A hybrid CATV/256-QAM/OC-48 DWDM system over an 80 km LEAF transport

A hybrid dense-wavelength-division-multiplexing (DWDM) system for CATV, 256-QAM and OC-48 trunking is proposed and demonstrated. It used two wavelengths for AM-VSB CATV, one wavelength for 256-QAM digital passband signals and four wavelengths for OC-48 (2.5 Gb/s) digital baseband signals transport. Good performances of carrier-to-noise ratio (CNR) /spl ges/ 50 dB, composite second order (CSO) /spl ges/ 67 dB and composite triple beat (CTB) /spl ges/ 65 dB were obtained for AM-VSB CATV; and low bit error rate (BER < 10/sup -9/) had been achieved for 256-QAM and OC-48 digital signals over an 80 km large effective area fiber (LEAF) transport.     

CSO/CTB performances improvement in a bi-directional DWDM CATV system

We proposed and demonstrated a four-wavelength bi-directional dense-wavelength-division-multiplexing (DWDM) CATV system that uses chirped fiber gratings (CFGs) as the dispersion compensation devices to reduce the fiber dispersion and cross-phase modulation (XPM)-induced crosstalk simultaneously. Our proposed system not only reduces the required number of fibers, but also offers the advantages of capacity doubling. Excellent performances of carrier-to-noise ratio (CNR) /spl ges/ 50 dB, composite second order (CSO) /spl ges/ 72 dB and composite triple beat (CTB) /spl ges/ 69 dB were obtained over a 50-km single-mode fiber (SMF) transport.     

宽带光纤接入网及其发展展望

文章指出各种宽带光纤接入网都有其最佳使用场合和时机,宽带点到点有源光纤系统最适合企事业用户;宽带点到点有源以太网光纤系统适合在低密度用户分散地区应用;宽带点到多点无源光纤系统最适合新建或改建的密集用户区应用.文章认为中国宽带光纤接入网的发展将可能跨越ATM无源光网络(APON)、宽带无源光网络(BPON)和以太网无源光网络(EPON)阶段,从宽带点到点以太网光纤系统和千兆比特以太网无源光网络(GEPON)开始,较快地过渡到千兆比特无源光网络(GPON).     

运用VLC媒体播放器增加HDTV播出频道的实践

VLC是一个开放源代码的、跨平台的多媒体播放器,它可以播放多种音频和视频格式(MPEG-1、MPEG-2、MPEG-4、D ix、MP3、Ogg等以及DVD、VCD、CD音频以及各种流媒体协议),VLC同时也具有转码能力(UDP unicast和multicas、tHTTP等),主要为宽带网络设计的流媒体服务器使用。基于上述软件,结合拥有G igabitEthernet I/O板卡的统计复用网关DM6400、复用/加扰/调制器BN G6104和播发服务器、HDTV机顶盒,试验播出2个HDTV频道。     

Cost‐Effective Transition to 40 Gb/s Line Rate Using the Existing 10 Gb/s‐Based DWDM Infrastructure

In this paper, we propose and demonstrate a cost‐effective technique to upgrade the capacity of dense wavelength division multiplexing (DWDM) networks to a 40 Gb/s line rate using the existing 10 Gb/s‐based infrastructure. To accommodate 40 Gb/s over the link optimized for 10 Gb/s, we propose applying a combination of super‐FEC, carrier‐suppressed return‐to‐zero, and pre‐emphasis to the 40 Gb/s transponder. The transmission of 40 Gb/s DWDM channels over existing 10 Gb/s line‐rate long‐haul DWDM links, including 40×40 Gb/s transmission over KT's standard single‐mode fiber optimized for 10 Gb/s achieves successful results. The proposed upgrading technique allows the Q‐value margin for a 40 Gb/s line rate to be compatible with that of 10 Gb/s.     

Metropolitan DWDM: a dynamically configurable ring for the KomNetfield trial in Berlin

We present the system concept of a dynamically configurable all-optical add/drop multiplexer for metropolitan wavelength division multiplex rings using dense channel spacing (DWDM). We first outline the essential network requirements. Subsequently, an optical system concept is presented that meets these requirements. In the network elements, innovative all-optical switching technology is employed. Tunable fiber Bragg gratings that perform routing functions by wavelength filtering are discussed in more detail. The system is laboratory-tested. It has been installed in Berlin for a multi-vendor field trial within the German research program “KomNet.” Three optical add/drop multiplexers form a dynamically configurable Metro DWDM ring. Metro DWDM accommodates high bandwidths: a metropolitan ring that provides 0.8 terabit/s ring capacity has been demonstrated. Furthermore, Metro DWDM can provide optically transparent channels enabling the transport of various data formats simultaneously, e.g., SONET/SDH and Gigabit Ethernet. Conversion to a standard format becomes obsolete. The all-optical add/drop multiplexer (OADM) presented provides both manual and dynamic configuration. The system concept of the OADM is developed starting with basic metropolitan DWDM network requirements. The features of the DWDM ring are described, followed by a presentation of the system concept of the flexible OADM. Our focus is on dynamic configuration techniques. Since tunable fiber Bragg gratings are promising components for dynamic optical channel switching, this technology is treated in more detail     

Ethernet transport system supporting delay‐sensitive real‐time traffics

We propose and demonstrate an Ethernet transport system that can support hard real‐time traffics with guaranteed throughput and very low jitter performance even in the presence of asynchronous traffics. The superframe structure‐based Ethernet system first synchronizes all the nodes in a network by using the IEEE 1588‐compliant boundary clock scheme and then reserves the traffic channels for synchronous traffics before accommodating both synchronous and asynchronous traffics in the superframe. Our experimental demonstration performed on field‐programmable gate array‐enabled Gigabit Ethernet test benches shows that the proposed scheme not only guarantees the throughput of the synchronous frames but also substantially reduces the jitter of the synchronous frames less than 110 ns after seven‐hop transmission. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

PON发展现状及思考

无源光网络(PON)是近几年兴起的新技术,包括ATM无源光网络(APON)、以太无源光网络(EPON)和千兆无源光网络(GPON).指出了它们的关键技术和系统特点,并进行了详细比较.同时,介绍了PON技术的发展现状,并对PON的未来发展提出了建议.     

Introduction to IEEE 802.3av 10Gbit/s Ethernet Passive Optical Networks （10G EPON）

In the competitive broadband access environment, providing access to ＂triple play＂ services （voice, video, and high-speed data） is an important way for both telephone and CATV network providers to increase their revenue. Passive Optical Networks （PONs） are a cost-effective, flexible, and future-proof medium for providing triple play services. The 1 Gbit/s IEEE 802.3ah Ethernet PON （EPON） and ITU-T G.984 2.5 Gbit/ s PON （GPON） are currently being deployed for triple play service access. However, high definition switched digital video service such as IPTV will require more bandwidth. This paper provides a tutorial overview of the IEEE 802.3av 10Gbit/s Ethernet PON （10G EPON） standard, including the ways in which it differs from EPON.     

Semicompatible High Definition Television Using Field Differential Signals

In a previous paper we proposed transmitting high definition television (HDTV) by means of semicompatible HDTV (SC-HDTV) signals which utilized differences between scan lines. The line-differential SC-HDTV waveform had the virtue of being easily convertible to an NTSC compatible color picture. The line-differential SC-HDTV signal required three present-day CATV channels for local distribution. With the advent of inexpensive electronics and memory, the possibility arises of incorporating field memories into HDTV receivers. Thus, in this paper we propose a field-differential SC-HDTV signal, which, like its predecessor, is easily converted to NTSC. However, the field-differential SC-HDTV waveform may be transmitted using only two present-day CATV channels. In order to produce an HDTV picture from the field-differential SCHDTV signal, the receiver requires comb filters, 2:1 time compressors and a field memory of about 245 kilopixels. These are implementable using today's technology.     

GPON技术在移动网络中的研究

无源光网络一直被认为是光接入网中颇具应用前景的技术,它打破了传统的点到点接入方法,在解决宽带接入问题上是一种经济的、面向未来多业务的用户接入技术。目前用于宽带接入的PON技术主要有ATM PON、Ethernet PON、和GPON。随着因特网的快速发展和以太网的大量使用,针对APON标准过于复杂、在传送以太网和IP数据业务时效率低和EPON无法对传送实时业务提供高质量保证、缺乏电信级的网络监控等缺陷,由FSAN组织在2002年9月提出了具有高速率、高效率、支持多业务传输的吉比特无源光网络GPON。伴随着通信业务形式的改变,用户对整个通信网络的要求越来越高。作为最新技术的GPON能比较好地满足接入网的要求,有望成为下一代网络系统的主要接入技术。     

Field Trial of Duplex, 10 Gbps $,times,$8-User DPSK-OCDMA System Using a Single 16$,times,$ 16 Multi-Port Encoder/Decoder and 16-Level Phase-Shifted SSFBG Encoder/Decoders

An optical code-division multiple access (OCDMA) over wavelength-division multiplexing (WDM) system could be one promising solution to the symmetric Gigabit access network with high spectral efficiency, cost effective, good flexibility and enhanced security. A cost-effective OCDMA/WDM system using a single multi-port en/decoder at an optical line terminal (OLT) and superstructured fiber Bragg grating (SSFBG) encoder/decoders at each optical network unit (ONU) in an optical network has been proposed and demonstrated. In this paper, we prepare 16-chip, 16-level phase-shifted SSFBG encoder/decoders and develop the full-asynchronous 10 Gigabit Ethernet (10 GbE) interface OCDMA prototype for the first time. Field trials of duplex, fully-asynchronous, 10 Gbps$,times,$8-user DPSK-OCDMA system over 100 km using hybrid multi-port and SSFBG encoder/decoder are demonstrated.      

Demonstration of RSOA‐Based 20 Gb/s Linear Bus WDM‐PON with Simple Optical Add‐Drop Node Structure

We demonstrate a linear bus wavelength‐reused gigabit wavelength‐division multiplexing passive optical network (WDM‐PON) with multiple optical add‐drop nodes. A commercially available reflective semiconductor optical amplifier‐based WDM‐PON has a sufficient power budget to provide multiple optical add/drop nodes in 16 WDM channels. Sixteen 1.25 Gb/s WDM channels are successfully transmitted over 20 km of single‐mode fiber with four optical add/drop multiplexers, even with 32 dB reflection and chromatic dispersion in the link.     

The CSMA/DM LAN protocol

We propose an extension of the classical CSMA/CD protocol that eliminates its three main drawbacks. The new protocol, called dual‐mode CSMA/CD (CSMA/DM), operates in two modes, light mode and heavy mode. The light mode of CSMA/DM is almost the same as the original CSMA/CD protocol and is primarily used when the LAN load is light. The heavy mode is a collision free mode and is applied when the LAN load is heavy. The proposed modification to CSMA/CD is minimal while performance gain is significant. CSMA/DM automatically switches between its two modes based on the observed LAN load. Under heavy mode, the monitor station in a CSMA/DM LAN allocates bandwidth to those busy stations without collisions. The newly added priority scheme in the heavy mode allows stations to reserve bandwidth for their high priority frames. Compared with the current collision‐free fast Ethernet and Gigabit Ethernet, CSMA/DM has the advantage of not needing any extra switches or hubs while maintaining comparable performance. Its priority scheme provides more flexibility on bandwidth distribution than in fast Ethernet and Gigabit Ethernet. It can also be easily adapted for high‐speed wireless LANs. More importantly, CSMA/DM should be a good alternative of the widely used CSMA/CA (collision avoidance) in mobile ad hoc networks (MANET) and sensor networks. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Hierarchical Dynamic Bandwidth Allocation Algorithm for Multimedia Services over Ethernet PONs

In this paper, we propose a new dynamic bandwidth allocation (DBA) algorithm for multimedia services over Ethernet PONs (passive optical networks). The proposed algorithm is composed of a low‐level scheduler in the optical network unit (ONU) and a high‐level scheduler in the optical line terminal (OLT). The hierarchical DBA algorithm can provide expansibility and efficient resource allocation in an Ethernet PON system in which the packet scheduler is separated from the queues. In the proposed DBA algorithm, the OLT allocates bandwidth to the ONUs in proportion to the weight associated with their class and queue length, while the ONU preferentially allocates its bandwidth to queues with a static priority order. The proposed algorithm provides an efficient resource utilization by reducing the unused remaining bandwidth caused by the variable length of the packets. We also define the service classes and present control message formats conforming to the multi‐point control protocol (MPCP) over an Ethernet PON. In order to evaluate the performance, we designed an Ethernet PON system on the basis of IEEE 802.3ah “Ethernet in the first mile” (EFM) using OPNET and carried out simulations. The results are analyzed in terms of the channel utilization, queuing delay, and ratio of the unused remaining bandwidth.     

一种融合EPON和GPON的接入方案

无源光网络(PON)突破了传统的点到点解决方法的局限,一直被认为是光接入网中最具发展前景的技术.由于光接入网应用环境复杂多样,PON应用技术也呈现出多样化的特点.以太网无源光网络(EPON)和千兆无源光网络(GPON)是其中两种具有代表性的接入技术.文章根据光纤到户实际工程的需要,论述了一种融合EPON和GPON技术的接入方案.     

Digital HDTV broadcasting over the CATV distribution system

This contribution deals with the digital broadcasting of HDTV channels over the cable television (CATV) distribution system, using either single-carrier QAM or an orthogonal frequency division multiplex (OFDM) of many QAM carriers to represent an HDTV channel. Assuming that no error-correcting codes are used, we investigate two distinct cases: in the first case, a few HDTV channels are transmitted among many analog TV channels, whereas in the second case all transmitted channels are HDTV channels. We show that in the first case the transmit power of an HDTV channel can be substantially reduced (by about 10 dB or more) as compared to the transmit power of an analog TV channel, while still maintaining a satisfactory bit error rate (BER). In the second case, not only a considerable reduction of the total transmit power but also a reduction of amplifier cost and an increase of the number of TV channels can be achieved. Single-carrier QAM is found to perform slightly better (at most about 1 or 2 dB) than a multi-carrier QAM.     

Improvement of CSO/CTB performances employing up-converted and polarization modulation techniques

A two-wavelength wavelength-division multiplexing (WDM) community antenna television (CATV) transport system that employed up-converted and polarization modulation techniques to reduce the composite second-order (CSO) distortion and optical nonlinearities is proposed and demonstrated. In contrast to a two-wavelength WDM CATV transport system using the intensity modulation technique, good performances of CSO and composite triple beat were obtained, accompanied by acceptable carrier-to-noise ratio value in our proposed system over a 100-km single-mode fiber transmission.     

Low‐Cost,Low‐Power,High‐Capacity 3R OEO‐Type Reach Extender for a Long‐Reach TDMA‐PON

This paper proposes a low‐cost, low‐power, and high‐capacity optical‐electrical‐optical‐type reach extender that can provide 3R frame regeneration and remote management to increase the reach and split ratio with no change to a legacy time division multiple access passive optical network. To provide remote management, the extender gathers information regarding optical transceivers and link status per port and then transmits to a service provider using a simple network management protocol agent. The extender can also apply to an Ethernet passive optical network (E‐PON) or a gigabit‐capable PON (G‐PON) by remote control. In a G‐PON, in particular, it can provide burst mode signal retiming and burst‐to‐continuous mode conversion at the upstream path through a G‐PON transmission convergence frame adaptor. Our proposed reach extender is based on the quad‐port architecture for cost‐effective design and can accommodate both the physical reach of 60 km and the 512 split ratios in a G‐PON and the physical reach of 80 km and the 256 split ratios in an E‐PON.     

千兆以太网测试设计与实现

随着城域网数据业务的增多和功能的增强，以太网服务在网络服务市场占据了主导优势，为了适应以太网专线、SDH上的以太网、多业务传送平台及光纤通道、VoIP及NGN等各种业务测试发展的需要，有必要针对千兆网络进行标准测试．文中主要介绍了千兆以太网测试的技术指标，提出一种测试方案，并给出具体的实现方法。