基于低温辐射计高精度光辐射定标结果(1999和2003年)的对比研究

对1999年和2003年采用不同测量光路情况下可见光波段低温辐射计高精度光辐射定标测量结果及其不确定度进行了比较。结果表明，2003年低温辐射计激光功率测量不确定度比1999年的要小；2003年硅陷阱探测器光谱响应率测量不确定度和1999年的在同一水平上；陷阱探测器绝对光谱响应率变化在1．20%以内。这些结果证实陷阱探测器稳定性优良，光路改造合理。     

溯源于低温辐射计的1064nm波段探测器绝对光谱响应度定标

标准传递探测器在红外波段的绝对光谱响应度定标不确定度较大且难以降低,其主要影响因子是窗口透过率的测量不确定度,该项因子是由布儒斯特窗口的状态复现引入。给出了陷阱型标准传递探测器在1 064 nm波段溯源于低温绝对辐射计的定标实验过程和结果。介绍了低温辐射计新型Y型定标光路,该光路消除了低温辐射计窗口反射损耗引入的不确定性。实验测试了探测器在1 064 nm波段的线性、空间响应均匀性、稳定性和空间偏振非敏感性。结果表明:传递探测器绝对光谱响应度定标的不确定度优于0.023%,响应度重复性的实验结果表明了Y型低温辐射计定标光路改造的可行性。     

302计量站通过机电部技术鉴定

<正> 设在无锡电容器厂的机械电子工业部302计量站最近通过了机电部组织的专项技术鉴定。这次技术鉴定的主要内容是对302计量站的HP-1型大电容标准装置系统的测量准确度、长期稳定性等十项指标进行了严格的测试。测试结果均满足装置原定技术指标,其中电容量范围和测量不确定度等主要技术     

基于逐点扫描的探测器阵列靶标定系统

为分析激光发射系统的性能,需要测量激光光斑的绝对功率密度时空分布,探测器阵列靶是有效手段之一。为实现定量分析,需要对探测器阵列靶进行标定。探测器阵列靶单元数多,标定难度大,设计有效的标定系统十分重要。设计了一种新的标定系统,该系统采用逐点扫描的方式,具有适用性广、成本低、精度高等特点。并以某项目为例对标定系统的测量不确定度进行了测试分析,结果表明:可见光波段的测量不确定度为2.99%,近红外波段的测量不确定度为3.62%,中红外波段的测量不确定度为6.17%.该标定系统是探测器阵列靶标定的有效手段,值得借鉴。     

基于低温辐射计的陷阱探测器红外绝对光功率响应度的定标

采用低温辐射计在1064nm波长对两个硅陷阱探测器（trap 0#和trap B）进行绝对光功率响应度定标。描述了定标方法、实验装置和数据的分析方法,提出了低温辐射计窗口的精确复位和窗口透过率的测量方案,测量得到的透过率达到0.999以上。结果表明,两个探测器绝对响应度定标的合成不确定度分别为1.457×10-4和1.458×10-4,定标结果的重复性分别达到了0.014％和0.008％。分析了测量时各项不确定度来源,对光功率响应度定标不确定度进行了评估。最后对0＃硅陷阱探测器在1064nm波长处光功率响应度的温度稳定性进行了测试研究。     

低温绝对辐射计不同定标光路的比对实验

低温辐射计是当前光辐射功率计量的最高标准,其测量精度的评价可以通过不同低温辐射计之间的比对来完成。开展了不同定标光路的低温辐射计比对实验。实验采用中国科学院安徽光学精密机械研究所研制的陷阱探测器作为传递标准,在633 nm波段对传递探测器的光谱响应度进行了绝对标定。比对结果表明,传递探测器的绝对光谱响应度的测量一致性为3.610-3,定标总合成不确定度为3.310-4(k=1),实验结果验证了两家单位低温绝对辐射计定标系统的可靠性和高精度。     

前向散射粒径探测器测量不确定度的校准

为了对粒径探测器的测量不确定度进行校准,基于衍射原理方法,研制了一套小孔圆盘校准装置。该方法对米氏散射与夫琅禾费衍射的功率进行计算和模拟,得到了衍射针孔孔径与气溶胶粒径转换的关系。通过该转换关系,计算得到校准装置的参量,并进行了理论分析和实验验证。通过实验将标准粒子的测量不确定度传递给云粒子粒径探测器,再通过旋转针孔圆盘进行实验,将测量不确定度传递给校准装置。取得了该校准装置的校准实验数据,验证了理论分析的正确性。结果表明,该校准装置效率高、校准方案的可行性好、校准范围大、测量离散性好、重复性高。这一结果对粒径探测器的校准技术研究是有帮助的。     

集成光电探测器绝对光谱响应度的研制

分析了光电探测器的结构及光谱响应度的测试原理,基于LabVIEW图形化软件,研制了一套0.2～1.1 μm的光电探测器绝对光谱响应度测试装置.本系统采用单光路小光点标准替代法进行测量,系统组成灵活并可扩展,配合自行研制的驱动电路和采样保持电路,可以满足不同器件的需要.采用本系统对上海技物所研制的多种集成光电探测器的绝对光谱响应度进行测试,测试结果表明了系统的可行性.     

电子203服务站 ’97新建的声强等计量标准

声强标准由声源、测量传声器、放大器、动态信息分析仪及测量软件等组成。该计量标准装置具有如下特点: 1.采用双传声器的声压梯度技术,克服了粒子速度难以测量的困难。 2.在声强探头频率响应测量系统中,采用自由场比较法,排除了声源频响对测量结果的影响,提高了计量装置的准确度。该套标准装置的总不确定度小于0.31dB。     

用于探测器中红外绝对光谱响应度测量的激光源

为了实现中红外探测器绝对光谱响应度高准确度的测量,从理论和实验上研究了中红外波段激光的功率稳定性的提高和光束质量的优化方法。采用声光调制和反馈控制的方法,把中红外激光的功率稳定性提高到0.1%以内;根据高斯光束传输理论计算了所需空间滤波器的各项参数,设计了中红外空间滤波器,搭建了相应的实验装置,显著提高了中红外激光光束质量。为中红外绝对光谱响应度的高准确度测量提供了一个可靠的中红外波段激光光源。     

The Effect of Bandlimiting Filters on Probability of Error of MSK

Minimum Shift Keying (MSK) is a method of modulation which can be viewed as a special case of Frequency Shift Keying or a special form of Offset Quadrature Phase Shift Keying; therefore, it can be detected either by a discriminator or with a pair of matched filters. In the latter case, the system is optimal, provided there are no bandlimiting filters in the transmitter and receiver. These filters introduce intersymbol interference and hence degrade the performance of the system. In this paper we investigate analytically the effect of a bandlimiting filter in the receiver on the error probability of the system, presenting numerical results when that filter is of the Butterworth type. It is shown that a very simple suboptimal detector outperforms the matched filter detector so long as2W/R_{b} < 1.3, where Rbis the bit rate andWis the single sided 3 dB bandwidth of the bandlimiting filter.     

Quasi-peak detector model for a time-domain measurement system

In this paper, a quasi-peak detector mode for a time-domain electromagnetic interference (TDEMI) measurement system is described. Measurements were performed in the 30-1000-MHz range. The digital signal processing of EMI measurements can emulate in real time the modes of conventional analog equipment, e.g., peak, average, rms, and quasi-peak detector. With the presented time-domain measurement system, the measurement time can be reduced by a factor of ten. A novel signal recording routine for TDEMI measurements and quasi-peak detection is described. Measurement results obtained from the investigation of a drill machine, monitor, and laptop obtained with the TDEMI measurement system are discussed. The comparison of the results obtained with the described TDEMI measurement system and measurements performed with a conventional EMI receiver show an average deviation over the whole frequency range less than 3 dB.     

基于PSD的腔体相对位移测量方法设计

为了测量只能在侧壁安装检测装置的腔体间相对位移,设计了基于面光源的光位移传感器（PSD）位移测量系统。系统将PSD两路电信号的I-V转换、反向放大等信号调理在一片AD824处理,并采用对射式的检测方法,减小了系统体积,简化了结构设计。介绍了位移测量实现过程,并设计系统的标定工装,通过数据后处理方法减小测量误差,提高测量精度。实验结果表明,系统在30mm量程范围内线性度好,可重复性高,工作在10KHz不失真,可用于腔体振动等测量,具有很高的实用性。     

A possible concept of how present radiated emission standards could be amended in order to protect digital communication services

Present radiated emission standards are developed to protect analog communication services. Finding a new detector for electromagnetic interference (EMI) measurements with adequate weighting properties to quantify the effect of disturbance on digital communication services, is one important issue in the evolution of present radiated emission standards in order to protect digital communication services. Recent measurement and simulation results indicated that the RMS detector exhibits a response that can be correlated to the interference impact on digital communication systems that do not use error-correcting codes, or codes of block or convolutional type. In this paper, we show that this conclusion is also valid for systems using the more complicated concatenated codes. The codes investigated so far cover a representative and relevant selection of codes employed in practical digital systems. Therefore, the proposed concept to amend existing radiated emission standards is considered valid.     

光学探测系统电磁屏蔽设计与应用

光学探测系统在高功率微波系统运行造成的强辐射、强电磁干扰环境下工作,HPM产生的强电磁脉冲会通过后门耦合的方式由探测器前端光学镜头进入内部的电路系统造成光学探测系统瞬间黑屏、图像抖动、器件毁坏等现象,通过采用光学玻璃金属丝夹层的方法研制光窗,在2.4 GHz±100 MHz频段内电磁屏蔽性能达到了65 dB,同时满足探测目标的光窗透过率的要求。经过应用后表明:加载了这种电磁屏蔽光窗的光学探测系统在HPM工作时图像稳定,未受到干扰。     

Interference filters in optically written display based on up-conversion of near infrared light

The display based on up-conversion of near infrared light is a novel display. To improve the screen luminance and avoid leakage of infrared light, two multilayer interference filters are designed on the screen of the display. One is called the LP filter, having low transmittance for visible light between 400 and 800 nm, and high transmittance for infrared light between 800 and 1000 nm; the other is called the SP filter with opposite characteristics to those of the LP filter. Layer-symmetric films are used to design the filters and the conjugate gradient method is used to optimise the design. The LP and SP filters obtained have good characteristics within the whole wavelength bandwidth between 400 and 1000 nm and the incident angle range 0-20/spl deg/. The manufacturing tolerances on film thickness and refractive index are reasonably large.     

Orthogonalizing matched filtering (OMF) detector for DS-CDMA mobilecommunication systems

This paper proposes a new blind interference suppression scheme for direct-sequence code-division multiple-access (DS-CDMA) mobile communication systems. The proposed detector, the orthogonalizing matched filtering (OMF) detector, consists of a bank of despreading filters and a signal combiner. The received composite signal is first despread by the filters in the bank. The despreading filter outputs are then weighted and combined. The weight vector is adaptively determined and updated so that the average combined signal power is minimized while keeping the combiner's response to the desired signal constant. The proposed algorithm for OMF weight updating requires neither knowledge about other users' spreading sequences nor desired user's signal reference. The similarity between the proposed OMF detector and Applebaum's sidelobe canceller adaptive array is discussed in detail. Results of computer simulations are shown to demonstrate the OMF performance in various mobile communications environments     

基于FID的机动车尾气THC测量模块设计与对比实验

机动车排放的总碳氢化合物（total hydrocarbons, THC）是造成雾霾、光化学烟雾的重要原因,在城市大气污染的调查和影响人类健康的研究中,THC是必须的监测目标之一。着重开展了基于氢火焰离子化检测（hydrogen flame ionization detector, FID）的机动车尾气THC测量系统的设计和对比实验。主要介绍了FID测量THC的工作原理,根据FID的测量原理设计了机动车尾气THC测量模块。并根据离子化信号检测需求设计了微电流放大电路,满足大范围、高精度微电流信号检测的要求,获得了检测器对THC的响应峰信号。还对测量得到的THC色谱峰信号进行定性和定量的分析,通过标准曲线法计算了THC的浓度。最后结合美国的SENSORS-FID THC分析仪开展了对比实验,结果表明研发的THC测量模块检测的浓度偏高,测量偏差约为4.44%~8.43%,判断此系统误差主要为O2峰干扰。     

格兰-付科棱镜光强透射比曲线波动成因的研究

随空间入射角的连续变化,格兰-付科棱镜的光强透射比曲线会产生较大的波动。为了抑制这种波动,利用偏振光实验系统对格兰-付科棱镜的光强透射比进行了实验,并在假设棱镜空气隙间存在多光束干涉的条件下,对棱镜的光强透射比实验的过程进行了数值模拟。模拟结果和实验结果吻合的非常好。首次相对定量地给出了格兰-付科棱镜的光强透射比曲线随入射角变化而波动的根本原因。并提出了两种抑制格兰-付科棱镜光强透射比曲线波动的方法。结果表明,产生波动的原因是由于棱镜在充当检偏器的过程中,随着步进电机的转动,光束在空气隙上的入射角不断变化,引起空气隙间干涉光束光程差的变化,进而影响多光束干涉加强或减弱而产生的。曲线上的波动较大的原因来自于格兰-付科棱镜的透射光束在切割面上是入射面的s分量,其光强反射比较大的缘故。这一结果对研究具有光强透射比曲线波动抑制功能的格兰-付科棱镜是有帮助的。     

Linear and widely linear filtering applied to iterative detection of generalized MIMO signals

To suppress the co-antenna interference in multiple input multiple output (MIMO) systems, an iterative receiver with a linear detector for complex symbols is investigated. We show that the considered generalized MIMO system, i.e., a system that transmits complex conjugate repetitions in addition to the pure data, requires the application of a widely linear (wl) detector. Awl detector consists of four real filters which are represented by two complex filters for the received signal and its complex conjugate, respectively. Furthermore, we present approximations of the detector that significantly reduce computational complexity with only little loss in frame-error rate performance. Simulation results show that the proposed MIMO system achieves large gains over standard solutions.