高炉冷却壁内水管结垢研究与缓结垢对策

为抑制高炉冷却壁内水管的结垢，使用马钢二铁和四铁厂高炉现场冷却水进行了实验室模拟结垢研究，采用数码摄象，扫描电镜，化学分析，称重测试，X射线衍射相分析等方法，考察了冷却水质，水管材质，水中溶氧等因素对结垢的影响及其一般规律，根据实验结果，提出了缓结垢的一些工业实施对策。     

锅炉结垢、腐蚀原因分析与解决对策

在对锅炉结垢物进行化学分析和结垢腐蚀的原因分析基础上，有针对性地提出了防止，减缓结垢腐蚀的措施，锅炉结垢逐步减轻，腐蚀状态有了很大改善，发电煤耗降低率了24．82％。     

2500m^3高炉冷却壁清洗实践

通过马钢2500m^3高炉冷却壁保护性化学清洗实践，着重叙述了高炉冷却壁的结垢原因、结垢及腐蚀机理、结垢的危害，以及保护性化学清洗的工艺、控制要点和效果评价。     

管式碳分蒸发器结垢的预防和清除

通过碳分蒸发器结垢现状调查，分析了结垢形成的原因，并针对这些因素提出了碳分蒸发器结垢预防及清除措施。     

总排污水处理后回用于循环冷却水系统的初探

通过现场测试和挂片试验对包钢总排水水质类型及其用于高炉循环冷却系统的现状进行了调查研究。确定了在现有条件下4#高炉循环冷却水系统的水质类型为腐蚀为主，兼有结垢；总排回水为微量结垢和腐蚀型水质，随着浓缩倍数的增加逐步转化为严重结垢型水质。     

换热器的化学清洗实践

论述了换热器的结垢原因、危害、结垢和腐蚀机理，以及换热器化学清洗的工艺和控制要点。事实证明，用化学方法清除污垢和提高换热效率非常有效。     

低温水系统金属腐蚀结垢与预防措施

阐述了低温水系统腐蚀结垢的原因及其危害。并提出了预防低温水系统腐蚀结垢的初步方案，可供低温水系统的运行管理提供参考。     

锅炉灰渣泵站循环水管道结垢问题的探讨

本文对如何控制７５ｔ锅炉灰渣泵站除灰循环水水质，防止管道内部结垢问题进行了探讨。认为通过合理地控制循环水的ＰＨ值，降低循环流量，减小循环水量，加快灰渣的沉降，达到防止管道结垢的目的。     

转炉烟气净化设备阻垢技术

转炉炼钢烟气净化设备长期结垢严重，影响转炉正常生产，我厂从提高烟气净化设备浊环水水质着手，降低浊环水的悬浮物含量、水硬度以及水温，达到了降低烟气净化设备结垢速率的目的。     

DH71—80空压机冷却器严重结垢堵塞回水管路的原因分析与防范

攀钢氧气厂2号万立空压机三级冷却器在短期使用中造成严重结垢，出口温度升高(49℃)，使生产无法正常运行，最终导至三级冷却器报废。分析了三级冷却器结垢严重的原因。     

The use of behavioral methods of contraception in women seeking abortion

AIMS: To determine the extent to which behavioural methods, used alone or with other methods of contraception, contribute to contraceptive failure in women seeking termination of pregnancy. METHOD: A clinical audit was conducted of the use of behavioural methods of contraception, in 1342 women attending the Parkview Clinic for termination of pregnancy, over a four year period 1992-6. The information was obtained through standard interview and patient records. RESULTS: The women seen were representative of New Zealand women undergoing termination of pregnancy. Approximately one third of women (34.9%) used one or more behavioural methods in the month prior to conception. The two most common methods were periodic abstinence and coitus interruptus, both used by approximately 17%. Other methods used less frequently and not solely for contraceptive purposes, were cleansing of the vagina and breastfeeding. Pacific Island and Asian women were more likely to use behavioural methods than European and Maori women. Many women (45.6%) using behavioural methods also used other methods of contraception, especially the condom. CONCLUSIONS: Behavioural methods were found more commonly than previously reported. Greater understanding of the use of behavioural methods will assist in the implementation of preventive programmes to reduce the number of terminations.     

高炉风口回旋区深度直接测量方法的研究

高炉风口回旋区深度是高炉实现最佳冶炼的重要参数之一。简要介绍了回旋区深度理论建模计算、经验公式计算的研究及不足,同时介绍了炉芯取样、风口探针、激光雷达、微波雷达等几种风口回旋区深度直接测量技术的测量原理及应用现状。通过对各种直接测量技术的分类讨论和优劣对比,得出微波测量是1种较为有效的回旋区深度测量方法。在完善各种回旋区深度直接测量方法的同时,建议结合CCD成像等其它监测系统同步完成风口多项指标的测量。     

偶氮氯膦-pA在痕量铂系元素测定中的应用

报道了偶氮氯膦 pA在痕量铂系元素钌、铑、钯、锇、铱、铂测定中的应用。基于偶氮氯膦 pA与贵金属钯离子能发生显色反应 ,建立了光度法测定痕量钯的新方法 ;基于偶氮氯膦 pA在微量贵金属离子钌、铑、铂、锇、铱存在下与氧化剂 (高碘酸钾、溴酸钾 )发生催化褪色反应 ,建立了测定这些金属元素的催化分光光度新方法。本文考察了该系列反应的最佳条件、检出限及线性范围 ,反应可直接在水溶液中进行 ,方法简便快速 ,灵敏度高 ,用于贵金属精矿、催化剂等样品中微量铂系元素的测定 ,结果满意。     

无机材料氧氮标准分析技术进展及现状

通过对氧、氮含量标准分析方法进行整理、归纳,得出结论:惰气熔融红外吸收法和热导法是无机材料氧、氮含量现行主流标准分析方法;库仑滴定法、分光光度法逐渐被替代,或与新方法并存;蒸馏-中和滴定法在高含量氮的标准分析方法中保持优势;同时存在具有特色的杜马斯燃烧法、元素分析仪法以及质谱法。分别列出了各方法主要技术参数,剖析了惰气熔融红外吸收法和热导法的原理、制样要求、表面处理方法、助熔剂作用及比例、助熔剂种类、校准方式、校准物质等。展望低熔点金属及合金中氧、氮含量标准分析方法发展,期待更多设备、辅助材料的研发工作,使无机材料氧、氮含量标准分析方法更完善。共引用各类标准77项。     

地球化学样品中微量锗的分析进展

对地质样品中微量和痕量锗的分析方法进行了综述, 介绍了酸溶和碱熔的前处理方法、分离与富集方法以及锗的测定方法, 包括极谱法、石墨炉原子吸收光谱法、原子荧光光谱法、电感耦合等离子体原子发射光谱法和电感耦合等离子体质谱法, 并对锗的分离和分析方法进行了展望。     

Assessment of Direct Cone Penetration Test Methods for Predicting the Ultimate Capacity of Friction Driven Piles

This paper evaluates the applicability of eight direct cone penetration test (CPT) methods to predict the ultimate load capacity of square precast prestressed concrete (PPC) driven friction piles. Analyses and evaluation were conducted on 35 driven friction piles of different sizes and lengths that were failed during pile load testing. The CPT methods, as well as the static α and β methods, were used to estimate the load carrying capacities of the investigated piles (QP). The Butler–Hoy method was used to determine the measured load carrying capacities from pile load tests (Qm). The pile capacities determined using the different methods were compared with the measured pile capacities obtained from the pile load tests. Four criteria were selected as bases of evaluation: the best fit line for Qp versus Qm, the arithmetic mean and standard deviation for the ratio Qp/Qm, the cumulative probability for Qp/Qm, and the histogram and log normal distribution for Qp/Qm. Results of the analyses showed that the best performing CPT methods are the LCPC method by Bustamante and Gianeselli as well as the De Ruiter and Beringen method. These methods were ranked number one according to the mentioned criteria.     

金属/陶瓷的润湿性

阐述了金属，陶瓷润湿性的概念、表征方法和分类，介绍了润湿性的各种实验方法和理论研究，综述了提高润湿性的主要技术，并提出了研究金属，陶瓷复合材料应重视的问题。     

Comparison of Methods for Determining Specific Surface Area of Soils

The present study was undertaken to compare the capabilities of four of the known methods; more specifically, N2 adsorption, methylene blue (MB)-titration, MB-spot test, and ethylene glycol monoethyl ether (EGME) methods were evaluated to determine the specific surface area (SSA) of 16 different clayey soils. The study showed that N2 adsorption method underpredicts the SSA of soils, especially for smectitic soils. No significant differences were observed between N2 SSA, MB SSA-titration, or MB-spot test for kaolinitic soils. The SSA estimates of MB-titration and MB-spot test methods were highly correlated for all soils. The EGME method has a very different procedure from the MB methods; however, it was highly correlated with MB methods (r2 = 0.95). The N2 adsorption method had no correlation to other methods. The cation exchange capacity of tested soils was highly correlated to the SSA, as high as r2 = 0.77. No unique relationship was determined between the clay fraction and SSA.     

沉淀法合成纳米氧化锌的工艺比较

本研究分别采用尿素均匀沉淀法和草酸直接沉淀法制备了纳米氧化锌粉体;并用XRD,SEM和激光粒度仪等对纳米ZnO的形貌和粒度进行表征.在此基础上,本文比较了不同的制备方法及不同煅烧条件对产品性能的影响.结果表明:两种方法均可制备得到粒径小于40nm的ZnO纳米粉体,所用工艺过程简单,产品性能较好.