新造渣模式下转炉炼钢成渣过程的岩相研究

对新造渣模式("石灰+石灰石+生白云石"造渣模式)下的钢渣岩相进行分析,通过化学分析得到在该模式下转炉渣的主要成分,再结合显微结构图和岩相图,进一步分析此造渣模式下的岩相。研究结果表明:在该造渣模式下,冶炼5min渣样的矿相组成主要以黄长石相、RO相为主;冶炼12min渣样的矿相组成主要以RO相、方镁石为主;终点渣样的矿相组成主要以C_2S,RO相为主;溅渣前(后)渣样的矿相组成主要以C_2S,RO相为主。并且该模式可以更好地加快转炉内的化学反应速度,有利于前期脱磷反应的进行,使渣中的磷始终处于较低的水平。     

6RO—X系列捕收剂浮选氧化铅锌矿

介绍了用6RO—X系列捕收剂浮选菱锌矿、硫酸铅、方解石、石英等单矿物,并浮选分离菱锌矿—石英(1∶1)、菱锌矿—方解石(1∶1)、硫酸铝—石英(1∶1)、硫酸铅—方解石(1∶1)混合矿的情况,并用ζ—电位及红外光谱研究了6RO—X捕收菱锌矿和硫酸铅的机理。     

吗啉废水的生化处理工艺

以含有吗啉、甲基吗啉的高浓度有机废水为研究对象,提出了曝气吹脱-吸附-生物处理的联合工艺,并在室内进行了小试实验.结果表明:原废水经过2次曝气吹脱后,ρ(NH3-N)从62 500 mg/L降为431 mg/L,ρ(COD)从50 840 mg/L降为26 051 mg/L.通过吸附实验,ρ(COD)从26 051 mg/L降为2 769 mg/L,ρ(NH3-N)从412 mg/L降为134 mg/L.在生物处理室内小试实验中,采用了活性污泥反应器与曝气生物滤池相结合的处理工艺.在活性污泥反应系统中,当废水pH为7.5、ρ(DO)为4.3 mg/L、水力停留时间为30 h时,COD的去除率最高,可以达到83.1%.在曝气生物滤池中,当ρ(DO)为3.3 mg/L时,COD去除率最高,达到55.8%.在生物处理的最佳参数条件下进行连续监测,当进水ρ(COD)为2 769mg/L、出水ρ(COD)平均值为387 mg/L时,COD去除率可达到85.9%.吗啉废水经过此联合工艺的处理,ρ(COD)从50 840 mg/L降为387 mg/L.     

热膜耦合海水淡化实验研究

以热法海水淡化浓盐水及原海水作为原料水,采用中空纤维反渗透膜进行了将近2个月的实验研究。实验结果表明,砂过滤器过滤速度及反冲洗、絮凝剂投加量对砂过滤器出水SDI值有较大影响。砂过滤器对浊度具有较好去除效果,但不能有效去除影响RO膜性能的热法海水淡化消泡剂(聚丙二醇)等物质。在整个实验期间,RO膜产水电导率为100~250μS/cm,RO膜脱盐率99.55%;浓盐水实验阶段RO膜进水压力明显高于混合水实验阶段,分别为5.8~6.1 MPa、5.0~5.3MPa。并对热膜耦合海水淡化实际工程实施中应注意的问题提出建议。     

浅谈垃圾渗沥液处理的工程应用

结合某项目公司渗沥液处理工程,介绍厌氧+生化+膜处理工艺在渗沥液处理中的应用。该渗沥液处理站采用高效厌氧反应器UAIC+AO+MBR+NF+RO膜组合工艺,稳定运行后部分超滤产水与纳滤产水混合后达到《GB8978—1996污水综合排放标准》三级标准(COD300 mg/L)外排至污水处理厂。剩余纳滤产水经过反渗透后达到《GB/T19923—2005城市污水再生利用工业用水水质标准》后作为项目生产水补充回用。该工艺处理效果明显,运行能耗低,操作灵活且二次污染少,具有明显的技术经济优势。     

RO反渗透技术在酒钢连铸连轧水处理系统的应用

近几年,随着酒钢公司的发展,RO反渗透水处理技术在连铸连轧生产供水系统应用。本文针对利用RO反渗透技术建立的CSP除盐泵站的工作原理、工艺流程、运行现状以及设备维护等方面进行阐述,目的是正确使用RO反渗透装置,达到良好运行效果,延长设备使用寿命,在水处理方面发挥更好作用。     

光电协同降解兰炭废水研究

采用光催化与电化学氧化相结合技术对兰炭废水进行降解试验。用石墨片和活性炭颗粒为三维电极材料,外加紫外光灯条件下分别考察外加电压、活性炭颗粒投加量、电解质浓度和二氧化钛光催化剂(P25)投加量等对纯苯酚溶液中苯酚和COD去除率的影响。结果表明,当外加电压10V、活性炭颗粒投加量8g、电解质浓度0.15mol/L、P25投加量0.6g时,1 000mg/L的苯酚溶液中3h时苯酚和COD的去除率分别达到81.11%和73.64%;以此工艺条件,对某兰炭企业产生的兰炭废水(COD32 700mg/L)进行降解试验,COD去除率为60.63%。     

金刚石薄膜电极处理炸药废水的实验研究

用硼掺杂金刚石薄膜(BDD)电极采用电化学氧化的方法对含二苯胺的炸药废水进行了实验研究。采 用循环流动的方式,在不同电流下,电流愈大,COD去除率和瞬时电流效率(ICE)愈大;实验发现电解会导致二苯 胺聚合,通过沉淀可以迅速降低COD;采用钛基活性涂层(ACT)电极与金刚石电极的对比实验发现,由于BDD电 极的弱吸附性,处理效果明显优于ACT。     

Effect of RO （R=Ca, Sr, Ba, Zn or Pb） component on spectroscopic properties of Eu3＋ in RO-B2O3 glasses

Eu3+-doped binary borate glasses with different metal oxide components RO (R=Ca, Sr, Ba, Zn or Pb) were prepared by meltquenching technique. The fluorescent spectral properties of Eu3+in these glasses were experimentally studied. The analysis on the phonon sidebands (PSBs) indicated that RO component did not cause obvious change of the electron-phonon coupling constant (EPC). By inspecting the optical absorption edges it was found that RO could greatly affect the band gap energy, and the glass with PbO component revealed the smallest band gap energy, the glasses with ZnO, BaO and SrO showed similar band gap energy. The optical transition intensity parameters of Eu3+in all studied glasses were calculated, it was found that for each sample its value of2 was larger than that of 4 and 6, and the sample with PbO component exhibited the smallest2, but the λ values for ZBE, CBE, BBE and SBE were very similar. These results might be helpful for the design of borate glasses.     

磁性活性炭的制备及去除河涌水中COD的研究

采用改性磁种——磁性活性炭复合吸附材料结合磁分离法处理河涌水,考察了絮凝剂种类及用量、改性磁种投加量、作用时间、磁场强度等对河涌水中COD的去除效果。结果表明,采用改性磁种——磁性活性炭吸附并结合高梯度磁分离处理河涌水COD效果明显,在聚合氯化铝(PAC)用量10g/L、改性磁种用量30g/L、改性磁种作用时间20min、分离磁场强度8 000kA/m的条件下,原水含COD 90.18mg/L,出水含COD可降至6.59mg/L,除COD率达92.69%,达到《地表水环境质量标准》(GB 3838—2002)中的Ⅰ类水COD标准。     

反渗透浓缩回用稀土氯铵废水预处理实验研究

文章讨论了用工业炉渣吸附处理稀土氯铵废水,去除氯铵废水中的COD、油的最佳实验条件,确定了工业炉渣的吸附容量,氯铵废水经处理后能达到反渗透浓缩回用稀土氯铵废水进膜水质标准。     

芬顿氧化法处理焦化废水中的过程控制

济钢焦化废水处理采用A2O2-混凝沉淀-芬顿氧化工艺。芬顿氧化法在运行过程中常因Fenton试剂配比([Fe2+]/[H2O2])及絮凝剂的投加量较难控制等原因,出现出水COD超标,出水浑浊、悬浮物超标,出水发绿等问题。通过采取及时对硫酸亚铁和双氧水投加量进行微量调节,及时排泥、定期清理Y型过滤器,及时人工添加氢氧化钠溶液等相应措施,保证了出水水质稳定达到国家二级排放标准,最好时COD控制为70 mg/L。     

Simulations of Full-Scale Reverse Osmosis Membrane Process

Performance of a two-stage full-scale reverse osmosis (RO) process for a desalination plant in Florida was simulated with a mathematical model based on the principles of membrane transport and mass conservation. In this model, water flux at any point along the filtration channel is calculated locally according to the basic transport theory of RO membranes. The changes in cross-flow velocity and salt concentration along the filtration channel were determined using mass balance principles of water and salt. Simulations of the plant performance were compared with the in-plant observation data over a period of more than 300 days. The results showed that the model could adequately describe the performance of the full-scale RO process based on a few module and operating parameters. The study also revealed that salt rejection of a RO membrane changed with feed salt concentration. The osmotic pressure coefficient that fits best with performance of this plant was substantially lower than the value determined with the “rule of thumb” (i.e., osmotic pressure in psi ≈ 0.01×total dissolved solids in mg/L) and had to be determined specifically for the particular feed water being processed.     

改性兰炭用于焦化废水深度处理实验研究

水蒸气高温改性兰炭用于深度处理焦化废水,考察了吸附时间、pH值、吸附剂用量、温度等因素对处理效果的影响。结果表明,在室温25℃、废水pH值为4、投加量20g／L条件下吸附120min后,焦化废水深度处理过程COD去除率在50％以上。Freundlich吸附等温线表明,改性兰炭对焦化废水出水进行深度处理时吸附性能较好。     

萃取皂化废水除COD制工业盐工艺研究

研究了皂化废水中含油量、COD浓度对皂化废水结晶盐的品质影响和Fenton氧化法降解COD工艺。结果表明,经活性炭除油后,含油量小于5 mg/L;在摩尔比n(H2O2)/n(Fe2+)=8、反应pH=3.0、双氧水浓度0.472 mmol/L、反应时间60 min的条件下,COD浓度小于217 mg/L。经上述工艺处理后的皂化水用氢氧化钠沉淀除铁,蒸发结晶可以得到白度为87.52、氯化钠纯度为95.7%、达到一级标准的工业级氯化钠盐。     

2,4,6 Tri-Chlorophenol Containing Wastewater Treatment Using a Hybrid-Loop Bioreactor System

A hybrid-loop bioreactor system consisting of a packed column biofilm and an aerated tank bioreactor with an effluent recycle was used for biological treatment of 2,4,6 tri-chlorophenol (TCP) containing synthetic wastewater. The effects of sludge age (solids retention time) on chemical oxygen demand (COD), TCP, and toxicity removal performance of the system were investigated for sludge ages between 5 and 30?days, while the feed COD (2600±100?mg?L?1), TCP (370±10?mg?L?1), and the hydraulic residence time (25?h) were constant. Percent TCP, COD, and toxicity removals increased with increasing sludge age resulting in nearly complete COD, TCP, and toxicity removal at sludge ages above 20?days. Biomass concentrations in the packed column and in the aeration tank increased with increasing sludge age resulting in low reactor TCP concentrations, and therefore, high TCP, COD, and toxicity removals. More than 95% of COD, TCP, and toxicity removal took place in the packed column reactor. Volumetric rates of TCP and COD removal increased due to increasing biomass and decreasing effluent TCP and COD concentrations with increasing sludge age. The specific rate of TCP removal was maximum (120?mg?TCP?gX?1?day?1) at a sludge age of 20?days. TCP inhibition was eliminated by operation of the system at sludge age above 20?days to obtain nearly complete COD, TCP, and toxicity removal.     

铜矿矿山废水的物化净化处理研究

针对某铜矿矿山酸性废水与选矿废水的所形成的混合废水的pH值较低,COD及重金属离子浓度较高的特点,研究利用Fenton氧化-电石乳中和-絮凝联合工艺处理酸碱混合废水的效果,试验表明:联合工艺对废水中的COD和重金属有着较高的去除率,当双氧水、电石乳及PAM投加量分别为340mg/L、12g/L以及2mg/L时,废水经处理后,COD<100mg/L,重金属Zn2+、Cu2+无检出,总铁<0.1mg/L、总锰<0.1mg/L,出水达到国家《污水综合排放标准》(GB8978-1996)一级排放标准。     

混凝法去除德兴铜矿浮选废水COD的研究

针对德兴铜矿浮选废水中存在大量浮选药剂,废水COD高的特点,研究采用PAC、PFS以及PAM对浮选废水进行混凝预处理,分别进行了混凝药剂投加浓度和最佳pH值试验,试验结果表明:通过混凝法处理浮选废水中的残留药剂存在一定困难,采用PFS浓度300 mg/L与PAM浓度0.5 mg/L所组成的复合药剂,在pH值为8.0,废水的COD最大去除率达到32.4%。     

包钢尾矿坝渗漏水回用预处理试验分析

根据对尾矿坝渗漏水水质及回用水水质的分析,回用水终端处理拟选用反渗透膜(RO)处理工艺,为此优选出两种预处理方案进行了中试试验。通过对两种预处理方案的综合比选并根据其存在的问题和公司其它中水处理经验,最终为渗漏水处理推荐了一种合适的方案。