基于浮选的地沟油再生技术研究

选择食堂废弃的地沟油为研究对象,通过控制水解条件,获得不同性质的地沟油改性捕收剂。分别探究温度、催化剂、乳化剂用量等因素对地沟油水解的影响规律,确定其最佳的改性条件。采用接触角测定表征地沟油的改性效果,通过比较地沟油改性捕收剂在固废浮选方面的应用效果。结果表明,地沟油改性剂具有一定的捕收作用,在浮选分离领域,可替代传统脂肪酸类捕收剂及非极性烃类捕收剂的使用。     

地沟油在煤炭浮选中的应用研究

使用改性地沟油部分代替柴油作为捕收剂,对煤泥进行浮选。结果表明:表面活性剂改性地沟油掺量60%、用量1 000 g/t与1 200 g/t时,能够达到与柴油相同的捕收效果。     

地沟油制备煤泥浮选捕收剂的研究

以黄陵煤为原料进行浮选研究,捕收剂分别为煤油、柴油、地沟油和乳化地沟油,在相同的浮选条件下加入不同的捕收剂,通过改变其用量对精煤产率、精煤灰分和尾煤产率进行研究.结果表明,加入OP乳化剂后油水比例为6∶4时乳化地沟油浮选效果最好,精煤产率为88.67％,精煤灰分从9.16％降到8.63％,尾煤产率为11.32％.     

地沟油制备煤泥捕收剂及其应用效果研究

为解决世界能源短缺问题和合理利用地沟油,以地沟油为原料、浓硫酸为催化剂,采用酯交换法制备煤泥捕收剂(以下简称WOC)。利用WOC和0#柴油对可浮性不同的煤泥进行浮选试验,结果表明:在相同试验条件下,WOC的浮选效果优于0#柴油,说明WOC对煤泥具有良好的捕收作用。     

新型LKD阴离子反浮选捕收剂的研究

介绍了阴离子反浮选捕收剂在我国的研究应用情况,研究了用臭氧(O3)氧化方式对脂肪酸进行改性合成捕收剂的方法。在此基础上,进行改性单一阴离子反浮选捕收剂的浮选试验、复配改性阴离子反浮选捕收剂的浮选试验和LKD新型阴离子反浮选捕收剂浮选试验研究。     

由地沟油制备羧酸捕收剂强化低阶煤浮选的研究

由于低阶煤表面含氧官能团的存在，用传统的非极性油捕收剂无法实现低阶煤泥的有效回收。与使用传统柴油捕收剂对比，本文在地沟油醇解为生物柴油的基础上进一步合成含有羧酸官能团的捕收剂来强化低阶煤浮选。通过红外光谱分析、核磁氢谱分析、X射线光电子能谱分析和接触角测定进一步分析了捕收剂促进浮选的机理。分别使用羧酸捕收剂、0^#柴油与生物柴油对某低阶极难浮选煤样进行浮选实验，结果表明，羧酸捕收剂获得的浮选精煤效果最好，比柴油捕收剂，精煤产率提升了14.63%，灰分下降了12.06%。     

卤代改性月桂酸捕收剂WN-01对氟碳铈矿的捕收性能研究

为解决氟碳铈矿浮选所用羟肟酸类捕收剂价格高、用量大、毒性强、难降解且起泡性较弱等问题,研发了一种新型卤代改性月桂酸捕收剂WN-01用于氟碳铈矿浮选提纯。实验结果表明,相比改性前的月桂酸,月桂酸卤代改性捕收剂WN-01取得的最佳粗精矿REO品位和回收率可分别提高4.45百分点和36.86百分点。改性脂肪酸捕收剂WN-01浮选氟碳铈矿的适宜条件为矿浆pH为8.5,矿浆温度为30℃,捕收剂用量为150 mg/L,抑制剂水玻璃用量为120 mg/L。在该条件下,REO品位为26.57%的氟碳铈矿经1次粗选3次精选2次扫选开路浮选,可得到REO品位为49.18%、回收率为80.72%的浮选精矿。产品鉴定结果表明,浮选精矿主要成分为氟碳铈矿,含极少量萤石,浮选尾矿主要是石英和硅灰石,改性脂肪酸捕收剂WN-01表现出了优异的捕收性能和选择性,可替代羟肟酸类捕收剂,实现氟碳铈矿绿色、高效浮选。     

复配捕收剂改善磷矿浮选效果的机理研究

以贵州某硅钙质胶磷矿为研究对象,选取油酸钠作为磷矿正浮选的捕收剂,与几种常用的表面活性剂进行复配,考察了复配捕收剂的浮选效果,并通过表面张力、Zeta电位、红外光谱、扫描电镜和TOC测定,研究了复配捕收剂的浮选机理,确定了磷矿正浮选合适的复配捕收剂。试验结果表明,油酸钠与表面活性剂复配后用于磷矿正浮选,可以改善油酸钠在矿浆中的水溶性和分散性,降低矿浆的表面张力和磷矿的Zeta电位,提高捕收剂在磷矿表面的吸附量,促进水解的油酸根离子与磷矿表面的Ca²⁺反应生成油酸钙沉淀,从而改善磷矿正浮选效果,提高浮选指标。     

新型白钨捕收剂在高钙白钨矿浮选中的试验研究

CHC和THC分别是以地沟油、植物油脚为原料研发的新型白钨矿捕收剂.对原矿品位WO30.24%,CaF217.37%,CaCO323.71%,S 0.29%的高钙型白钨矿,在浮硫选后进行了白钨矿浮选捕收剂的对比试验研究.结果表明,捕收剂CHC和THC对白钨矿具有选择性捕收效果好的特点,且用量少、成本低于常规捕收剂731,是价廉物美的新型白钨矿捕收剂.捕收剂CHC和THC的研制成功对白钨矿浮选技术指标的提高以及废弃物再生利用具有重要意义.     

萤石矿浮选药剂研究进展

针对萤石矿与方解石、重晶石等浮选分离困难的问题，介绍了萤石矿浮选中pH值调整剂、抑制剂及捕收剂的研究进展，重点介绍了常温浮选分离的抑制剂和捕收剂的种类、性能及作用机理。通过研究发现：捕收剂普遍存在适温性、分散性及耐酸碱性能差等缺点，提出了捕收剂改性处理及组合用药是提高萤石矿浮选效果的有效途径之一，并指明了耐低温、高选择性的浮选药剂是今后研究的主要方向。      

气泡、油泡和活性油质气泡在浮选中的应用和机理探讨

浮选是高效回收矿产资源应用最广泛的技术方法。气泡作为浮选载体在浮选过程中有着举足轻重的作用。以气泡-油泡-活性油质气泡为线索,对比了传统气泡与改性后油泡(气泡表层包裹一薄层油性捕收剂)、活性油质气泡(气泡表层包裹一薄层含有捕收剂的中性油)的浮选特性。通过浮选动力学分析了气泡与油泡、活性油质气泡浮选的区别,传统气泡浮选与改性后的油泡浮选均为2步反应,而活性油质气泡实现了1步浮选,大大降低了气泡与矿物颗粒间的黏附功,提高了浮选效率。从油-水界面表面活性剂解离度这个角度分析了活性油质气泡的表面性质,指出活性油质气泡的表面电性由表层中性油中添加的捕收剂和p H决定。通过DLVO理论计算了不同气泡与矿物颗粒间的相互作用能,从理论上解释了活性油质气泡浮选指标更好的原因。活性油质气泡在选矿中的成功应用表明,活性油质气泡与矿物表面的作用均强于传统气泡与矿物表面的作用,即活性油质气泡对矿物具有更强的捕收能力,相较于气泡和油泡的浮选,活性油质气泡浮选有利于提高浮选效率,降低捕收剂用量。活性油质气泡作为浮选载体从气泡这一特殊视觉为浮选行业开辟了一个崭新的研究领域。     

不同捕收剂对氧化煤表面性质影响的实验研究

为了提高氧化煤泥浮选效果,改善氧化煤浮选效率低下、药剂消耗较大的问题,选择了极性油酸和煤油的复配捕收剂,并加入了无机盐CaCl2,探究了在浮选过程中,单一及复配捕收剂,以及无机盐的加入对氧化煤浮选的作用机理和作用效果。结果表明:捕收剂的加入可以覆盖煤泥表面的亲水基团,增强煤泥与气泡的粘附几率;油酸煤油的复配捕收剂可以明显降低煤泥表面的亲水性,无机盐的加入更加促进了煤油在氧化煤表面的附着,煤泥表面因疏水性油膜的形成疏水性增强,利于浮选。     

The use of canola oil as an environmentally friendly flotation collector in sulphide mineral processing

The efficiency of mineral flotation relies on the ability to selectively recover different value minerals into their respective concentrates at optimum grades and recoveries based on the differing hydrophobicities. Many of the common hydrophobizing reagents (collectors) currently used in flotation have significant occupational and environmental implications, and hence there is a quest for environmentally benign chemical additives that give similar or better performance than the more toxic conventional reagents. In this paper, we provide substantial experimental evidence that the use of edible, fatty acid-based oils (canola and palm) can foster the flotation recovery of chalcopyrite and molybdenite minerals more selectively against pyrite than the conventional collectors, sodium isopropyl, potassium amyl xanthates and diesel oil.Single and mixed chalcopyrite/pyrite minerals and plant sulphide ores’ flotation studies using canola and palm oils, in contrast with conventional collectors, are reported herein. The results indicate greater efficacy of the canola and palm oils in comparison with the conventional collectors for chalcopyrite and molybdenite recoveries and product upgrades. This is believed to be due to the edible oils’ specific interactions with iron oxides sites preferentially formed in situ on the surfaces of the chalcopyrite or molybdenite in the pulp rather than on the pyrite surfaces, causing limited recovery of the pyrite. Complementary contact angle results confirmed that more canola oil is adsorbed onto chalcopyrite surfaces than onto pyrite surfaces. For the mineral mixtures tested, the edible oil’s degree of unsaturation had a noticeable effect on its performance as a collector. A higher pyrite recovery and slightly lower chalcopyrite grade was obtained with palm oil than with canola oil. These findings suggest that the use of canola oil has a potential to add to the existing array of flotation collectors and would represent a combined opportunity for both the mining and agricultural sectors, with concomitant health, environmental and economic benefits.     

四种阳离子捕收剂对赤铁矿和石英浮选行为的影响

以赤铁矿和石英为试验原料，探究了十二胺、十二烷基三甲基氯化铵、GE-609与N-十二烷基乙二胺四种阳离子捕收剂对两种矿物浮选行为的影响。结果表明，四种阳离子捕收剂对石英和赤铁矿均有一定的捕收作用，且对石英的捕收能力均强于赤铁矿；在四种捕收剂体系中，淀粉对赤铁矿均有明显的抑制作用，对于石英，淀粉除在N-十二烷基乙二胺体系中对石英一定抑制作用外，在其他三种捕收剂体系中淀粉对石英浮选影响较小。混合矿浮选试验表明，与十二胺和N-十二烷基乙二胺相比，十二烷基三甲基氯化铵和GE-609作为捕收剂时，精矿Fe品位和Fe回收率指标相对较优，与单矿物浮选结果一致。      

Process development for treatment of complex perovskite,ilmenite and rutile ores

The flotation processing characteristics of pervoskite, ilmenite and rutile from igneous and sedimentary ores were examined in the course of developing a commercial treatment process. Flotability of these minerals was found to be strongly influenced by a) flotation pH, b) pulp treatment before flotation, and c) type of collector.Modified ester-based collectors, such as phosphoric acid ester, were examined. When these collectors are modified with fatty alcohol ester sulphates, petroleum sulphonate or succinamate, their flotation performance is significantly improved. Efficient flotation of perovskite was achieved with phosphoric acid ester modified with fatty alcohol ester sulphate while ilmenite was floated with phosphoric acid ester modified with petroleum sulphonate. A mixture of phosphoric acid ester and succinamate was the most effective for rutile flotation.Modified phosphoric acid ester was evaluated in both laboratory and pilot plant testwork. Because of the complex gangue compositions of the ores tested, special attention was placed on the selection and evaluation of different gangue depressants.This paper summarizes progress in the development of new collectors for flotation of titanium minerals from complex titanium ores.     

微细粒辉钼矿浮选机理研究

研究了微细粒辉钼矿在煤油、柴油和XM31等3种油类捕收剂体系下的浮选行为，并通过红外光谱分析、界面相互作用计算等手段揭示了油类捕收剂与微细粒辉钼矿的作用机理。结果表明，新型油类捕收剂XM31在水中的分散能力优于煤油和柴油; 在pH=2~11范围内，XM31对微细粒辉钼矿的团聚捕收效果也优于煤油和柴油; 3种油类捕收剂均主要以物理吸附形式与微细粒辉钼矿发生作用。界面相互作用计算结果表明，在水介质中油类捕收剂与微细粒辉钼矿之间存在范德华引力，但起团聚捕收作用的主要因素是由Lewis酸碱相互作用造成的疏水引力; 根据疏水引力大小判断，油类捕收剂在辉钼矿表面上的吸附强度大小顺序为煤油>柴油>XM31。浮选实验结果表明，辉钼矿在3种捕收剂体系下的回收率高低顺序为XM31>柴油>煤油，说明油类捕收剂在矿浆中的分散能力比其在矿物表面的吸附强度对辉钼矿浮选指标的影响更大。     

Fundamental study of reactive oily-bubble flotation

A novel concept of reactive oily bubbles (i.e., bubbles covered by a thin layer of oil containing oil-soluble collectors) as a carrier in flotation is proposed. In addition to the role of fine particle agglomeration by oily films, the surface properties of air bubbles coated with a thin oil film can be better controlled for the desired selectivity by adding certain types and concentrations of water insoluble collectors into the oil phase. Oily bubbles attain a much higher contact angle than air bubbles, ensuring a strong collecting power, favorably for floating both coarse and fine particles. The reactive oily bubble flotation can eliminate the addition of collector to the aqueous phase, avoid undesired synergetic interactions among collectors, activators, depressants and dispersants present in slurry, minimize undesired activation of gangue particles and significantly reduce the amount of collectors needed.The electrokinetics of kerosene droplets in aqueous collector solutions was measured as a function of solution pH. The results clearly showed that the surface charge and hence the surface properties of oil droplets can be finely tuned by controlling the type of the collectors to suit the desired flotation needs. The attachment of collector-containing oily bubbles on silica, sphalerite and galena surfaces was investigated with contact angle measurement. The concept of using reactive oily bubble to achieve selective flotation was demonstrated in microflotation tests.     

Adsorption of collectors on model surface of Wiser bituminous coal: A molecular dynamics simulation study

Coal flotation makes use of the hydrophobicity of coal surface. To enhance the hydrophobicity of coal particles, oily collectors are usually added. Although collectors have been widely applied in coal processing, the microscopic collection mechanism remains a formidable task due to the complexity of coal surface structure. In this work, different combined systems formed by collectors, water and a model surface of Wiser bituminous coal have been studied using molecular dynamics calculations. We modeled the interaction of each collector oil droplet with the coal surface in aqueous phase. In addition, water/collector model systems were also considered in order to reproduce the interaction of the different collectors with water molecules in the collector adsorption process. The results indicate that all three collectors, i.e. dodecane, nonylbenzene and nonylphenol, form spherical insoluble oil droplet in aqueous phase. After the addition of collector droplet over coal surface, all these collectors could thermodynamically repel the interfacial water molecules and spread over the coal surface, thereby reducing roughness of coal surface. The adsorption of nonylphenol on coal surface via both π–π stacking and hydrogen bonds is most favorable, followed by that of nonylbenzene and dodecane. The presence of collector on the coal surface could improve the hydrophobicity. The number of hydrogen bond between water and modified coal surface decreases and the mobility of water molecules increases compared to the original coal surface. However, the extent of hydrophobicity of modified coal surface by these collectors is inconsistent with their adsorption capabilities. Nonylphenol is the worst collector to improve the surface hydrophobicity of coal as part of nonylphenol molecules orient away from coal surface to form hydrogen bonds via their hydroxyl groups with water molecules. Dodecane should be the most effective collector as the hydration energy of the modified surface and the number of formed hydrogen bond between this surface and water molecules are the lowest, whereas the mobility of water molecules on this modified surface is the highest.     

极性基团协同效应原理在氧化锌矿石捕收剂开发中的应用现状

多极性基团之间协同作用对捕收剂的捕收性能和选择性具有重要影响,基于极性基团间的协同效应开发新型、高效的浮选药剂已成为国内外研究的热点。对极性基团间协同作用在强化氧化锌矿石捕收剂浮选性能中的应用情况进行总结和分析。结果表明,多键合作用可以显著提升捕收剂对含锌氧化矿物的捕收性能和分选效率,极性基团间电子效应则可改善捕收剂的物理化学性能提高浮选效率。深入研究极性基团协同作用机理,对精准调控捕收剂浮选能力具有重要意义。     

某难选钼矿混合浮选试验研究

某钼矿因矿石氧化率高、含矿泥多,碳酸盐脉石矿物含量高,造成选矿难度较大。选矿试验采用硫化钼和氧化钼混合浮选全浮选流程,粗精矿浓缩后在高碱度下加温精选,精选精矿酸处理除去碳酸盐及其它酸溶脉石矿物,得到合格的钼精矿,试验指标为原矿钼品位0.17%,钼精矿品位45.65%,钼回收率70.68%。