斜置微穿孔板结构声学特性计算与试验研究

采用声电类比法计算斜置微穿孔板结构吸声性能存在误差.运用阻抗转移法计算斜置结构的吸声系数,用假想平面将斜置微穿孔板结构离散为若干个等宽定空腔的吸声单元,建立简化模型,采用阻抗转移计算每个吸声单元的吸声系数,综合各单元吸声系数,获得整个结构的吸声系数.设计相应的实验比较计算结果表明,采用阻抗转移法计算结果与实验结果吻合良好,声电类比法计算结果偏离实验结果较大.声电类比法采用集中参数分析,需将空腔声阻抗进行近似,造成误差;阻抗转移法不存在这一误差,计算更合理和准确.     

微穿孔板结构特性理论对比分析

传统的声电类比法在单层微穿孔板吸声结构中的计算,得到广泛应用,但由于在双层微穿孔板结构中存在较大误差,于是提出用传递矩阵法对微穿孔板吸声结构进行分析。本文对比分析声电类比法与传递矩阵法在微穿孔板结构模型中的应用,从而有效设计微穿孔板吸声结构参数设计的实验方案。     

结构参数对微穿孔板结构声学特性的影响研究

微穿孔板结构声学特性与结构参数密切相关,该文讨论了这些结构参数对吸声性能的影响.采用传递矩阵法计算微穿孔板结构的声学特性,在验证理论计算结果可靠的基础上,研究结构参数(如穿孔率、微孔直径、板厚和空腔距离)对微穿孔板结构吸声性能的影响规律.结果表明,穿孔直径、板厚和穿孔率主要影响吸声结构的共振吸声峰值,空腔厚度主要影响共振基频;共振吸声峰值随穿孔率、微孔直径和空腔厚度增加而降低,随板厚增加而增大.增加穿孔率,共振基频向低频移动;而增加微孔直径、板厚和空腔厚度,共振基频向高频移动;吸声频带宽度随穿孔率增大而增加,随微孔直径、板厚和空腔厚度增加而变窄.     

穿孔机械阻抗板的吸声特性研究

为提高低频吸声性能,在机械阻抗板(MIP)上穿少量微孔形成穿孔机械阻抗板(MIPMP)吸声结构。对MIPMP结构吸声性能进行初步研究,建立计算模型,用驻波管测量吸声系数。结果表明,MIPMP结构的吸声为机械阻抗和微穿孔的共同作用。吸声曲线出现两个吸声峰:一个在200~300 Hz,由机械阻抗引起,吸声系数可达0.95;一个出现在300~600Hz,由微穿孔引起。计算模型与实验结果所示趋势一致:随穿孔率的增大,机械阻抗单元吸声峰值先增大后减小,向高频移动,微穿孔单元吸声峰值逐渐减小,带宽增大,向高频移动;随背腔的增厚,机械阻抗单元吸声峰值变大,频率基本不变,微穿孔单元吸声峰值略减小,向低频移动。MIPMP与微穿孔板(MPP)构成的复合吸声结构在200~1 600Hz有好的吸声性能。     

双层微穿孔板双向吸声系数分析与优化

相比单层微穿孔板,双层微穿孔板具有吸声频带更宽,吸声效果更好等优点.本文利用传递矩阵法求解双层穿孔板结构的正反向吸声系数,并用有限元仿真验证理论模型的可行性.分析讨论了结构前后板参数变化对结构整体的双向吸声系数影响,应用遗传算法计算得到了结构板双向吸声系数最优解,为微穿孔板吸声结构的应用及发展提供参考.     

用统计方法分析微穿孔板吸声结构的声学特性

微穿孔板的发展已接近半个世纪。基于穿孔板吸声结构的基础,微穿孔板结构简化了穿孔板后的多孔材料,同时达到了提高本身吸声特性的目的。组成微穿孔扳的主要元素就是微管和空腔。通过分析微管和空腔的声阻抗率,近似计算出微穿孔板的吸声系数与吸声频带宽度,并讨论微穿孔板结构模型的来源。根据微穿孔板结构模型,分别计算不同的参数组合对吸声系数及频带宽度的影响。     

高温下双层串联微穿孔板结构声学特性研究

在燃烧室的空间和质量有限的情况下,为达到更好的声抑制效果,该文提出了将单层微穿孔板一分为二,采用与单层结构具有相同穿孔率、穿孔半径、质量及占用空间的双层串联微穿孔板结构.通过声-电类比法推导了温度变化条件下双层串联微穿孔板结构吸声系数的计算公式,并与单层结构的吸声特性进行了对比仿真分析,最后得出将单层结构一分为二,采用双层串联结构具有更宽的吸声频带,在高温条件下,其吸声效果更好.     

多孔径微穿孔板的主动吸声仿真研究

提出一种基于多孔径微穿孔板的主动吸声方法,在微穿孔板的空腔内横向放置可上下移动的隔板。从理论上说明了移动隔板改变声阻抗的可行性,利用数值分析法进一步比较了两种隔板移动方法对3种典型参数多孔径微穿孔板吸声性能的影响。对于15mm背腔的多孔径微穿孔板,在800~1 900Hz频段内平均吸声系数的分析结果达到0.85,表明该主动吸声方法的有效性,同时也为拓宽微穿孔板吸声体的频带提供了新思路。     

微孔分布范围对穿孔板吸声性能的影响

根据渗入工艺加工微穿孔板吸声结构产生的微孔不规则分布的特点,研究了微孔不同分布范围的穿孔板的吸声特性。研究发现,随着微孔分布范围的逐渐缩小,穿孔板的共振频率逐渐向低频方向移动。随着穿孔分布范围的变化,微穿孔板的表面法向声阻变化不大,表面法向声抗相对较大。利用穿孔板理论对微孔不同分布范围的穿孔板的吸声特性进行模拟,发现穿孔板理论仅适用于微孔分布范围较大的穿孔板。通过分析穿孔板阻抗的作用,使其在微孔分布范围较小的情况下,也能模拟穿孔板的吸声性能。     

FC穿孔板吸声性能研究

FC穿孔板是常用的吸声装饰材料,以高穿孔率的FC板与板后衬贴不同材料和空腔填充玻璃棉,组成6种吸声构造,分别对4种空腔深度进行混响室吸声测量,通过对吸声系数的分析,探讨板后衬贴材料及填充材料FC穿孔板的吸声效果。     

有内置薄板腔体的HEMP屏蔽效能研究

在HEMP(高空核电磁脉冲)平面波照射下,依据传输线理论和波导理论,结合电路原理,分别建立了HEMP在金属腔内传播时的等效电路模型和信号流图,得到了腔体各部分的等效阻抗以及HEMP 在腔体内传播过程中的传输矩阵和散射矩阵。采用了传输线法(TLM)和广义Beam-Liu-Tesche(BLT)方程法两种快速算法计算有内置薄板的开孔矩形金属腔的屏蔽效能,与仿真计算进行了对比,验证了扩展算法的准确性,并分析了内置薄板的宽度和位置对腔体屏蔽效能的影响。结果表明:两种快速算法均能准确地计算腔体的屏蔽效能;内置薄板越宽,且越靠近中央位置,腔体的屏蔽效能越高,谐振频率越大。研究所得结论可以为电子设备的HEMP防护提供重要的理论依据。     

敷薄吸声层目标壳体高频吸声性能的改进方法

从应用角度对小目标壳体进行了高频近似,利用声传播理论和粘弹性理论推导了敷设薄吸声层多层结构的声场特性.提出用敷设多层粘弹性材料代替敷设单层吸声层,以实现吸声层的阻抗渐变.计算敷设多层薄吸声层结构的高频回声特性,并分析了吸声层阻抗渐变存在的规律及其对吸声性能的影响,给出了改善其吸声性能的方法.分析结果表明:吸声层总厚度相同时,具有合适阻抗配比的阻抗渐变结构能够改善吸声模型性能.最后,通过对敷设某型聚脲和橡胶材料多层结构的仿真,验证了结论的正确性.     

对速调管双间隙输出段间隙阻抗矩阵系数分布的分析

本文用集总等效网络的观点对速调管双间隙输出段间隙阻抗系数的分布和变化规律进行了分析。文中讨论了等效电路的选择,从各部件给出的参数来推算系统的阻抗分布并从冷测到的间隙自身阻抗系数来推算转移阻抗系数和各部件的高频参数。     

Analysis of the distribution of gap interaction impedance coefficients of resonant coupled cavity output section of broadband klystrons

From the lumped circuit elements point of view, the distribution of gap interaction impedance coefficients of resonant coupled cavity output section of broadband klystrons is analyzed. The following topics are discussed: (1) the selection of equivalent circuit; (2) the calculation of impedance distribution with given parameters of the lumped circuit element; (3) the calculation of transfer impedance and microwave circuit parameters with measured self-impedances.     

Laser frequency fluctuations due to mechanical vibrations

The frequency fluctuations of a single-frequency laser due to mechanical vibrations are dependent on the sound pressure and sound frequency. The two dependences have been studied with the observation of beat signals between two stable external-mirror He-Ne lasers in the free-running condition. The dependence on the sound pressure follows Hooke's law, so that the difference between the frequency fluctuations due to the acoustic noises and those due to the external vibrations was quantitatively distinguished. Some causes of mechanical instability of the laser were clarified from the dependence on the sound frequency as compared with the lowest natural frequencies of each mechanical element in the cavity. The translation of mirrors along the optical cavity axis and two rotations of mirrors about the axis perpendicular to the optical cavity axis, which give rise to the variation in the relative angle between the laser beam axis and the Brewster window plate, are the most dominant motions that cause frequency fluctuations of the laser.     

Electromagnetic wave absorbing characteristics of Ni-Zn ferritegrid absorber

The reflection loss of Ni-Zn ferrite grid absorber is studied in the low frequency limit which the period of the array is small compared with wavelength. The relative equivalent complex permeability and permittivity with air volume fraction is obtained using the Hashin-Shtrikman (1962) upper-bound formula. The impedance matching conditions for maximum electromagnetic wave absorption are obtained by the “contour map method.” Two impedance matching thicknesses and frequencies are compared with theoretical matching relationships derived under the limiting case of impedance matching formula. As the air volume fraction increases, the first matching frequency, f_m1 remains nearly constant, while the second one, f_m2 decreases and approaches f_m1. Therefore, the absorption band of a ferrite grid absorber is broader than that of the single layered ferrite plate absorber     

Analysis of a MEMS transmission line

A microelectromechanical system (MEMS) sound waveguide is considered as a transmission line for RF signals. We analyze a device geometry of a straight one-dimensional microsize silicon rod, where a longitudinal acoustic wave is generated and detected using capacitive transducers. Linear, isotropic, and nondispersive acoustic-wave propagation is assumed. Based on the calculation of the electromechanical impedance, an electrical equivalent model is derived for the acoustic transmission line. A numerical example and a comparison to measured properties of a MEMS-transmission-line resonator shows that the characteristic impedance level of the waveguide is typically high, which causes challenges for matched termination. Solutions to overcome the matching problems are discussed.