热释电探测器在线开关的研究及实现

本文论述了热释电探测器的工作原则，导出探测器电流响应度、电压响应度的解析表达式，介绍了热释电探测器的目前应用，提出并详细讨论了热释电探测器的在线开关应用及其实现方法。     

热释电红外探测器综合性能参数的测试

在分析了热释电探测器对阶跃辐射响应的理论之后，提出了一种红外探测器综合性能参数自动测试系统，并对热释电红外探测器的响应率、响应时间、平衡度进行了测试，得到探测器对于特定光源辐射的线性区间和饱和区间，为正确使用探测器提供了实验基础。     

热释电红外探测器的PSPICE仿真设计探讨

介绍了热释电红外探测器的结构及工作原理，由热释电效应推导出了热释电电流及电压响应表达式，利用仿真软件PSPICE分析了热释电探测器等效电路模型，并在红外专用芯片BISS0001不可重复触发工作方式下给出了探测器的实用电路。     

基于Pspice的热释电红外探测器设计探讨

介绍了热释电红外探测器的结构及工作原理,由热释电效应推导出了热释电电流及电压响应表达式,利用仿真软件Pspice分析了热释电探测器等效电路模型,并在红外专用芯片BISS0001不可重复触发工作方式下给出了探测器的实用电路。     

高增益低噪声热释电红外探测器前置放大器设计研究

提出一种新的高增益低噪声热释电红外探测器电路模型.采用双极型结型场效应(BJFET),通过改变时间常数解决了热释电前置放大器输出信号弱和易受干扰的关键问题,理论推导了热释电电路的输出电流和电压响应,系统地分析了改进的前置放大器的噪声和温度特性.经实验验证:该电路实现了大电流、宽频带、高增益、低噪声等优化特性.     

多层热释电探测器的动态热释电响应

根据热波传播的特点，采用矩阵法求解一维热传导方程，给出了多层热释电探测器的热传导模型，用矩阵形式写出了多层热释电探测器对正弦调制辐射的热释电响应。用矩阵分析的结果，讨论了绝热层对提高探测器响应的作用及对绝层的要求，分析了多层结构中各息参数对探测器响应的影响。     

薄膜型热释电探测器红外响应模型分析

在进行热释电焦平面探测器ROIC（读出电路）设计时，必须充分考虑热释电探测器的红外响应特性，并根据探测器等效电路的SPICE模型进行设计仿真。从热释电探测器的热平衡方程出发，在Matlab平台上分析模拟了探测器对脉冲函数调制状态下的瞬态响应，并根据提供的薄膜材料参数在具体应用中建立了热释电探测器的等效电路模型。把探测器等效电路模型与SFD（源跟随器）型输入单元读出电路连接后进行模拟仿真，分析了不同条件下热释电探测器／读出电路组件的响应特性。     

多层热释电薄膜红外探测器的PSPICE模型

在分析了热释电探测器工作原理的基础上,利用PSPICE的ABM功能建立了多层薄膜热释电红外探测器的等效电路模型。该模型可以模拟多层薄膜热释电探测器热学和电学特性的暧态响应和频率响应,模拟的结果与实验数据相一致,等效电路模型与读出电路连接,然后对热释电探测器系统进行模拟,分析不同条件下探测器的响应特性。选取不同的电路参数,该模型也同样适用于其他类型的热释电探测器。     

热释电单元探测器的电压响应模拟

采用一维热扩散理论，用Matlab应用软件，模拟了热释电单元传感器的电压响应，比较PET塑料衬底、多孔二氧化硅衬底、悬空结构以及体硅衬底的热传导对探测器性能的影响，并与PCLT／P（VDF－TrFE）热释电单元传感器的实验结果作了比较。     

非制冷型热释电薄膜红外探测器的制备及应用

介绍了室温非制冷型热释电薄膜红外探测器的原理和优势。从热释电材料的选择及器件的结构设计等方面阐述了热释电薄膜红外探测器的制备技术和研究动向,并归纳了器件的主要应用领域。     

The pyroelectric detector of infrared radiation

The pyroelectric detector is a thermal sensor of infra-red radiation requiring no bias. While in principle a pure capacitor (hence theoretically noiseless), the detector has a varying noise contribution as a function of frequency due to a load resistor, series loss resistance, and amplifier. The actual sensor is a pyroelectric crystal exhibiting spontaneous polarization. The spontaneous polarization and dielectric constant of the crystal are temperature-dependent. A change in incident power raises the detector temperature causing an electric charge to appear across the electroded surfaces cut perpendicular to the crystal's ferroelectric axis. Under open circuit conditions, a voltage is obtained which is ultimately neutralized by current flow through the leakage resistance or load resistor. The evacuated detector package incorporates an electroded flake of triglycine sulfate mounted on a substrate of low thermal and electrical conductivity, a field effect transistor, load resistor, and an infrared transparent window. Data on the detectivity, responsivity, and noise as a function of frequency and area are presented. Polycrystalline pyroelectric detectors of TGS are feasible and simplify the construction of arrays and mosaics. Applications of the pyroelectric detector to date have been in a multielement line scanner, thermal imaging camera, spectrometer, and laser calorimeter.     

红外热释电传感器的温度稳定性

本文推出红外热释电传感器的响应率与温度的函数式，并提供和分析了实验结果，理论和实验表明，热释电传感器的性能很大程度上取决于其前放级的设计水平。     

Effects of the substrate on the response of pyroelectric detectors

In our studies dealing with a theoretical analysis on the response of pyroelectric detectors, it has been found that for substrate-attached pyroelectric detectors, the current responsivity falls off with decreasing frequency below a certain frequency due to the flow of heat out of the pyroelectric crystal into the substrate. The rate of the falloff depends on the thermal conductivity of the substrate. The higher the thermal conductivity, the faster the rate of the falloff. The current responsivity flattens out in a lower intermediate frequency range of 10^-2to 10²Hz. In this flat plateau region, the smaller the substrate thermal capacity, the higher the current responsivity. The theoretical analysis agrees with the experimental results using LiTaO3detectors mounted on silicon substrates.     

单通道与补偿型PIMNT热释电红外探测器的性能比较

建立和完善了电流模式Pb(In_1/2Nb_1/2)O₃-Pb(Mg_1/3Nb_2/3)O₃-PbTiO₃(PI-MNT)热释电红外探测器的理论模型(单通道和并联补偿型)以及微音噪声模型。利用理论模型进行了仿真模拟,然后设计和制备了一种单通道和两种补偿型(灵敏元分隔型和一体型)PIMNT热释电红外探测器。测试并比较了这三种探测器的响应率RV、噪声u_n、比探测率D^*以及微音噪声u_vib。结果表明,与单通道PIMNT红外探测器相比,补偿型红外探测器的探测能力虽然略有下降,但抗干扰能力却得到了极大提高。     

Pyroelectric detector coupled with ultrasonic parametric amplifier

It is pointed out that responsivity can be improved by mechanical resonances. The enhancement factor of responsivity of a trigricyne sulphate (TGS) pyroelectric detector is measured as 40 ∼ 50 at the mechanical resonances whose modes are assigned to dilational modes of a rectangular-plate vibrator. Also, a pyroultrasonic parametric amplifier is demonstrated, which can show further improvement of responsivity of the pyroelectric detector by amplifying the strain that accompanies pyroelectricity. Gain and an equivalent circuit are derived using a simplified parametrically coupled multimode vibrator model. A pyroultrasonic parametric amplifier using lead zirconate titanate (PZT) ceramic is demonstrated, and an improvement of about 5 dB is shown. Obtaining the gain stability is one of the serious problems of a pyroultrasonic parametric amplifier.     

A millimeterwave pyroelectric detector

A pyroelectric detector has been built and characterised for operation within W-band. The various characteristics reported include detectivity, responsivity, NEP, polarisation sensitivity, dynamic range, linearity, and reflectivity (vswr). The pyroelectric detector performs well at these wavelengths and as the detector is inexpensive to build, and is robust, it ought to find many opportunities for use within millimetre-wave laboratories.     

Pyroelectric properties of lead germanate

An evaluation of the pyroelectric properties of ferroelectric lead germanate Pb5Ge3O11 in both single-crystal and ceramic form is presented. It is shown that the expected noise-equivalent power for lead germanate is similar to that of triglycine sulphate, and the voltage responsivity is slightly lower. The superior chemical and mechanical properties of lead germanate make it an attractive alternative for use in pyroelectric detectors.     

新型热释电材料及其在高性能红外探测器中的应用

采用改进的Bridgman法生长出了大尺寸高质量的Pb(Mg_1/3Nb_2/3)O₃-PbTiO₃(PMNT)单晶,并发现了PMNT单晶具有非常大的热释电响应。为探索高性能的热释电材料,提高现有红外探测器的性能,对PMN-PT的热释电性能、及其在红外探测器中的应用进行了系统的研究。研究表明：PMNT单晶具有优异的热释电性能,其综合性能优于传统的热释电材料。用PMNT单晶制备出了的红外探测器,电压响应率和比探测率分别为Rv = 211 V/W,D* = 1.06×108 cm·Hz^1/2·W^-1,器件性能能够基本满足使用要求,同时也表明PMNT单晶有望在高性能的红外探测及成像器件中得到实际应用。     

结合AlGaN和PVDF的新型日盲紫外探测器的研究

制作了一种新型的结合了AlGaN材料结构和Poly（vinylidene fluoride）（PVDF）热释电材料的日盲紫外探测器。当紫外光从AlGaN一侧背照射至器件上时,测量PVDF两端的热释电响应光谱,测得峰值响应在入射光波长为260 nm处,响应电压高达129.6 mV（此时辐射功率为39.8 nW）。器件响应机理为:紫外光被i-Al0.35Ga0.65层吸收,产生光生载流子并复合生热,热量通过AlGaN材料传导给PVDF结构的电极,温度升高,PVDF对温度变化产生响应。为了进一步验证,制作了对比器件,即在AlGaN结构和PVDF结构之间加了一层多孔SiO2隔热层,测得的响应光谱中有两个峰值,一个在260 nm,另外一个在300 nm。与参考器件相比,在260 nm处的响应电压大大减小,说明了利用热效应探测的可行性。另外,测量了不同频率下的器件响应并对其进行理论拟合,深入研究300 nm处的响应机理。