT) images are widely used for diagnosis of liver diseases and volume measurement for liver surgery and transplantation. Segmentation of liver and lesion is regarded as a major primary step in computer-aided diagnosis of liver diseases. Lesion alone cannot be segmented automatically from the abdominal CT image since there are tissues external to the liver with similar intensity to the lesions. Therefore, it is necessary to segment the liver first so that lesion can then be segmented accurately from it. In this paper, an approach for automatic and effective segmentation of liver and lesion from CT images needed for computer-aided diagnosis of liver is proposed. The method uses confidence connected region growing facilitated by preprocessing and postprocessing functions for automatic segmentation of liver and Alternative Fuzzy C-Means clustering for lesion segmentation. The algorithm is quantitatively evaluated by comparing automatic segmentation results to the manual segmentation results based on volume measurement error, figure of merit, spatial overlap, false positive error, false negative error, and visual overlap.     

基于图切割的人体运动检测

研究利用图切割对人体进行有效检测的方法.首先在色相、饱和度和亮度(HSV)颜色空间建立自适应的背景混合模型快速提取背景;然后计算差分并消除阴影;最后构造8连通网络图,使用最小切割完成目标的分割.通过实验,对单模型与混合模型背景、4连通与8连通邻域以及基于数学形态学与基于图切割的分割进行了比较.结果表明,在实际环境下,采用本方法可快速、有效和鲁棒地对人体运动进行检测,并获得干净、光滑的分割结果.     

基于灰度直方图和谱聚类的文本图像二值化方法

在自动文本提取中,经定位获得的字符区域需二值化后方能有效识别,由于背景的复杂,常用的阈值化方法不能有效分割自然环境下的字符图像。该文提出了一种基于谱聚类的图像二值化方法,该方法利用规范化切痕(Normalized cut, Ncut)作为谱聚类测度,结合灰度直方图计算相似性矩阵,并通过实验确定最佳的直方图等级数,与通常基于像素级相似矩阵相比,算法的空间复杂度和计算复杂性都大为降低。实验结果表明,针对自然场景下的字符图像,该文方法的二值化结果优于常用的阈值分割结果。     

Automated brain structure segmentation based on atlas registration and appearance models

Accurate automated brain structure segmentation methods facilitate the analysis of large-scale neuroimaging studies. This work describes a novel method for brain structure segmentation in magnetic resonance images that combines information about a structure's location and appearance. The spatial model is implemented by registering multiple atlas images to the target image and creating a spatial probability map. The structure's appearance is modeled by a classifier based on Gaussian scale-space features. These components are combined with a regularization term in a Bayesian framework that is globally optimized using graph cuts. The incorporation of the appearance model enables the method to segment structures with complex intensity distributions and increases its robustness against errors in the spatial model. The method is tested in cross-validation experiments on two datasets acquired with different magnetic resonance sequences, in which the hippocampus and cerebellum were segmented by an expert. Furthermore, the method is compared to two other segmentation techniques that were applied to the same data. Results show that the atlas- and appearance-based method produces accurate results with mean Dice similarity indices of 0.95 for the cerebellum, and 0.87 for the hippocampus. This was comparable to or better than the other methods, whereas the proposed technique is more widely applicable and robust.     

基于多尺度多结构元素的肝脏图像分割

提出了一种基于多尺度形态滤波的多结构元素的肝脏CT图像分割方法.首先,利用肝脏先验知识预测肝脏位置,执行多阈值法简化原图.然后,通过递归多尺度形态滤波和区域标记得到肝脏初始轮廓.最后,构造5个不同方向的结构元素并结合它们的多尺度形态学检测肝脏边缘.为验证本算法的正确性和通用性,选用了不同形状的肝脏图像进行实验.结果表明本文算法能够成功地完成肝脏分割.     

Automatic detection and segmentation of lymph nodes from CT data

Lymph nodes are assessed routinely in clinical practice and their size is followed throughout radiation or chemotherapy to monitor the effectiveness of cancer treatment. This paper presents a robust learning-based method for automatic detection and segmentation of solid lymph nodes from CT data, with the following contributions. First, it presents a learning based approach to solid lymph node detection that relies on marginal space learning to achieve great speedup with virtually no loss in accuracy. Second, it presents a computationally efficient segmentation method for solid lymph nodes (LN). Third, it introduces two new sets of features that are effective for LN detection, one that self-aligns to high gradients and another set obtained from the segmentation result. The method is evaluated for axillary LN detection on 131 volumes containing 371 LN, yielding a 83.0% detection rate with 1.0 false positive per volume. It is further evaluated for pelvic and abdominal LN detection on 54 volumes containing 569 LN, yielding a 80.0% detection rate with 3.2 false positives per volume. The running time is 5-20 s per volume for axillary areas and 15-40 s for pelvic. An added benefit of the method is the capability to detect and segment conglomerated lymph nodes.     

一种基于图划分的人造红外目标实时分割算法

提出一种基于图划分的实时红外目标分割方法．选用规格化划分值作为区分目标和背景的最佳阈值选取的准则．该准则联合考虑了象素的灰度信息及其空间位置信息,因而分割红外目标比常规方法更为准确可靠．文章对该算法的时间复杂性及空间复杂性进行了分析,为满足实时处理的需要,对算法进行了简化处理,并定义四种方向的领域权值矩阵,提出一种快速查表的方法有效地解决了算法的实时性问题．试验结果表明,该方法能够有效地完成红外目标的准确分割,分割性能优干传统的Otsu准则和一维熵方法,同时,采用快速实现算法大大提高了该算法实时处理能力,节省了存储空间,从而使该算法在实际中能得到有效应用．