地应力及原生裂隙对水力压裂起裂方向和起裂压力的影响

在理论计算水力压裂起裂压力和起裂方向的基础上,利用应力-渗流耦合数值模拟方法,研究了地应力和原生裂隙对水力压裂过程中裂纹起裂和扩展的影响,得出了起裂压力和扩展压力随侧压系数的变化趋势;对比分析了不含预制裂纹和含预制裂纹压裂模型的起裂压力和方向;探讨了含裂纹模型起裂转向的临界应力条件;最后,通过应力分析阐述了地应力和原生裂隙对水力压裂起裂的影响机理。     

低透气性煤层脉动注水增透机理研究及数值分析

为了有效提高低透气性煤层渗透率,提出脉动注水增透技术,从微观机理上对脉动注水原理和疲劳裂纹起裂扩展过程进行了研究。在充分考虑有效应力以及滑动摩擦力的基础上,结合 Ⅰ-Ⅱ型裂纹断裂判据,首次计算得到考虑影响因素较全面的煤体原级裂纹起裂的临界裂隙水压计算公式;通过将分支裂纹力学模型简化为悬臂梁模型,计算得到适合分支裂纹起裂扩展的裂隙水压范围。通过FLAC3D内嵌FISH程序语言编写脉动注水函数,实现了对裂纹尖端裂隙水压变化趋势以及裂纹扩展规律的数值模拟,模拟结果表明原级裂纹起裂扩展临界裂隙水压为13.1 MPa,分支裂纹初次起裂扩展水压为12.91 MPa;裂纹扩展半径在水平方向为3.6 m,竖直方向为2.3 m。现场试验表明脉动注水压裂增透效果明显优于普通注水压裂增透效果。     

地应力对水力压裂效果的影响

针对地应力对深部裸眼井水力压裂效果的影响,基于ANSYS有限元分析软件和弹性力学的知识,建立了裸眼完井的2种有限元计算模型,并对其进行了基于弹性力学的理论计算。结果表明,随着地应力的增加,井筒附近的拉应力逐渐减小,从而导致水力压裂裂纹的起裂难度增加;地应力对水力压裂的裂纹影响还表现在起裂位置和裂纹发展方向上。     

受压脆性岩石Ⅰ-Ⅱ型复合裂纹水力压裂研究

在线弹性断裂力学理论的基础上,运用最大周向拉应变理论,分析了受远场地应力作用及裂纹面受水压力作用下脆性岩石裂纹的起裂方向及起裂条件。论述了泊松比μ对开裂角θ0,θ0-β关系以及断裂包络线的影响,给出了满足最大周向拉应变理论的Ⅰ-Ⅱ复合型断裂包络线;定义水力压裂裂纹扩展影响因子D并分析其对水力压裂裂纹起裂及扩展的影响,D值逐渐增大时,KⅡ 逐渐减小,KⅠ逐渐发挥主导作用,与数值计算结果一致;最后进行实例分析,并与现场水力压裂结果比较,二者结果比较接近。     

基于扩展有限元的渗流作用下岩石裂纹扩展研究

基于弹性力学和断裂力学的理论对裂纹的起裂准则、扩展长度进行了理论分析。使用扩展有限元方法建立裂纹岩体模型,针对单裂纹在渗流应力状态下的扩展规律进行了数值模拟,对渗流-应力耦合下的裂纹扩展规律进行了研究。     

岩体水力定向压裂技术的研究

水力压裂是高效破岩技术之一,在煤岩层增透、卸压控制等方向应用较多。但是,目前煤岩体定向压裂控制方向的研究相对较少。为突破常规煤岩体压裂限制,本文研究水力破岩压裂技术的可控性及适用性。为分析水力压裂的定向控制性,开展了理论和数值分析,理论分析和数值分析结果相一致,在λ<1时,起裂、扩展压力随λ增加而增加,在λ>1时起裂压力、扩展压力随λ增加而减小,主裂纹沿最大主应力方向扩展;在近似等围压条件,定向控制裂纹可以引导和控制破岩主裂纹的扩展,且定向控制裂纹与最大主应力的方位角越小,定向控制裂纹对主裂纹引导作用越明显。基于理论和数值分析结果,可知水力定向压裂技术具有较好的应用价值。     

实验尺度下的煤岩水力压裂数值模拟研究

为研究煤岩水力压裂的过程,及其受初始破裂单元和流体注入速度的影响,通过实验图像建立了煤层水力压裂的天然裂缝网络模型。再结合现有的牵引分离准则及流体流动模型建立了煤岩水力压裂数值模拟模型,通过ABAQUS进行数值模拟计算。讨论了煤岩水力裂缝的形成以及数值模拟中的初始破裂单元设置和流体注入速度对裂缝扩展的影响。结果表明:(1)实验尺度的水力压裂实验研究和数值模拟研究的边界效应应该被考虑;(2)煤岩水力压裂过程中,裂缝发育可能贯穿于整个压裂过程中;(3)初始破裂单元个数的增加,煤岩水力压裂的流体压力曲线上的起裂压力逐渐降低,甚至可能低于扩展压力;(4)流体注入速度越大,煤岩水力压裂的起裂压力和破裂压力越大,而流体注入速度对煤岩水力裂缝扩展的影响存在一定的波动性,应综合考虑。     

岩体水力定向压裂技术研究

水力压裂是高效破岩技术之一,在煤岩层增透、卸压控制等方向应用较多。但是,目前就煤岩体定向压裂控制方向的研究相对较少。为突破常规煤岩体压裂限制,本文研究水力破岩压裂技术的可控性及适用性。为分析水力压裂的定向控制性,开展了理论和数值分析。结果表明,在λ1时,起裂、扩展压力随λ增加而增加,在λ1时起裂压力、扩展压力随λ增加而减小,主裂纹沿最大主应力方向扩展;在近似等围压条件下,定向控制裂纹可以引导和控制破岩主裂纹的扩展,且定向控制裂纹与最大主应力的方位角越小,定向控制裂纹对主裂纹引导作用越明显。基于理论和数值分析结果,可知水力定向压裂技术具有较好的应用价值。     

东大煤矿水力压裂技术工艺与现场实验

为降低东大煤矿3号煤层瓦斯突出危险性,采用水力压裂技术强化瓦斯抽采效果。通过理论分析与数值模拟探究水力压裂裂缝扩展机理,并分析了压裂时间与注入量对裂纹扩展规律的影响。结果表明：水力裂缝的起裂压力约为4 MPa,实施水力压裂技术后,瓦斯抽采体积分数提高了3.05倍,抽采流量提高了2.95倍,瓦斯抽采纯量提高了11.7倍。     

基于扩展有限元的三维水力压裂数值模拟研究

针对坚硬煤层开采过程中出现难以截割及截齿磨损严重等问题,用扩展有限元方法作为工具,考虑围压差与定向射孔方位角对水力压裂的影响,进行坚硬煤层水力压裂裂纹起裂和裂纹扩展规律数值模拟研究。数值模拟结果表明:水力压裂过程分为裂隙萌生、零散发育、均匀扩展和压裂终止4个阶段,起裂压力随着围压差系数和定向射孔方位角的增大而增大。     

Market and recycling of NiMH battery

<正>Market status and future trend of NiMH battery1.Global market of small NiMH battery Global market size of small NiMH batteries declined year on year since 2011.The trend will continue to 2018,at the rate of 5%to 10%annually.Demand for small NiMH batteries will be stable gradually.Many electrical apparatuses are powered by the built-in lithium battery today,which is the main reason for the shrunk market of small NiMH batteries.But,for some products,small NiMH     

China rare earth market review

正September 1-10,2014 Affected by the National Day holiday,rare earth transaction was stagnant and the market showed a weak steady state.As there was no good news for downstream market,some products with flat demand would likely rally slightly for some time to     

Current situation and future trend of China rare earth luminescent materialindustry(continued)

<正>Developing ecological lighting source The world is facing the big problem of energy shortage today and the contradiction between economy development and environmental protection is worsened.Therefore,people are more likely to choose an ecological light source that is more energy efficient and environmental friendly.The choice provides great opportunity for the development of rare earth optical material industry in China.The concept of green lighting positions rare earth luminescent material as a leading player in illumination market.The light source of both rare earth luminescent lamp and LED lamp is ecological and energy saving.This is why     

Galaxy Magnets achieved the net profit of 34.02 million yuan in the first six months of 2014

正Galaxy Magnet announced its financial results for the first half of 2014 on August 14.For the first six months ended on 30 June 2014,Galaxy Magnet achieved operation income of RMB 182.3 million,up8.40% over the same period of 2013,and the net profit attributable to the shareholders of the listed company of 34.02 million yuan,increasing 35.49% over the same period of last year.Stable performance increase was led by development of new customers and application market of magnets.     

Rare Earth Application in Steel in China

<正>China has rich rare earth resources.Output of rare earth and steel in China ranks the top first in the world.However,there is still certain distance between the steel produced in China and developed countries from the point of varieties and quality.China still has to import some types of steel.Improving the quality should be emphasiZed in future development of steel industry in China.Rare earth can be used to upgrade traditional steel     

China rare earth market review

正November 21~30,2014Due to weak demand from downstream industries,transactions of rare earth in Chinese domestic market were inactive.It was difficult to sell any rare earth products except for dysprosium oxide and terbium oxide.Suppliers lost confidence in recent market.Demand for rare earth products was soft.Consumers continued to take a wait-and-see attitude.Rare earth export market remained slow.     

稀散金属产业的观察与思考

分析了近年来国内外稀散金属产业的生产、应用、资源与市场状况.铟锡氧化物靶材、砷化镓晶片、锗红外材料、铼高温合金和硒在电解锰及玻璃的应用等已成为稀散金属的主要应用领域.稀散金属的产量快速增长达到历史高位而导致了市场的失衡.以GaInP_2/GaAs/Ge,CIGS和CdTe为代表的非硅系太阳能电池是稀散金属的新兴应用领域,将给稀散金属带来日益增长的需求.     

Current situation and future trend of China rare earth luminescent material industry

<正>Rare earth luminescent material is one of the most important application sectors of rare earths.China enjoys the exceptional advantage to develop rare earth luminescent material for its abundant rare earth resources.After several decades'endeavor,China's rare earth luminescent material industry,headed by rare earth phosphor for lamp and LED and high efficient rare earth energy-saving light source,has been gradually developed into a scale industry.China has become a major production base of rare earth phosphor for lamps and rare earth     

China rare earth market review

正June 1~10,2014Rare earth market remained weak.Quoted price of rare earth products was similar to that in May.There was no sign of recovery in downstream market.The market of NdFeB magnetic materials and phosphor was depressed.Catalyst,polishing powder and ceramic industries remained inactive.Demand from downstream industry was soft.Consumers purchased on their needs.Suppliers had strong intention to sell.Prices of rare earth products     

2014 second batch of rare earth quota released

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