基于传播算子的宽带谱相关测向算法

考虑宽带源波达方向（DOA）估计问题,提出了一种基于传播算子的宽带谱相关测向算法。该算法通过循环相关运算降低了噪声和干扰对估计结果的影响,通过多尺度布阵可以获得高精度无模糊二维DOA估计。此外,该算法不需要谱峰搜索,具有计算复杂度低的优点。计算机仿真验证了算法的有效性。     

单基地MIMO雷达中基于改进传播算子的二维DOA估计算法

单基地多输入多输出（Multiple input multiple output,MIMO）雷达中,针对传播算子算法在低信噪比和小快拍数环境下进行二维波达方向（Direction of arrival,DOA）估计性能下降的实际问题,提出了一种基于改进传播算子（Propagator method, PM）的二维DOA估计算法。该方法将数据共轭重构的思想应用到传播算子的估计中,借助传播算子的线性变换得到方向矩阵,由方向矩阵还原出二维波达角信息,利用矩阵变换与结构特点实现了仰角和方位角的自动配对。复杂度分析和仿真结果表明,该算法具有较低复杂度的同时,改善了传播算子算法在快拍数有限、低信噪比条件下的估计性能,实现二维DOA的自动配对。      

单快拍数据的分布式二维阵列测角方法研究

该文针对2维阵列波达方向估计问题,提出一种基于单快拍数据的分布式2维DOA估计算法。该算法首先利用每个子阵单元的单快拍数据进行2维Hankle矩阵构造;然后基于2维状态空间平衡法分别获得方位角和俯仰角子阵单元内DOA估计与子阵单元间DOA估计;最后通过解模糊算法获得方位角和俯仰角高精度无模糊DOA估计。该算法较好地解决了子阵单元内DOA估计和子阵单元间DOA估计之间的配对问题以及俯仰角和方位角之间配对问题,充分利用分布式阵列扩展阵列物理孔径特性;同时该算法可直接对相干信号和非相干信号进行处理。计算机仿真结果验证了所提算法的有效性。     

基于L型阵列酉变换矩阵重构的二维DOA估计

二维空间信号波达方向（DOA）的估计是阵列信号处理的一个关键研究问题。经典的二维 MUSIC算法固然精度高,但此算法需要二维谱峰搜索,运算较为复杂。提出一种用于L型阵列的二维DOA估计算法,通过矩阵重构使得阵列输出矩阵变为中心对称矩阵,再利用酉变换矩阵将其由复值矩阵变为实值矩阵。该方法可以直接得到目标参数,不需要谱峰搜索,使得运算量大大降低。相比于 L 型阵列适用的增广矩阵束（MEMP）算法,该算法可以估计更多信源的DOA,并能获得较高的分辨率。计算机仿真结果表明,该算法具有较高的DOA估计精度。     

一种新的去强相关信号方法的波达方向研究

波达方向估计（DOA估计）是智能天线中实现目标精确定位的关键算法。文中针对DOA估计中相干信号源的问题,提出了一种能有效解相关的关于TOPETIZE矩阵的DOA估计算法。该算法利用了阵列接收数据互相关矢量的内在关系,对噪声子空间进行处理,实现了相干源的完全解相干。该算法不牺牲阵元有效数目,同时能分辨低信噪比信号和强相关信号。仿真结果表明了该算法的有效性。     

基于约束最小冗余阵列的MIMO雷达二维波达方向估计

基于约束最小冗余线阵（RMRIA）,提出利用增广矩阵束（MEMP）算法来估计MIMO雷达的二维DOA。采用约束最小冗余线阵配置L形阵列,计算两线阵的互四阶累积量并构造增广矩阵,利用RMRLA—MEMP方法估计出二维波达方向。此方法同时利用约束最小冗余和四阶累积量阵列扩展的性质,提高了角度的估计精度,且估计过程不需要谱峰搜索,能够很好地解决MIMO雷达二维DOA估计中的相位模糊问题,仿真验证了算法的有效性。     

基于降维处理的MUSIC二维DOA估计算法

针对 MUSIC(多重信号分类法)估计方法实现二维 DOA(波达方向)估计的计算量大且遍历搜索耗时的问题,给出了一种基于降维处理的 MUSIC 算法。该算法无需进行二维谱峰值搜索。该算法利用二次优化方法将二维 DOA 估计分解为一维 DOA 估计,先通过一维 MUSIC 估计获得信号与 x 轴夹角,再利用最小二乘算法估计获得信号与 y 轴夹角。最后利用角度关系式得到信号的二维 DOA 估计值。该算法的复杂和搜索范围都大大降低,仿真表明,该算法具有较好的角度估计效果。     

基于L型和差嵌套阵的二维波达方向估计

针对传统L型均匀阵列二维波达方向（Direction of Arrival,DOA）估计中可估计信源数目受限于阵元数、分辨率低等问题,提出了一种新的L型和差嵌套阵列结构。该L型阵列的两个子阵布置相同,是非均匀的稀疏阵,通过阵元位置之间的差分、求和操作达到虚拟扩展阵元数目的效果,从而提升阵列的自由度。采用该阵列进行二维DOA估计时,两个子阵分别先进行一维的DOA估计,再采用PSCM（Pair-matching Signal Covariance Matrices）算法进行一维角度配对。每个子阵进行一维波达方向估计时,先采用VCAM（Vectorized Conjugate Augmented MUSIC）算法生成非均匀稀疏阵的求和求差协方差矩阵,再采用矩阵重构的方法恢复协方差矩阵的秩,最后对协方差矩阵采用MUSIC（Multiple Signal Classification）算法进行DOA估计。实验仿真表明,本阵列有着更高的自由度和估计精度。      

相干源二维波达方向估计

本文分析了平面阵接收信号的协方差矩阵，发现它可分解为一个广义对称矩阵与一个非广义对称矩阵之和，利用信号协方差矩阵的这一结构特征，重点研究了相干源二维波达方向（DOA）估计．该方法通过构造一个差矩阵，求出其本特征值对应的任一特征向量，利用谱函数估计相干源二维DOA．简要分析了二维DOA估计的分维处理。     

一种改进的基于传播算子的二维DOA估计算法

针对面阵中的波达方向估计算法复杂度过大的问题,提出了一种改进的基于传播算子的二维面阵波达方向（Direction of Arrival,DOA）估计算法。该改进算法基于面阵平移不变性质,将原始子面阵在X和Y轴上分别平移得到两个子面阵,将两个子面阵相加得到虚拟子面阵,利用原始子阵和虚拟子面阵构造新的信号矢量,基于传播算子算法求出其特征值,特征值中的模值和相位值包含信源的二维角度信息,由此可求出自动配对的二维角度。与基于传播算子的二维DOA估计算法相比,该算法有效降低了运算复杂度,且保持性能相近。仿真实验验证了算法的有效性。     

Reduced-Dimensional ESPRIT for Direction Finding in Monostatic MIMO Radar with Double Parallel Uniform Linear Arrays

In this paper, the issue of two-dimensional direction of arrival estimation in monostatic multiple-input–multiple-output (MIMO) radar with double parallel uniform linear arrays is studied, and an algorithm based on estimation of signal parameters via rotational invariance techniques (ESPRIT) is proposed. Through a series of reduced-dimensional transformations, the proposed algorithm has very low complexity due to the low dimension. Meanwhile, the estimation performance of the proposed algorithm is slightly improved compared to the conventional ESPRIT, especially in low signal-to-noise ratio. Furthermore, the algorithm can estimate azimuth and elevation angles without additional pair matching in monostatic MIMO radar. Error analysis of the angle estimation and Cramér–Rao bound are derived. Simulation results verify the usefulness of our algorithm.     

稀疏表示框架下无需参数配对的二维到达角估计

现有二维到达角估计算法大多基于子空间理论及需要参数配对,针对这一问题,在稀疏表示理论框架下提出了一种参数自动配对的二维到达角估计新算法。该算法在L阵列下构建阵列互相关矩阵的稀疏表示模型,利用奇异值分解降低复杂度并基于群LASSO(Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator)获得方位角估计。在方位角估计的基础上,基于向量化操作构建稀疏空间谱匹配模型,然后利用LASSO 获得俯仰角估计。与参数配对ESPRIT 和改进的传播算子方法相比,所提算法不仅无需参数配对过程,而且可以提供改进的估计精度。计算机仿真结果验证了所提算法的有效性。     

Unitary spherical esprit: 2-d angle estimation with spherical arrays for scalar fields

The authors consider the problem of two-dimensional (2-D) direction-of-arrival estimation of multiple plane waves incident on a spherical array. We propose a novel subspace technique that provides automatically paired source azimuth and elevation estimates relying on a spherical phase-mode excitation approach. The algorithm is remarkable for the low computational complexity and enhanced performance in correlated source scenarios by relying on a real beamspace approach, which allows forward?backward averaging. Moreover, the technique yields very accurate estimates by including spherical phase modes of different orders. This is demonstrated by comparing the mean error of the angle estimates obtained by spherical ESPRIT and the corresponding Cramer Rao bounds.     

非圆信号方位、俯仰及初相联合估计

该文利用双平行线阵的阵列结构,提出了用于非圆信号二维方向和初相联合估计的扩展MUSIC(EN-MUSIC)算法。EN-MUSIC算法估计得到的方位角、俯仰角与初相一一对应,自动配对,其可测向信号数大于子阵阵元数,方位及俯仰测角精度与非圆信号二维测向酉ESPRIT(2D-NC-UESPRIT)算法大致相当,优于波达方向矩阵法(DOAM)。     

Closed-form 2-D angle estimation with rectangular arrays in elementspace or beamspace via unitary ESPRIT

The UCA-ESPRIT is a closed-form algorithm developed for use in conjunction with a uniform circular array (UCA) that provides automatically paired source azimuth and elevation angle estimates. The 2-D unitary ESPRIT is presented as an algorithm providing the same capabilities for a uniform rectangular array (URA). In the final stage of the algorithm, the real and imaginary parts of the ith eigenvalue of a matrix are one-to-one related to the respective direction cosines of the ith source relative to the two major array axes. The 2-D unitary ESPRIT offers a number of advantages over other proposed ESPRIT based closed-form 2-D angle estimation techniques. First, except for the final eigenvalue decomposition of a dimension equal to the number of sources, it is efficiently formulated in terms of real-valued computation throughout. Second, it is amenable to efficient beamspace implementations that are presented. Third, it is applicable to array configurations that do not exhibit identical subarrays, e.g., two orthogonal linear arrays. Finally, the 2-D unitary ESPRIT easily handles sources having one member of the spatial frequency coordinate pair in common. Simulation results are presented verifying the efficacy of the method     

Closed-Form Blind 2D-DOD and 2D-DOA Estimation for MIMO Radar with Arbitrary Arrays

In this paper, we study the problem of four-dimensional angle estimation for bistatic multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) radar with arbitrary arrays, and propose a close-form joint two-dimensional direction of departure and two-dimensional direction of arrival estimation algorithm. Our work is to extend the estimation of signal parameters via rotational invariance techniques (ESPRIT) algorithm to angle estimation in MIMO-radar with arbitrary arrays. The algorithm can achieve automatically paired four-dimensional angles, requires no peak searching, has low complexity, and does not need to compensate for the phase. Furthermore, the proposed algorithm has much better angle estimation performance than the interpolated ESPRIT algorithm and propagator method. We also analyze and derive the complexity of the algorithm and the Cramer–Rao bound. The simulation results verify the effectiveness of the algorithm.     

互耦自由度未知柱面共形阵列多参数联合估计

在互耦自由度未知条件下给出了柱面共形阵列多参数联合估计算法。针对柱面共形阵列中多参数相互耦合的难题,首先通过阵列结构设计,利用柱面共形载体单曲率特点,构建ESPRIT子阵,基于一维搜索与ESPRIT算法,实现了互耦自由度和信源俯仰角的估计;在此基础上,结合秩损理论和互耦矩阵的Toeplitz性质,估计出信源的方位角,并对可能出现的方位角模糊进行了分析,给出解模糊方法;最后利用时域ESPRIT算法,完成了极化状态和互耦系数的联合估计。该算法不需要任何互耦和极化的先验信息,也无需参数配对,估计精度高、分辨力强。计算机Monte-Carlo仿真验证了所提算法的有效性。     

基于ADMM的低仰角目标二维DOA估计算法

针对面阵米波(VHF)雷达低仰角目标2维DOA估计问题,该文提出一种基于交替乘子法(ADMM)的快速2维DOA估计算法。该方法首先利用均匀面阵条件下方位、俯仰角无耦合的特性,将2维角度估计问题转化为两个1维角度估计问题,通过方位、俯仰维波束合成实现对目标信息提取;其次根据信号模型建立信号空域超完备表达式,利用ADMM方法完成对方位、俯仰角估计。该方法避免了2维联合估计复杂计算量,复杂度大大降低,且运算过程无需特征分解,进一步提高了运算效率。仿真结果表明了该算法的优越性。     

基于均匀圆阵的近场源三维参数估计

基于均匀圆阵,提出一种近场源距离-方位角-俯仰角联合估计算法。利用阵元观测数据,构造一组高阶累积量矩阵,通过矩阵联合对角化技术得到阵列流形矩阵的估计。根据阵列流形矩阵的估计以及近场和远场条件下方位角相同的结论,获得方位角的估计。利用阵列流形矩阵和方位角的估计,得到距离和俯仰角的估计。该方法无需二维频域峰值搜索或参数配对。计算机仿真验证了算法的有效性。     

Two-dimensional DOA estimation for acoustic vector-sensor array using a successive MUSIC

This paper discusses the problem of two-dimensional (2D) direction of arrival (DOA) estimation for acoustic vector-sensor array, and derives a successive multiple signal classification (MUSIC) algorithm therein. The proposed algorithm obtains initial estimations of the azimuth and elevation angles obtained from the signal subspace, and uses successively one-dimensional local searches to achieve the joint estimation of 2D-DOA. The proposed algorithm, which requires the one-dimension local searches, can avoid the high computational cost within 2D-MUSIC algorithm. The proposed algorithm can obtain automatically-paired 2D-DOA estimation for acoustic vector-sensor array, and it has better DOA estimation performance than propagator method, estimation of signal parameters via rotational invariance technique algorithm and trilinear decomposition algorithm. Meanwhile, it has very close angle estimation to 2D-MUSIC algorithm. Furthermore, it is suitable for non-uniform linear arrays, works well for the sources with the same azimuth angle, and imposes less constraint on the sensor spacing, which does not have to be restricted within half-wavelength. We have also derived the mean-square error of DOA estimation of the proposed algorithm and the Cramer-Rao bound of DOA estimation. Simulation results verify the usefulness of the proposed algorithm.