The 3GPP proposal for IMT-2000

Market expectations for third-generation mobile radio systems (IMT-2000) show an increasing demand for a wide range of services from voice to low, high, and advanced data rate services to support mobile multimedia. This leads to technical requirements for IMT-2000 which are currently being standardized worldwide. Circuit- and packet-oriented services will be supported. These systems will operate in all radio environments to provide service to anyone, anytime, anywhere. The ITU has identified spectrum for the allocation of IMT-2000. However, these frequency bands are currently not available worldwide. In different regions research activities on IMT-2000 have been initiated to support the international consensus building process and standardization activities. Based on these activities system proposals have been submitted to ITU TG 8/1. In particular, the newly formed Third Generation Partnership Projects 3GPP and 3GPP2 have the objective of harmonizing similar proposals and defining detailed standards. Proposals from Europe, Japan, Korea, and the United States are very similar. The evolution and migration of second-generation systems to the third generation takes into account the deployed investment to save today's investment where useful and necessary. This article focuses on market and technical requirements and, in particular, the technical approach of 3GPP based on the big footprint of the GSM system     

An overview of CDMA evolution toward wideband CDMA

Third-generation mobile radio networks, often dubbed as 3G, have been under intense research and discussion recently and will emerge around the year 2000. In the International Telecommunications Union (ITU), third generation networks are called International Mobile Telecommunications-2000 (IMT-2000), and in Europe, Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS). IMT-2000 will provide a multitude of services, especially multimedia and high-bit-rate packet data. Wideband code division multiple access (CDMA) has emerged as the mainstream air interface solution for the third-generation networks. In Europe, Japan, Korea, and the United States, wideband CDMA systems are currently being standarized. This article provides a comprehensive introduction to wideband CDMA. It also provides a review of the wideband CDMA air interface proposals including WCDMA in Europe and Japan, cdma2000 in the United States, and wideband CDMA in Korea.     

超3G研究的最新进展

超3G在ITU—R范围内的各项研究工作还刚刚开始．基本上还处于制定工作计划的阶段。但目前关于对超3G频率需求计算方法的研究．已经有一些国家提出了自己的建议，主要是日本和德国。超3G研究工作。特别是频谱计算、业务预制、新的无线接入和核心网技术方面研究工作的开展，对我国的研究机构、相关公司和高校都是一个继续赶超世界先进通信技术．获取成果的绝好机会。     

第三代移动通信标准IMT-2000的统一

第三代移动通信统一的标准 IMT- 2 0 0 0终于诞生了。文中回顾了第三代移动通信标准统一的进程 ,对统一的标准中“日欧方式”的 W- CDMA和“北美方式”的 cdm a2 0 0 0进行了比较分析 ,介绍了我国在标准统一过程中所做的工作 ,最后 ,提出应抓住标准统一的契机积极开展研究、开发和产业准备 ,以改变我国移动通信产业落后的面貌     

UMTS/IMT-2000 based on wideband CDMA

The UMTS terrestrial radio access is based on wideband 4.096 Mchip/s DS-CDMA technology. UTRA will be connected to an evolved GSM core network for both circuit and packet services. A merger between ETSI/Europe and ARIB/Japan based on W-CDMA, a GSM core network, and a common frequency allocation according to the ITU Recommendation of 2 GHz makes a global IMT-2000 standard feasible. UTRA based on W-CDMA fully supports the UMTS/IMT-2000 requirements (e.g., support of 384 kb/s for wide-area coverage and 2 Mb/s for local coverage). Furthermore, the air interface has flexible support of mixed services, variable-rate services, and an efficient packet mode. Key W-CDMA features also include improved basic capacity/coverage performance compared to second-generation systems, full support of adaptive antenna arrays, support of hierarchical cell structures with interfrequency handover, and support of asynchronous inter-base-station operation. There have been no constraints due to the strong requirements for backward compatibility with second-generation systems. This has facilitated a high degree of flexibility and a future-proof air interface. Extensive evaluations by means of simulations and field trials have been carried out by a number of companies, and full system tests are ongoing. Consequently, W-CDMA technology can now be regarded as a mature technology, ready to provide the basis for UMTS/IMT-2000     

即将来临的第三代移动通信系统

介绍了第三代移动通信系统的技术概况，在对各种移动通信系统进行分析比较的基础上，重点讨论了 ＩＭＴ－２０００系统的网络标准及其网络优化的特点。     

IMT-Advanced标准发展分析

IMT-Advanced为具有超过IMT-2000能力的新一代移动通信系统,本文围绕IMT-Advanced的发展进行详细分析,主要包括IMT-Advanced的基本要求、IMT-Advanced的频谱需求、IMT-Advanced的业务特征、IMT-Advanced的提案分析、IMT-Advanced的标准化进程等,这对我国开展相关技术研究、系统评估、设备开发和产业发展具有重要的参考价值。     

QoS-enabled broadband mobile access to wireline networks

Third-generation wireless systems, known as IMT-2000 within the ITU, offer opportunities to support a wide range of multimedia services. Packet data services will play a major role in these new multimedia services. A key component of packetized data services is to ensure end-to-end QoS requirements through efficient management of the network's resources. We present an overview of radio resource scheduling schemes including architecture, radio interface protocol, and interactions in a wideband CDMA environment. We then present an example of the QoS architecture followed by a discussion on end-to-end provisioning and interworking from wireless to fixed networks     

The current situation of IMT-2000 standardization activities inJapan

This article provides an overview of the current IMT-2000 standardization activities in Japan. This article includes three main points, namely a guideline for introducing IMT-2000 into the Japanese market, radio transmission technology and an outline of the proposal to ITU-R, and key issues of network aspects     

Call Level QoS Performance under Variable User Mobilities in Wireless Networks

The concept of adaptive admission control in cellular wireless networks ensures quality of service by reserving bandwidth for handoff calls. It is equally important in current second generation wireless systems as well as in the future IMT-2000 and UMTS systems. In order to ensure bounded call level QoS we propose to track the changes of the handoff call arrival rate and integrate this information in the admission algorithm. However, the handoff call arrival rate can vary when the new call arrival rate and/or user mobility vary. In our previous work we have analysed bandwidth reservation techniques needed to maintain a stable call level QoS when new call arrival rate is changing in a group, or groups, of wireless cells. This paper analyses bandwidth reservation techniques that are adaptive to the user mobility as well as to the changing new call arrival rate, and which can ensure stable call level QoS over a range of user mobilities. We also propose the technique to derive bandwidth reservation policy when the QoS characteristics over a range of user mobilities are given.     

UMTS, the mobile multimedia vision for IMT 2000: a focus onstandardization

Cellular mobile telecommunications and the World Wide Web are growing at an exciting pace. In the year 1999 both GSM and the Internet reached more than 200 million registered users globally. Thus, it may be expected that users will demand the combination of mobility and multimedia services in a foreseeable time frame. Multimedia content increases and differentiates with the changing information society, and an even richer variety of audio, visual, and text-based information will be required in the future. UMTS, the Universal Mobile Telecommunications System, a member of the IMT-2000 family of third-generation systems, will provide these services. UMTS standardization has set a new paradigm of timely market-driven standardization in a global partnership of standardization bodies     

Satellite UMTS/IMT2000 W-CDMA air interfaces

The third-generation IMT-2000 initiative of the International Telecommunication Union is aiming at the provision of a limited family of global standards providing worldwide multimedia wireless services in a host of environments encompassing indoor picocells to satellite megacells. The ITU IMT-2000 initiative has been supported by several regional standardization bodies such as the European Telecommunication Standard Institute with its Universal Mobile Telecommunication System. In this article a few air interface proposals for the satellite component of UMTS/IMT-2000 based on adaptation of the emerging terrestrial wideband CDMA standards are reviewed. In particular, S-UMTS requirements are examined together with W-CDMA applicability to the satellite environment. It is shown that with minor adaptations, the terrestrial W-CDMA air interface provides an efficient solution for the satellite UMTS component. This commonality will certainly help in the realization of low-cost low-size dual-mode user terminals encompassing both terrestrial and satellite components     

Experiments on IMT-2000 Using Unmanned Solar Powered Aircraft at an Altitude of 20 km

Several countries are keenly interested in the research and development of novel wireless communication systems using high altitude platform stations (HAPS) because of their great potential benefits. In June and July 2002, we carried out the world's first experiment on International Mobile Telecommunication 2000 (IMT-2000) by radio relay via transponders onboard an unmanned solar powered aircraft at an altitude of 20 km. This experiment demonstrated for the first time the feasibility of applying the IMT-2000 system using a HAPS and a compact cellular phone designed for terrestrial cellular systems. Two experiments were carried out over Kauai Island in Hawaii, USA. In the first experiment, we were unable to establish an IMT-2000 link connection via the aircraft at 20 km because the onboard transponder for the reverse link received unexpected signals from a terrestrial cellular system in commercial use 200 km away on Oahu Island. However, we managed to establish the link by connecting a high gain external antenna to the cellular phone. After the first flight experiment, we developed an onboard receiving antenna with a low sidelobe level to suppress interference signals. In the second experiment, we successfully achieved IMT-2000 video communication with a cellular phone. This paper presents the experimental results and analysis of these IMT-2000 communication experiments.     

Current IMT-2000 R&D status and views in Korea

In this article Korean development of IMT-2000 is considered. It includes the second-generation digital mobile communications, R&D and standardization activities related to IMT-2000, and the authors' perspectives on IMT-2000 in Korea. In Korea, there are many activities for development of IMT-2000 radio transmission technologies, and the results of these activities will be the submission of technologies to the ITU. However, the Korean telecommunications standardization body (TTA) will make every effort to make a common global standard for IMT-2000. Therefore, the TTA will make a domestic standard for IMT-2000 after the ITU finalizes the related Recommendations. It seems to the authors that difficulties in harmonization in the TTA are very similar to difficulties in harmonization worldwide. The only way of reaching the harmonization of IMT-2000 in Korea is that the key players should have the view from the end users' seat     

UMTS overview

The Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) as specified by the Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) was formally adopted by the ITU as a member of its family of IMT-2000 Third Generation Mobile Communication standards in November 1999. This paper provides some background to the UMTS standard and an overview of the system architecture. Some information about the current status of technology trials is provided as well as predictions for the services that future UMTS networks are likely to deliver to the end user     

Turbo码及其在第3代移动通信中的应用

Turbo码是一类并行级联递归的系统卷积纠错编码 ,当交织长度足够长时 ,其性能接近仙农信道编码极限值。由于其很强的抗衰落性和抗干扰能力 ,Turbo码在第 3代移动通信系统IMT - 2 0 0 0中得到了广泛应用     

27~29.5 GHz频段IMT-2020(5G)系统对卫星固定业务系统干扰分析研究

基于WRC-19 1.13议题研究框架和国内6 GHz以上第五代（the 5th Generation,5G）移动通信候选频段的兼容性分析要求,针对27~29.5 GHz频段国际移动通信-2020（International Mobile Telecommunications-2020,IMT-2020）系统对卫星固定业务（Fixed Satellite Service,FSS）系统的干扰进行研究.采用集总干扰评估方法,比较了FSS静止轨道卫星经度分别在东经59°、85°、113°时,IMT-2020（5G）系统基站对FSS上行链路的干扰情况.此外,还针对IMT-2020（5G）基站采用不同阵列配置进行了兼容性仿真研究.研究表明,在该频段IMT-2020（5G）系统不会对FSS产生有害干扰,特别是在IMT-2020（5G）基站采用大规模天线阵列的情况下.研究结果可为未来27~29.5 GHz频段IMT-2020（5G）系统频率规划实际部署及保护FSS系统提供技术依据.     

Cell phones answer Internet's call

Cellular service providers, handset manufacturers, and system integrators are captivated by the promise of the wireless Internet using third generation cellular telephony. The leading contender to be the global standard for third-generation cellular telephony is the Universal Mobile Telecommunication System (UMTS). This is a wideband CDMA system designed to be smoothly backward-compatible with GSM, and also the leading member of the IMT-2000 family of third-generation systems sponsored by the International Telecommunication Union (ITU). The developments of this technology and its impact on the telecommunications industry worldwide are discussed     

Air interface access schemes for broadband mobile systems

High bandwidth everywhere is a key requirement of future communication systems. The big challenge is that the mobile user also be able to benefit. The UMTS, a member of the IMT-2000 family of systems, will offer global universal services up to 2 Mb/s for the mass market in the near future. For users demanding more capacity for “bit-hungry” high-quality applications, broadband mobile radio access systems are being developed, such as wireless LANs and the Mobile Broadband System. In this article broadband mobile systems are classified, taking into account services and quality, spectrum, and standardization issues. The practical experiences gained in two European research projects-ATM Wireless Access Communication System (AWACS) and System for Advanced Mobile Broadband Applications (SAMBA)-are described. Finally, a realistic look at possible future deployment is given     

Security services for protecting radio mobile systems

The development of radio networks has brought the problem of security specifically related to mobility of terminals sharply into focus, and has created the need for radio network operators to implement new security functionalities. The security level of the analog radio mobile systems (the so-called “first generation ” systems was very low, and these systems were often exposed to massive fraud. The development of digital radio mobile systems (the so-called “second generation” systems: GSM, DECT,. allowed the systematic introduction of cryptology based protection mechanisms. Hence, for gsm networks for instance, the main fraud and confidentiality problems were taken into account at the design stage and a security architecture was implemented to provide security services to users and network operators. The third generation mobile telecommunication systems belonging to the imt- 2000 family (which are still under specification within standardisation bodies in particular within the 3gpp worldwide third generation partnership project) will, in the forthcoming years, provide a wide variety of services on a single terminal in a multi-environment (domestic, public, business), multi-operator, and multi-service provider context. Security will be based on second generation systems security functions that have proved to be needed and reliable, and shall be adapted and improved to resolve security threats underlying to new services supplied by third generation radio systems. This document presents examples of security solutions currently implemented for protecting second generation radio mobile systems against frauds and attacks and gives an overview of potential solutions for protecting future third generation radio mobile telecommunication systems.