方坯提高铸坯热送温度生产实践

热轧的加热炉是钢铁企业能源消耗比较大的设备。近年来，国内诸多钢铁企业尝试了不经加热炉直接轧制铸坯工艺，并获得了成功。邯钢能嘉炼钢厂新建的方坯—棒材产线采用了铸坯热送热装技术，经过多次生产实践，不断进行设备改进和生产工艺优化，铸坯热送率和温度合格率都有了明显提高，减少了生产过程中的氧化铁皮，降低了材料损耗，提高了成材率，减少了能源消耗，降低了生产成本，取得了明显的经济效益。截至目前，铸坯热送率最高达到78%，铸坯温度合格率已稳定到85%以上。     

济钢高效连铸系统工艺优化实践

济钢第一炼钢厂通过采用改善钢水质量、提高板坯表面质量、连铸机高效化改造、钢包系统和炼钢工序的工艺优化等措施,使出钢温度下降了56℃,提高了铸机拉速,实现了炉-机匹配;铸坯质量明显提高,免精整率达到了98%以上,优化了生产工艺结构,实现了连铸坯的热送热装。     

热回复过程高强耐候钢Q450NQR1的高温力学性能

在热回复条件下,采用Gleeble-1500D热/力模拟实验机,研究测试了高强耐候钢Q450NQR1(/%:0.05～0.10C、0.30～0.50Si、0.80～1.00Mn、≤0.020P、≤0.008S、0.20～0.40Cu、0.15～0.35Ni、0.40～0.60Cr)200mm×1 350 mm铸坯试样在700～1 000℃,热拉伸应变率5×10^-3 s^-1时的强度、塑性模量和断面收缩率。结果表明,随温度下降铸坯塑性模量(硬化系数)和强度增加,800℃时铸坯的强度随温度的变化速率出现明显转变;925～700℃时铸坯断面收缩率≤60%;为保证铸坯质量,在矫直过程铸坯表面温度应≥950℃。     

攀钢连铸板坯热送热装及相关工艺研究

针对攀钢连铸板坯热送热装生产现状，开发了板坯热送，加热过程数学模型，进行了铸坯生产组织方式及表面质量状况轧制前后对应关系的工业试验，在此基础上，建立了铸坯热送热装管理办法和加热炉操作规程。生产统计表明，铸坯热送热装率从１９９５年的１６．７％提高到１９９６年的３６．９％平均入炉温度达５６５℃。     

铸坯热装温度对无取向硅钢中AlN和MnS析出行为的影响

通过固溶度积公式计算及热模拟实验,对不同热装和加热温度条件下的无取向硅钢铸坯中析出相进行了研究.在低于950℃热装时,铸坯中AlN的析出量和尺寸不再变化,但MnS和AlN-MnS的数量及平均尺寸随着热装温度降低而进一步增加,并在温度低于600℃时达到最大值后保持不变.与1200℃相比,1100℃加热的铸坯中AlN、MnS的总固溶量相对更少.相比850℃热装,600℃热装再加热到1100℃的铸坯中AlN和MnS的总固溶量更少,且AlN和MnS尺寸更大.合适的热装温度和加热温度分别为600℃和1100℃.      

热送热装工艺中铸坯温度的在线预报模型

以连铸坯热送热装过程传热数学模型对热送热装工艺中铸坯温度变化模拟结果为基础，建立了传搁过程中铸坯温度变化在线实时预报的数学模型，在线模型能实时预报各种工况下铸坯的温度变化。     

连铸、输送和加热过程E36铸坯组织的演变

 基于连铸、输送、加热过程大板坯的传热研究,针对E36铸坯的组织演变,系统研究了不同热履历对E36铸坯组织演变的影响,为优化界面技术提供了依据。结果表明,铸坯以不同输送方式冷至625℃以下再加热后的开轧组织没有显著差异,铸坯是否经过奥氏体-铁素体-奥氏体相变过程是影响开轧组织的主要因素。铸坯横断面不同位置的组织演变过程不尽相同,若采用低温区装炉,应保证铸坯横断面中心温度在625℃以下,若采用高温区热装,应将铸坯角部温度控制在805℃以上。     

重轨钢铸坯热装影响因素分析和数值模拟

采用有限差分法建立了钢水从结晶器至二冷区和空冷区冷却过程以及280 mm ×380 mm连铸坯热装热送的温度模型,并分析了重轨钢U71Mn(%:0.66～0.76C、0.15～0.35Si、1.10～1.40Mn)和U75V(%:0.70～0.78C、0.50～0.70Si、0.75～1.05Mn、0.04～0.08V)中的氧、氮含量、铸坯低倍组织和加热炉人口处铸坯输送辊道等对该钢热装的影响。模拟结果表明,重轨钢铸坯热装可缩短加热时间40 min,铸坯输送辊道的工作温度为250℃。     

热送热装过程大板坯传热数值模拟研究

对热送热装过程中典型的大板坯温度变化建立了数学模型并分析了计算结果.研究表明:辊道输送过程热送温度对铸坯冷却速率影响较小;保温坑内堆垛的铸坯温度分布较均匀,冷却速率较慢,在8.3～9.0 K/h之间;堆垛空冷铸坯的主要冷却速率为11.3～18.6 K/h;在加热过程热装温度不同可使铸坯内外形成不同的热履历.对不同热送热装工艺过程中铸坯的温度变化规律进行了模拟,为优化界面技术提供了依据.     

连铸坯热装热送工艺研究和钢板质量改进措施

本文通过对热送铸坯钢板表面裂纹产生的原因进行分析和研究,发现热送铸坯钢板表面裂纹主要在轧制环节中产生;降低铸坯加热炉温度,减少铸坯加热时间等措施可使热装热送铸坯轧制钢板裂纹得到有效控制。     

连铸过程铸坯皮下裂纹的产生及控制

摘要：通过数值模拟的方法研究了典型大方坯（325mm×280mm）连铸过程中温度场和应力场分布,分析了铸坯皮下裂纹产生的原因和主要影响因素,制定了控制铸坯皮下裂纹的具体措施。结果表明：在连铸过程中铸坯的最大回温为121℃,二冷一区最高回热速率达到217.48℃/m,二冷二区最高回热速率达到131.95℃/m,其他各区回热速率都较低。温度回升后铸坯横断面距铸坯表面15~30mm处的最大应力应变值已经超过了钢的极限应力应变值,因此,二冷一区和二区温度回升是铸坯产生皮下裂纹的主要原因。增加二冷一区水量,将此水量在二冷三区和四区相应地减小,可以降低二冷一区回热速率,降低最大回热温度到88℃,控制铸坯皮下裂纹的产生。     

带钢步进梁式加热炉节能技术的应用

莱风轧钢厂带钢国间采用步进梁式加热炉,在生产中应用了热送热装工艺,降低钢坯加热温度,对助燃空气进行预热,提高加热炉保温性能,采用高铲节能型燃烧器,实现计算机控制烧钢等节能技术,使煤气消耗平均降至１．１ＧＪ／ｔ。     

高碳钢连铸坯加热脱碳的有限元模拟

进行了0.72%C-1.30%MnU71Mn高碳钢250 mm×280 mm×6000 mm连铸坯加热时的传热有限元模拟和通过非线性回归分析,得出钢坯在加热后钢坯脱碳深度d (mm)与加热前脱碳深度d₀ (mm)、钢坯表面温度 T(K)和加热时间 t (min)之间关系的数学模型: d=d₀+(2.132×10^-7T²-0.0002T+0.0163)·(0.208 t^0.5-d₀)。实测结果表明,模型的相对预报误差≤3.2%。根据模型计算得出铸坯的优化工艺为预热段1150℃ 86min,加热段1250℃ 131min,均热段1230℃ 68min。检验结果表明,采用优化工艺,成品脱碳深度可降低20%左右。     

A novel numerical model for billet reheating furnace

A numerical model of billet reheating furnace is proposed, which includes heat fluxes calculation around four billet surfaces and two-dimensional conduction calculation inside billet. Radiation and convection heat fluxes on top and bottom surfaces are calculated simultaneously, based on quartic and linear difference between furnace gas and billet surface temperatures, while furnace gas temperature is determined according to thermocouple values along furnace length together with billet surface temperature. Lateral fluxes are also calculated considering angle factor on billets interval. Two-dimensional partial differential equation is acquired for billet conduction to determine temperature distribution, which is discretised and solved by Alternating Direction Implicit and TriDiagonal Matrix Algorithm. Two embedded thermocouple experiments were carried out to verify furnace gas temperature, the effect of billet interval on lateral heat flux calculation as well as billet temperature. It met agreement well with experiments on billet temperature, which could be a better prerequisite for further reheating furnace automatic control.     

减少钢坯烧损实践

阐述钢坯氧化烧损的影响因素,着重从加热温度、加热时间、炉内气氛及钢坯成分四个方面分析萍钢一轧厂高线加热炉钢坯烧损率高的原因,提出改进措施,取得了一定的效果。     

基于可变容差法的步进梁式加热炉炉温设定优化

通过对钢坯在加热炉内的传热过程进行分析,建立钢坯的二维传热模型,并采用有限差分方法对钢坯温度场进行数值模拟。以钢坯出炉温度、出钢温差、加热过程中钢坯断面温差及表面温度等为约束条件,以能耗为目标函数,利用可变容差法求得加热炉各段的最优炉温设定值。运用该模型可方便地求得加热炉各段最优设定值,从而实现加热炉的最优工艺,提高加热炉效率,降低能源消耗,并提高产品质量。     

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A 2D temperature model was proposed for heating rules and real-time calculation during heating process on billet reheating furnace, which included furnace temperature calculation along furnace length, billet surface fluxes calculation and conduction calculation inside billet. First, furnace temperature was accomplished according to thermocouple. Then fluxes on the above and below surfaces were calculated by total heat exchange factor method, as well as lateral fluxes. ADI and TDMA algorithms were adopted to calculate billet internal temperature distribution. Validation was carried out by thermocouple experiments and a model system was established in a hot rolling plant to provide appropriate heating rules and real-time temperature prediction. It shows precision and responsibility during reheating furnace production.     

半固态A356合金重熔加热时初生相的组织演变

利用低过热度浇注技术制备了半固态A356铝合金坯料,研究了半固态温度区间重熔加热时半固态A356铝合金坯料的初生相形貌的转变过程.结果表明,在半固态两相区保温,半固态A356合金的初生相逐渐团球化,该过程随保温温度的升高而加快.半固态A356铝合金晶粒的圆度与保温温度和保温时间的关系不大,但晶粒的尺寸随着保温温度和保温时间的增加而增大.半固态A356合金试样重熔加热最佳工艺制度为583℃下保温30min,其晶粒平均等积圆直径为80μm,晶粒平均圆度为0.83.     

基于目标钢温的加热炉在线动态优化控制

由于鄂城钢铁有限责任公司宽厚板厂步进式加热炉无法很好地适应钢种和实际生产条件的变化,因此造成钢坯出炉温度无法精确满足轧线的要求。针对该问题,本文建立了步进式板坯加热炉数学模型,通过优化计算得到钢坯的理想升温曲线和相应的炉温制度,提出了基于各段目标钢温的在线炉温动态优化控制策略,建立了带有钢温负反馈的在线优化控制系统,实现了对出炉钢温的精准控制,同时达到了一定的节能效果。在实际应用中使开轧温度的命中率提高了12个百分点,吨钢燃料消耗降低了10 m3。     

Application of Hot Strength and Ductility Test to Optimization of Secondary Cooling System in Billet Continuous Casting Process

By means of Gleeble-1500 dynamic thermomechanical simulator, the continuous casting process for HRB335C steel was simulated using solidifying method and hot ductility and strength of the steel were determined. The test results indicate that there are three temperature regions of brittleness for HRB335C billet in the temperature range from 700 ℃ to solidification point; the first temperature region of brittleness is 1 300 ℃ to solidification point of the billet, the second temperature region of brittleness is 1 200-- 1 000 ℃, and the third temperature region of brittleness is 700-850 ℃ ; the steel is plastic at 850--1 000 ℃. The cracking sensitivity was studied in the different temperature zones of the brittleness for steel HRB335C and the target surface temperature curve for the secondary cooling is determined. With optimized process, the mathematical model of the steady temperature field with two-dimensional heat transfer for 150 mm×150 mm HRB335C steel billet was established to optimize the secondary cooling process. The conic relation of water distribution between secondary cooling water flux and casting speed is regressed. Keeping the surface temperature of billet before the straightening point above 1 000 ℃, the results of billet test indicate that there is free central shrinkage cavity. The billet defect is decreased greatly, and the quality of billet is obviously improved.