冷轧0.02C-6.56Si高硅钢薄板的力学和磁性能

通过25 kg真空感应炉熔炼,锻造开坯,1050～850℃热轧至1 mm,650℃温轧至0.3 mm,再冷轧成0.05 mm高硅钢(％:0.02C、6.56Si、0.14Mn、0.013P、0.004S、0.02Al)薄板。冷轧板经过1 200℃1.5 h真空退火后,得到无取向硅钢。与普通取向硅钢相比,在0.07 T,20 kHz的高硅钢薄板铁损降低14.7％,30 kHz的铁损降低19.7％,40 kHz的铁损降低28.1％;该钢是一种优良的软磁材料,在冷轧后的强度达1 480 MPa。     

低碳微合金双相钢沉淀相粒子的分析

采用萃取复型技术研究了实验室Φ450轧机控轧控冷后铁素体-马氏体双相钢(%:0.08C、0.22Si、1.02Mn、0.02Nb、0.013Ti、0.034Al)中沉淀相粒子。结果表明,该钢在1200℃时就存在尺寸为几十纳米的(Nb,Ti) (CN),经X-射线能谱分析得出,小颗粒中Nb含量大于Ti含量,形状不规则,大颗粒沉淀相主要含Ti,Nb含量较少,呈长方形;经控轧控冷后(Nb,Ti)(CN)为间隙析出,且主要在晶界处析出。     

空冷低碳贝氏体钢DB590的组织和性能

试验用空冷低碳贝氏体钢DB590(%:0.06C、0.92Mn、0.49Mo、0.65Cr、0.02Nb、0.08V、0.001 0B)由50 kg真空感应炉熔炼、铸成22 kg锭、锻成(mm)100×100×150钢坯,并控制轧成16 mm板,空冷。通过Gleeble 1500热模拟机得出该钢的CCT曲线。DB590钢轧后空冷(3℃/s)的组织为贝氏体+铁素体基体,钢板的抗拉强度645 MPa,屈服强度471 MPa,伸长率32%,0℃冲击功94 J以及优良的冷弯性能。     

贝氏体区等温时间对低硅TRIP钢组织和力学性能的影响

研究了0.15C-1.5Mn-1.5Al-0.3Si TRIP钢820℃2 min加热后快冷至450℃盐浴中保温5～300s空冷的组织和力学性能。结果表明,随在贝氏体转变区450℃等温时间的增加,该钢的屈服强度和伸长率增加,抗拉强度降低,等温时间60s时强塑积最佳,为23 000MPa%;等温时间≤60s时随等温时间增加钢中残余奥氏体含量增加,>60s时随等温时间的增加钢中残余奥氏体含量降低,60s时钢中残余奥氏体达到最高值,为14%。     

钎具钢55SiMnMo轧材表面裂纹的成因分析及工艺改进

针对100 t BOF-LF-VD-Φ450 mm连铸坯-Φ200 mm轧材流程生产的钎具钢55SiMnMo轧材表面易产生裂纹缺陷，分析对比了过热度、二次冷却、拉速、成分(Ti.B)等对缺陷的影响。通过工艺改进；控制钢水过热度20～30℃,控制B含量≤0.0008%,加Ti 0.015%～0.025%,拉速0.41 m/min,二冷比水量0.17 L/kg,使裂纹的缺陷率由原来的12.2%降低到1.6%。     

SA508-3 钢平衡相转变的热力学计算和分析

采用Thermo-Calc热力学软件计算了SA508-3钢(％:0．19C、0．01-0．22Si、1．40-1．58Mn、0．65- 0．76Ni、0．50-0．55Mo)的析出相、析出温度和各相的含量,并研究了Si和Mn-Ni-Mo含量对该钢析出相的影响。计算结果表明,SA508-3钢平衡态的析出相主要为合金渗碳体、M7C3及Mo的碳化物。Si含量变化对钢中各相析出温度和析出量无显著影响。随Mo含量降低,钢中脆性相析出减少,但对合金渗碳体析出无显著影响。SA508-3钢最佳回火温度为643-678℃。     

轧制变形对U75V重轨钢珠光体片层间距的影响

U75V重轨钢铸坯尺寸为280 mm×380 mm,重轨轧材经14道次粗轧(BD1)、中轧(BD2)和CCS 6道次精轧(UR₁、ER、UR₂、UR₃、EF、UF)而成。用扫描电镜测量了重轨钢各道次珠光体片层间距。结果表明,随重轨钢BD1E、BD2B、UR和UF道次变形量(面积压缩比)增加,重轨头部、腰部、底部和腿部的珠光体组织片层间距分别由0.512,0.414,0.493,0.452μm降至0.293,0.269,0.253,0.229μm,从而明显地提高重轨的力学性能。     

Eutectic-gradient wear resistance in materials

New iron-base eutectic powder alloys have been developed (Fe−Mn−C−B−Si−Ni−Al−Sc, Fe−Mn−C−B−Si−Cr−Al−Sc, Fe−Mn−C−B−Si−Ni−Cr−Al−Sc) for wear-resistant coatings. The thermodynamic affinity for oxygen has been used in the technology for alloying the liquid with the necessary elements. Institute for Problems of Materials Science, Ukraine, National Academy of Sciences, Kiev, State University “L'vivska Polytechnika”, and Lublin Polytechical Institute, Poland. Translated from Poroshkovaya Metallurgiya, Nos. 7–8(408), pp. 17–21, July–August, 1999.     

The dependence of the oxidation state of vanadium on the oxygen pressure in melts of VOx,Na2O-VOx,and CaO-SiO2-VOx

The oxidation state of vanadium has been determined as a function of oxygen pressure in pure VO_x melts at 808 °C to 1000 °C, in Na₂O-VO_x melts with the initial molar ratios Na₂O/V₂O₅ = 0.2, 0.5, and 1.0 at 1000 °C, and in CaO-SiO₂-VO_x melts with the molar ratios CaO/SiO₂ = 0.71, 1.00, and 1.36 at 1600 °C. In the VO_x melts,x is close to 2.5 in the range of oxygen pressure fromP _{O 2} to 0.94 atm. The deviation, δ, from stoichiometric V₂O₅ (δ = 2.5-x) varies approximately proportionally toP _{O 2} ^-1/4, indicating an equilibrium between V⁴⁺ and V⁵⁺ ions. In the Na₂O-VO_x melts, and in the CaO-SiO₂-VO_x melts,x varies with logP _{O 2} according to an S-shaped function, withx approaching 1.5 at low and 2.5 at high oxygen pressures. At given oxygen pressures,x increases with Na₂O or CaO content, respectively. Hence, these oxides stabilize the higher valent vanadium ions. For the CaO-SiO₂-VO_x system, the determinedx-P _{O 2} dependence can be interpreted quantitatively in terms of V⁴⁺/V⁵⁺ and V³⁺/V⁴⁺ equilibria.     

微合金化渗碳齿轮钢的研究进展

通过添加Al、Nb、Tj、N和B等微合金化元素可细化渗碳齿轮钢的晶粒,提高切削性能和钢的疲劳性能;同时通过添加Nb、Ti等元素,可缩短渗碳时间,精简工序,降低成本。介绍了微合金化冷锻齿轮钢,高温渗碳齿轮钢,高强韧性齿轮钢的钢种、化学成分、生产工艺特点和研究进展。     

Influence of oxygen on phase transformations in a Ti-48 At. pct Al alloy

The composition and structure of Ti-48 at. pct Al alloys with various oxygen contents, quenched from a homogeneous α state, have been studied by means of one-dimensional atom-probe (1DAP) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis. Two regimes are observed. The change from one regime to the other depends on the global oxygen content. If the oxygen content is lower than 1.2 at. pct, the α→γ _m massive transformation is involved during the quench. The alloys, hence, exhibit massive γ _m-structure regions and regions having a two-phase (α ₂+γ) ultrafine lamellar structure. Very thin α ₂ plates, saturated with oxygen, are observed in γ _m regions. The precipitation of these α ₂ plates is promoted by excess oxygen in the γ _m structure. Within ultra-fine lamellar-structure regions, oxygen is concentrated in α ₂ lamellae (not saturated with oxygen) and is found to be responsible for the high volume fraction of α ₂ phase. When the oxygen content is larger than 1.2 at. pct, the massive transformation is suppressed and the ultrafine lamellar structure is only observed in quenched samples. Analysis of the α → α ₂ chemical ordering in the classical lamellar structure, formed within the (α+γ) dual-phase field, shows that high oxygen contents favor the chemical-ordering reaction of α phase at high temperatures (e.g., 1423 and 1523 K). It has, hence, been inferred that, above 1.2 at. pct O, the α → γ _m massive transformation is suppressed and replaced by the α → α ₂+y transformation paths. This article is based on a presentation made in the symposium entitled “Fundamentals of Structural Intermetallics,” presented at the 2002 TMS Annual Meeting, February 21–27, 2002, in Seattle, Washington, under the auspices of the ASM and TMS Joint Committee on Mechanical Behavior of Materials.     

09CuPTiRE钢连铸板坯表面纵裂分析和改进工艺实践

09CuPTiRE耐候钢(%:≤0.12C、0.06～0.12P、≤0.020S、0.25～0.50Cu、≤0.03Ti、0.01～0.04RE) 180mm×1200mm板坯由80t转炉-钢包吹氩-板坯连铸机生产。通过控制Cu/Ti≤20、P含量≤0.11%、RE含量0.01%～0.03%,使用09CuPTiRE钢专用保护渣,结晶器液面波动≤10mm,减少二冷配水量15%等工艺措施,使09CuPTiRE钢板坯纵裂发生率由15%降至0.5%。     

Phase quilibria in Co−Me'C−Me″C alloys. II. Systems with four-phase eutectic equilibrium

State diagrams of Co−Me′−Me″−C (Me: Ti, Zr, Hf, V, Nb, Ta) systems are plotted on the basis of experimental data for the Co−ZrC_0.81−VC_0.83′, Co−HfC_0.94−VC_0.83′ Co−TiC_0.8−HfC_0.81′ Co−TiC_0.8−HfC_0.94′ Co−VC_0.88−NbC_0.82′ Co−VC_0.83−TaC_0.82′ and Co−ZrC_0.81−TaC_0.82 sections. Each of the three-dimensional diagrams of all the sections has three binary eutectics and a single ternary eutectic. The systems have no ternary compounds. Institute of Metal Physics, Ukrainian Academy of Sciences, Kiev. Translated from Poroshkovaya Metallurgiya, Nos. 3–4, pp. 86–90, March–April, 1997.     

The neodymium-gold phase diagram

The Nd-Au phase diagram was studied in the 0 to 100 at. pct Au composition range by differential thermal analysis (DTA), X-ray diffraction (XRD), optical microscopy (LOM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and electron probe microanalysis (EPMA). Six intermetallic phases were identified, the crystallographic structures were determined or confirmed, and the melting behavior was determined, as follows: Nd₂Au, orthorhombic oP12-Co₂Si type, peritectic decomposition at 810 °C; NdAu, R.T. form, orthorhombic oP8-FeB type, H.T. forms, orthorhombic oC8-CrB type and, at a higher temperature, cubic cP2-CsCl type, melting point 1470 °C; Nd₃Au₄, trigonal hR42-Pu₃Pd₄ type, peritectic decomposition at 1250 °C; Nd₁₇Au₃₆, tetragonal tP106-Nd₁₇Au₃₆ type, melting point 1170 °C; Nd₁₄Au₅₁, hexagonal hP65-Gd₁₄Ag₅₁ type, melting point 1210 °C; and NdAu₆, monoclinic mC28-PrAu₆ type, peritectic decomposition at 875 °C. Four eutectic reactions were found, respectively, at 19.0 at. pct Au and 655 °C, at 63.0 at. pct Au and 1080 °C, at 72.0 at. pct Au and 1050 °C, and, finally, at 91.0 at. pct Au and 795 °C. A catatectic decomposition of the (βNd) phase, at 825 °C and ≈1 at. pct Au, was also found. The results are briefly discussed and compared to those for the other rare earth-gold (R-Au) systems. A short discussion of the general alloying behavior of the “coinage metals” (Cu, Ag, and Au) with the rare-earth metals is finally presented.     

采用控轧控冷工艺生产车轮用轮辐钢板

通过1700 mm热连轧机组对轮辐钢(%:0.09C、0.12Si、0.98Mn、0.010P、0.005S、0.010Nb、0.04Als)进行830～890℃终轧温度和620～680℃卷取温度的轧制试验。结果表明,板坯加热温度1230～1250℃、终轧温度(870±15)℃、卷取温度(660±15)℃生产的车轮用轮辐钢板的组织为细铁素体加少量的珠光体,屈服强度335～380 MPa,抗拉强度430～485 MPa,伸长率26%～31%,每卷带钢的纵向强度差为13～37 MPa,在车轮制作过程中冲压成型良好,冲废率小于0.3%。     

碳含量对贝氏体型冷作强化非调质钢的组织和力学性能的影响

研究了0.09%～0.14%C含量对5%～50%冷拔减面率和100～500℃2 h时效处理的2Mn-0.003B-0.05Ti非调质钢组织和力学性能的影响。结果表明,当碳含量较低(0.09%～0.12%C)时,可获得比较细小均匀的粒状贝氏体组织,但当碳含量为0.14%时,则组织中出现块状铁素体;在相同的拉拔减面率下,随着碳含量的增加,该钢的强度提高,塑性降低,当减面率较大时,这种差别比较明显;随着碳含量的升高,时效处理后的该钢强度增量明显降低。     

热处理对耐热钢X12CrMoWVNbN10-1-1力学性能的影响

研究了淬火温度1025～1125℃+570℃4 h空冷+720℃2 h空冷和1050～1075℃淬火后二次回火温度680～780℃对马氏体耐热钢X12CrMoWVNbN10-1-1(%:0.11C、10.28Cr、0.77Ni、1.0Mo、0.96W、0.18V、0.04Nb、0.053N)力学性能的影响。结果表明,随淬火温度的提高,钢的强度增加,塑性变化不大,但冲击韧性显著下降。随回火温度的提高,强度下降、塑性、韧性增加。该钢优化的热处理工艺为:1 050～1 075℃1～2 h油冷+570℃4 h空冷+715～725℃2 h空冷。     

Oxygen Permeation of Partly Molten Slags

The conductivities, oxygen ion transference numbers, and oxygen permeation fluxes of NiO-30, 36, 42, and 48 wt pct Bi₂O₃, In₂O₃-30, 36, 42, and 48 wt pct Bi₂O₃, ZnO-15, 20, 25, and 30 wt pct Bi₂O₃, ZrV₂O₇-16, 20, 24, and 28 wt pct V₂O₅, and BiVO₄-5, 7, 10, and 12 wt pct V₂O₅ partly molten slags have been measured by using the four-probe DC, volumetric measurements of the faradaic efficiency, and gas flow techniques, respectively, under various temperatures and oxygen partial pressure gradients. Results indicate that in the ranges of slag layer thicknesses 1 to 5 mm and temperatures 923 K to 1173 K (650 °C to 900 °C), used in the present study, the overall oxygen permeation kinetics is controlled by both chemical diffusion and surface exchange reactions. The oxygen permeation fluxes (3 × 10^?9 to 9 × 10^?8 mol/cm² s) were found to increase with volume fraction of liquid. The oxygen ion transference number was found to be in the range 0.2 to 0.8. The ambipolar conductivity, characteristic thickness, and surface exchange coefficient were estimated to be in the ranges 1.1 × 10^?3 to 2.3 × 10^?1 S/cm, 2 × 10^?2 to 7 × 10^?2 cm, and 1.3 × 10^?6 to 2.1 × 10^?6 cm/s, respectively.     

Adsorption behavior of rare earth elements using polyethyleneglycol (phosphomolybdate and tungstate) heteropolyacid sorbents in nitric solution

A new type of crystalline sorbent was prepared by the reaction of polyethyleneglycol (PEG) with phosphomolybdic (PMo) and phosphotungstic (PW) heteropolyacids. The morphology of the obtained sorbents was studied by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). It has been shown that a complexing reaction occurs between PEG and the heteropolyacids. By using these sorbents, the adsorption behaviors of rare earth elements in nitric solution were studied. The effects of temperature, contact time, nitric acid and initial metal ion concentration on the adsorption were investigated. In 0.1–5.0 mol L^− 1HNO₃, the adsorption percentage decreases with the increase of acid concentration. H,PEG400,PW and H,PEG400,PMo exhibited a different selectivity for rare earth metals, with H,PEG400,PW adsorbing in the order of La³⁺ > Y³⁺ > Pr³⁺ > Gd³⁺ > Sm³⁺, and H,PEG400,PMo in the order of Y³⁺ > La³⁺ > Pr³⁺ > Gd³⁺ > Sm³⁺. The experimental maximum adsorption capacities of the sorbents are in the range of 90–225 mg g^− 1 for Y³⁺, La³⁺, Pr³⁺, Sm³⁺ and Gd³⁺. In all cases, the maximum adsorption capacities of H,PEG400,PW are near to those of H,PEG400,PMo. The equilibrium data were evaluated according to the Freundlich and Langmuir isotherms and the Langmuir equation gave a better fit and modeled the adsorption well.